【考研类试卷】MBA联考英语-15及答案解析.doc
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1、MBA 联考英语-15 及答案解析(总分:100.00,做题时间:90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数:1,分数:10.00)The role of governments in environmental management is difficult but inescapable. Sometimes, the state tries to manage the resources it owns, and does so badly. Often, (1) , governments act in an even more harmful way. They a
2、ctually subsidize the exploitation and (2) of natural resources. A whole (3) of policies, from farm-price support to protection for coal-mining, do environmental damage and (often) (4) no economic sense. Scrapping them offers a two-fold (5) : a cleaner environment and a more efficient economy. Growt
3、h and environmentalism can actually go hand in hand, if politicians have the courage to (6) the vested interest that subsidies create.No activity affects more of the earths surface than farming. It shapes a third of the planets land area, not (7) Antarctica, and the proportion is rising. World food
4、output per head has risen by 4 per cent between the 1970s and 1980s mainly as a result of increases in (8) from land already in (9) , but also because more land has been brought under the plough. Higher yields have been achieved by increased irrigation, better crop breeding, and a (10) in the use of
5、 pesticides and chemical fertilizers in the 1970s and 1980s.All these activities may have (11) environmental impacts. For example; land clearing for agriculture is the largest single (12) of deforestation; chemical fertilizers and pesticides may (13) water supplies; more intensive farming and the ab
6、andonment of fallow periods (14) exacerbate soil erosion; and the spread of monoculture and use of high-yielding varieties of crops have been accompanied by the (15) of old varieties of food plants which (16) some insurance against pests or diseases in future. Soil erosion threatens the productivity
7、 of land in both rich and poor countries. The United States, (17) the most careful measurements have been done, discovered in 1982 that about one-fifth of its farmland was losing topsoil at a rate (18) to diminish the soils productivity. The country subsequently (19) a program to convert 11 per cent
8、 of its cropped land to meadow or forest. Topsoil in India and China is (20) much faster than in America.(分数:10.00)A.howeverB.thereforeC.butD.henceA.conjunctionB.compensationC.consumptionD.constitutionA.areaB.rangeC.scopeD.fieldA.takeB.holdC.loseD.makeA.profitB.bonusC.benefitD.prizeA.confrontB.confi
9、neC.conformD.confuseA.thinkingB.consideringC.longingD.countingA.outputsB.suppliesC.yieldsD.outcomesA.revolutionB.civilizationC.reservationD.cultivationA.doublingB.reducingC.dismissingD.repeatingA.destroyingB.damagingC.injuringD.ruiningA.excuseB.justificationC.causeD.groundA.purifyB.cleanC.dirtyD.con
10、taminateA.come toB.bring toC.tend toD.stand toA.disappearanceB.discoveryC.dispositionD.disturbanceA.must have been providedB.might have providedC.must have providedD.might have been providedA.whenB.whileC.whichD.whereA.probableB.capableC.likelyD.hopefulA.set upB.take upC.build upD.make upA.vanishing
11、B.stayingC.appearingD.dissolving二、Section Reading Co(总题数:0,分数:0.00)三、Part A(总题数:4,分数:40.00)Passage OneFor the first time, stem cells purified from fat have been used to heal an injury in a living animal. Michael Longaker of Stanford University in California and his team showed in mouse experiments t
12、hat so-called adipose derived adult stromal (ADAS) cells purified from a rodents belly fat could be coaxed to heal a skull fracture too large to mend by itself.The power of ADAS cells to transform into bone, cartilage and even neurons has been studied for years in test tubes. But Jeffrey Gimble, who
13、 studies human ADAS cells at Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge says Longakers report is an important step forward. “Actually repairing a defect in an animal model had never been done. This is an excellent study.“ If the same technique works in humans, these cells could be coaxed to mend brok
14、en bones and correct other defects in tens of thousands of surgical procedures each year in which bone grafts and prosthetics are now necessary.Longakers group tested the ability of ADAS cells to heal four-millimetre-long fractures surgically-induced in the skulls of mice. In 12 weeks, the cells fil
15、led 70 to 90 per cent of the defects, while untreated animals had only unorganized bone formation in less than 10 per cent of the fractures. No extreme genetic manipulation or treatment of the cells was necessary. ADAS cells began manufacturing bone when they were simply laid onto a biodegradable po
16、lymer that contained apatite, a compound that naturally occurs in bone. Furthermore, the ADAS cells performed as well as bone marrow stromal cells, which would seem to be more natural architects of bone. It remains to be seen whether human ADAS cells will build bone as effectively. But researchers a
17、re excited about the prospects. Human bone marrow stromal cells are already being used in clinical trials as sources of skeleton-building material, but the ADAS cells may have some significant advantages.Longaker reports that ADAS cells grow seven times faster than the bone marrow cells in the labor
18、atory. And it is relatively easy to harvest more than a litre of fat tissue, even from patients who are not obese. Bone marrow is much less plentiful and must be removed in a painful surgical procedure. Of course liposuction itself is not a pleasant operation. But according to the American Society o
19、f Plastic Surgeons, more than 300,000 people volunteered to have the procedure in 2003 simply for cosmetic reasons. “If the procedure was the first step to healing broken bones or replacing other tissue its popularity could only grow,“ says Gimble. “Just think of that./(分数:10.00)(1).Gimble speaks hi
20、ghly of Longaker in that _.(分数:2.00)A.his work made an unprecedented achievement in the fieldB.he proved that ADAS cells contributed a lot to cell therapyC.his work paved way for ADAS cell application in clinical trialsD.he cured an animal defect that had never been repaired before(2).As to ADAS cel
21、ls, which of the following is NOT localized in laboratory?(分数:2.00)A.They are easy to operate.B.Their abstraction causes no pains.C.They grow fast.D.Their yields are larg(3).We can infer from Paragraph 3 that _.(分数:2.00)A.ADAS cells are efficient in clinical applicationB.ADAS cells act as naturally
22、as marrow cellsC.ADAS cells can build bone formation orderlyD.ADAS cells therapy will replace genetic treatment(4).According to Gimble, liposuction will probably be used for _.(分数:2.00)A.losing weightB.keeping fitC.abstracting ADAS cellsD.transplanting organ(5).The best title for the passage might b
23、e _.(分数:2.00)A.Bright Future of ADAS CellsB.A Potential Repairing TechniqueC.Advantaged ADAS CellsD.Application of ADAS CellsPassage TwoIn some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned. T
24、here are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging. Important people on both sides, who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor o
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