【考研类试卷】工程硕士(GCT)英语-160及答案解析.doc

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1、工程硕士(GCT)英语-160 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary an(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.The car _ halfway for no reason.（分数：2.00）A.broke offB.broke downC.broke upD.broke out2.Operations which left patients _ and in need of long periods of recovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable.（分数：2.

2、00）A.exhaustedB.abandonedC.injuredD.deserted3.He hoped the firm would _ him to the Paris branch.（分数：2.00）A.exchangeB.transmitC.transferD.remove4.A _ to this problem is expected to be found before long.（分数：2.00）A.resultB.responseC.settlementD.solution5.The newcomers found it impossible to _ themselve

3、s to the climate sufficiently to make permanent homes in the new country.（分数：2.00）A.suitB.adaptC.regulateD.coordinate6.He _ with Smith at least four times in the past three years.（分数：2.00）A.has been seen to meetB.was seen to meetC.had been seen meetingD.is seen meeting7.If she doesnt tell him the tr

4、uth now, hell simply keep on asking her until she _.（分数：2.00）A.doesB.has doneC.will doD.would do8.The patients health failed to such an extent that he was put into _ care.（分数：2.00）A.tenseB.rigidC.intensiveD.tight9.No one had told Smith about _ a lecture the following day.（分数：2.00）A.there beingB.ther

5、e beC.there would beD.there was10.Floods cause billions of dollars worth of property damage _.（分数：2.00）A.relativelyB.actuallyC.annuallyD.comparatively二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)New technology links the world as never before. Our planet has shrunk. Its a new “global village“ where countries a

6、re only seconds away by fax or phone or satellite link. And, of course, our ability to benefit from this high-tech communications equipment is greatly enhanced by foreign language skills.Deeply involved with this new technology is a breed of modem businesspeople who have a growing respect for the ec

7、onomic value of doing business abroad. In modem markets, success overseas often helps support domestic business efforts.Overseas assignments are becoming increasingly important to advancement within executive ranks. The executive stationed in another country no longer needs fear being “out of sight

8、and out of mind“. He or she can be sure that the overseas effort is central to the companys plan for success, and that promotions often follow or accompany an assignment abroad, if an employee can succeed in a difficult assignment overseas, superiors will have greater confidence in his or her abilit

9、y to come back in the United States where cross-cultural considerations and foreign language issues are becoming more and prevalent (普遍的) .Thanks to a variety of relatively inexpensive communications devices with business applications, even small businesses in the United States are able to get into

10、international markets.English is still the international language of business. But there is an ever-growing need for people who can speak another language. A second language isnt generally required to get a job in business, but having language skills gives a candidate the edge when other qualificati

11、ons appear to be equal.The employee posted abroad who speaks the countrys principal language has an opportunity to fist-forward certain negotiations, and can have the cultural insight to know when it is better to move more slowly. The employee at the home office who can communicate well with foreign

12、 clients over the telephone or by fax machine is an obvious asset to the firm.（分数：10.00）(1).What is the authors attitude toward high-tech communications equipment?（分数：2.00）A.Critical.B.Prejudiced.C.Indifferent.D.Postitiv(2).With the increased use of high-tech communications equipment, businesspeople

13、（分数：2.00）A.have to get familiar with modem technologyB.are gaining more economic benefits from domestic operationsC.are attaching more importance to their overseas businessD.are eager to work overseas(3).In this passage, “out of sight and out of mind(Lines 2-3, Par（分数：2.00）A.3)probably means _.A. be

14、ing unable to think properly for lack of insightB. being totally out of touch with business at homeC. missing opportunities for promotion when abroadD. leaving all care and worry behind(4).According to the passage, what is an important consideration of international corporations in employing people

15、today?（分数：2.00）A.Connections with businesses overseas.B.Ability to speak the clients language.C.Technical know-how.D.Business experienc(5).The advantage of employees having foreign language skills is that they can _.（分数：2.00）A.better control the whole negotiation processB.easily find new approaches

16、to meet market needsC.fast-forward their proposals to headquartersD.easily make friends with businesspeople abroadFriction between Americas military and its civilian overseers is nothing new. Americas 220-year experiment in civilian control of the military is a recipe for friction. The nations histo

17、ry has seen a series of shifts in decision-making power among the White House, the civilian secretaries and the uniformed elite(精英). However, what may seem on the outside an unstable and special system of power sharing has, without a doubt, been a key to two centuries of military success.In the infi

18、ghting dates to the revolution, George Washington waged a continual struggle not just for money, but to control the actual battle plan. The framers of the Constitution sought to clarify things by making the president the “commander in chief“. Not since Washington wore his uniform and led the troops

19、across the Alleghenies to quell (镇压) the Whiskey Rebellion has a sitting president taken command in the field. Yet the absolute authority of the president ensures his direct command. The president was boss, and everyone in uniform knew it.In the Civil War, Abraham Lincoln dealt directly with his gen

20、erals, and Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton handled administrative details. Lincoln, inexperienced in military matters, initially deferred (顺从) to his generals. But when their caution proved disastrous, he issued his General War Order No. 1 - explicitly commanding a general advance of all Union for

21、ces. Some generals, George B. McClellan in particular, bridled at his hands-on direction. But in constitutional terms, Lincoln was in the right.His most important decision was to put Ulysses S. Grant in charge of the Union Army in 1864. Left to its own timetable, the military establishment would nev

22、er have touched Grant. The relationship between the president and his general provides a textbook lesson in civilian control and power sharing. Grant was a general who would take the fight to the enemy, and not second-guess the presidents political decisions. Unlike McClellan, for example, Grant coo

23、perated wholeheartedly in recruiting black soldiers. For his part, Lincoln did not meddle in operations and did not visit the headquarters in the field unless invited.The balance set up by Grant and Lincoln stayed more or less in place through World War I. Not until World War II did the pendulum fin

24、ally swing back toward the White House. Franklin Roosevelt, who had been assistant Navy secretary during World War I, was as well prepared to be commander in chief as any wartime president since George Washington.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the author, the system of power sharing between the White Ho

25、use and the generals _.（分数：2.00）A.is unstable and strangeB.is a guarantee for American military successC.has caused a series of quarrelsD.undermines the bases of American military power(2).The phrase “the uniformed elite“ in Paragraph one most probably refers to _.（分数：2.00）A.outstanding soldiersB.of

26、ficersC.officialsD.generals(3).According to the passage, Washington _.（分数：2.00）A.struggled with the congress only for moneyB.lived up to the code of the constitution that the president was “the commander in chief“C.looked more like a general than a presidentD.did much more than he should as a presid

27、ent(4).Why was the putting of Grant in charge of the Union Army an important decision?（分数：2.00）A.Because Lincoln was inexperienced in military affairs, he had to do so.B.Grant whole-heartedly believed in Lincoln, and their cooperation proved to be a nonesuch.C.All things considered, Grant was somewh

28、at better than McClellan.D.The decision to put Grant in charge of the Union Army was not against the constitution.(5).In the last paragraph, the author implies that _.（分数：2.00）A.Roosevelt was better prepared to be a wartime president than LincolnB.in the Second World War, the relationship between th

29、e White House and the generals was intenseC.both Lincoln and Roosevelt were good wartime presidents, although their actual way of dealing things may be differentD.George Washington was actually the best presidentCrossing Wesleyan Universitys campus usually requires walking over colorful messages cha

30、lked on the ground. They can be as innocent as meeting announcements, but in a growing number of cases the language is meant to shock. Its not uncommon, for instance, to see lewd references to professors sexual preferences scrawled across a path or the mention of the word “Nig“ that African-American

31、 students say make them feel uncomfortable.In response, officials and students at schools are now debating ways to lead their communities away from forms of expression that offend or harass (侵扰). In the process, theyre putting up against the difficulties of regulating speech at institutions that pri

32、de themselves on fostering open debate.Mr. Bennet of Wesleyan says he had gotten used to seeing occasional chalkings filled with four-letter words. Campus tradition made any horizontal surface not attached to a building a potential billboard. But when chalkings began taking on a more threatening and

33、 lewd tone, Bennet decided to act. “This is not acceptable in a workplace and not acceptable in an institution of higher learning,“ Bennet says. For now, Bennet is seeking input about what kind of message-posting policy the school should adopt. The student assembly recently passed a resolution sayin

34、g the “right to speech comes with implicit responsibilities to respect community standards“.Other public universities have confronted problems this year while considering various ways of regulating where students can express themselves. At Harvard Law School, the recent controversy was more linked t

35、o the academic setting. Minority students there are seeking to curb what they consider harassing speech in the wake of a series of incidents last spring.At a meeting held by the “Committee on Healthy Diversity“ last week, the schools Black Law Students Association endorsed a policy targeting discrim

36、inatory harassment. It would trigger a review by school officials if there were charges of “severe or pervasive conduct“ by students or faculty. The policy would cover harassment based on, but not limited to, factors such as race, religion, creed, sexual orientation, national origin, and ethnicity (

37、种族划分).Boston attorney Harvey Silverglate, says other schools have adopted similar harassment policies that are actually speech codes, punishing students for raising certain ideas. “Restricting students from saying anything that would be perceived as very unpleasant by another student continues unint

38、errupted,“ says Silverglate, who attended the Harvard Law town meeting last week.（分数：10.00）(1).What is the typical scene found in the campus of Wesleyan University?（分数：2.00）A.Pieces of chalk are scattered everywhere on the ground.B.There are some meeting announcements on the billboard.C.All kinds of

39、 messages are written on the paths.D.Some people are shocked by the meeting announcements.(2).From the passage we can see that _.（分数：2.00）A.officials and students are debating whether they should have free speechB.in the past decade, people did not have any freedom of speechC.some students are attac

40、ked politically as targetsD.officials and students are discussing ways of avoiding offending messages(3).Mr. Bennet _.（分数：2.00）A.has gotten used to seeing messages on the billboardB.thinks that it is not acceptable to have chalkings on the ground in an institution of higher learningC.is looking for

41、a good policy which can guide the way of students message postingD.has decided to chalk some messages to fight against the harassing ones(4).The essential of the problem is to _.（分数：2.00）A.stick up for free speechB.cleanse the academic settingC.cut the throat of free speechD.please the minorities(5)

42、.What is the policy adopted by many schools after heated debating?（分数：2.00）A.It is for the universities to clamp down on speech concerning racist comments or other forms of inappropriate ideas.B.It is to teach students to learn how to express themselves more clearly.C.It is to give the minority grou

43、ps the fight to speak freely.D.It is to urge students to discuss problems concerning race, religion, national origin and ethnicity.There are great careers in which the increasing emphasis is on specialization. You find these careers in engineering, in production, in statistical work, and in teaching

44、. But there is an increasing demand for people who are able to take in a great area at a glance, people who perhaps know too much about any one field. There is, in other words, a demand for people who are capable of seeing the forest rather than the trees, of making general judgments. And these “gen

45、eralists“ are particularly needed for positions in administration, where it is their job to see that other people do the work, where they have to plan for other people, to organize other peoples work, to begin it and judge it.The specialist understands one field; his concern is with technique and to

46、ols. He is a “trained“ man; and his educational background is properly technical or professional. The generalist- and especially the administrator- deals with people; his concern is with leadership, with planning, and with direction giving. He is an “educated“ man; and the humanities fire his strong

47、est foundation.Very rarely is a specialist capable of being an administrator. And very rarely is a good generalist also a good specialist in a particular field. Any organizations need them in different proportions. It is your task to find out, during your training period, into which of the two kinds

48、 of jobs you fit, and to plan your career accordingly.Your first job may turn out to be the right job for you-but this is a pure accident. Certainly you should not change jobs constantly or people will become suspicious of your ability to hold any job. At the same time you must not look upon the fir

49、st job as the final job; it is primarily a training job, an opportunity to understand yourself and your fitness for being an employee.（分数：10.00）(1).There is an increasing demand for _.（分数：2.00）A.all-round people in their own fieldsB.people whose job is to organize other peoples workC.generalists whose educational background is either technical or professionalD.specialists whose chief concern is to provide administrative guidance to others(2).The specialist is _.（