1、MBA 联考英语-15 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The role of governments in environmental management is difficult but inescapable. Sometimes, the state tries to manage the resources it owns, and does so badly. Often, (1) , governments act in an even more harmful way. They a
2、ctually subsidize the exploitation and (2) of natural resources. A whole (3) of policies, from farm-price support to protection for coal-mining, do environmental damage and (often) (4) no economic sense. Scrapping them offers a two-fold (5) : a cleaner environment and a more efficient economy. Growt
3、h and environmentalism can actually go hand in hand, if politicians have the courage to (6) the vested interest that subsidies create.No activity affects more of the earths surface than farming. It shapes a third of the planets land area, not (7) Antarctica, and the proportion is rising. World food
4、output per head has risen by 4 per cent between the 1970s and 1980s mainly as a result of increases in (8) from land already in (9) , but also because more land has been brought under the plough. Higher yields have been achieved by increased irrigation, better crop breeding, and a (10) in the use of
5、 pesticides and chemical fertilizers in the 1970s and 1980s.All these activities may have (11) environmental impacts. For example; land clearing for agriculture is the largest single (12) of deforestation; chemical fertilizers and pesticides may (13) water supplies; more intensive farming and the ab
6、andonment of fallow periods (14) exacerbate soil erosion; and the spread of monoculture and use of high-yielding varieties of crops have been accompanied by the (15) of old varieties of food plants which (16) some insurance against pests or diseases in future. Soil erosion threatens the productivity
7、 of land in both rich and poor countries. The United States, (17) the most careful measurements have been done, discovered in 1982 that about one-fifth of its farmland was losing topsoil at a rate (18) to diminish the soils productivity. The country subsequently (19) a program to convert 11 per cent
8、 of its cropped land to meadow or forest. Topsoil in India and China is (20) much faster than in America.（分数：10.00）A.howeverB.thereforeC.butD.henceA.conjunctionB.compensationC.consumptionD.constitutionA.areaB.rangeC.scopeD.fieldA.takeB.holdC.loseD.makeA.profitB.bonusC.benefitD.prizeA.confrontB.confi
9、neC.conformD.confuseA.thinkingB.consideringC.longingD.countingA.outputsB.suppliesC.yieldsD.outcomesA.revolutionB.civilizationC.reservationD.cultivationA.doublingB.reducingC.dismissingD.repeatingA.destroyingB.damagingC.injuringD.ruiningA.excuseB.justificationC.causeD.groundA.purifyB.cleanC.dirtyD.con
10、taminateA.come toB.bring toC.tend toD.stand toA.disappearanceB.discoveryC.dispositionD.disturbanceA.must have been providedB.might have providedC.must have providedD.might have been providedA.whenB.whileC.whichD.whereA.probableB.capableC.likelyD.hopefulA.set upB.take upC.build upD.make upA.vanishing
11、B.stayingC.appearingD.dissolving二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：4，分数：40.00)Passage OneFor the first time, stem cells purified from fat have been used to heal an injury in a living animal. Michael Longaker of Stanford University in California and his team showed in mouse experiments t
12、hat so-called adipose derived adult stromal (ADAS) cells purified from a rodents belly fat could be coaxed to heal a skull fracture too large to mend by itself.The power of ADAS cells to transform into bone, cartilage and even neurons has been studied for years in test tubes. But Jeffrey Gimble, who
13、 studies human ADAS cells at Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge says Longakers report is an important step forward. “Actually repairing a defect in an animal model had never been done. This is an excellent study.“ If the same technique works in humans, these cells could be coaxed to mend brok
14、en bones and correct other defects in tens of thousands of surgical procedures each year in which bone grafts and prosthetics are now necessary.Longakers group tested the ability of ADAS cells to heal four-millimetre-long fractures surgically-induced in the skulls of mice. In 12 weeks, the cells fil
15、led 70 to 90 per cent of the defects, while untreated animals had only unorganized bone formation in less than 10 per cent of the fractures. No extreme genetic manipulation or treatment of the cells was necessary. ADAS cells began manufacturing bone when they were simply laid onto a biodegradable po
16、lymer that contained apatite, a compound that naturally occurs in bone. Furthermore, the ADAS cells performed as well as bone marrow stromal cells, which would seem to be more natural architects of bone. It remains to be seen whether human ADAS cells will build bone as effectively. But researchers a
17、re excited about the prospects. Human bone marrow stromal cells are already being used in clinical trials as sources of skeleton-building material, but the ADAS cells may have some significant advantages.Longaker reports that ADAS cells grow seven times faster than the bone marrow cells in the labor
18、atory. And it is relatively easy to harvest more than a litre of fat tissue, even from patients who are not obese. Bone marrow is much less plentiful and must be removed in a painful surgical procedure. Of course liposuction itself is not a pleasant operation. But according to the American Society o
19、f Plastic Surgeons, more than 300,000 people volunteered to have the procedure in 2003 simply for cosmetic reasons. “If the procedure was the first step to healing broken bones or replacing other tissue its popularity could only grow,“ says Gimble. “Just think of that./（分数：10.00）(1).Gimble speaks hi
20、ghly of Longaker in that _.（分数：2.00）A.his work made an unprecedented achievement in the fieldB.he proved that ADAS cells contributed a lot to cell therapyC.his work paved way for ADAS cell application in clinical trialsD.he cured an animal defect that had never been repaired before(2).As to ADAS cel
21、ls, which of the following is NOT localized in laboratory?（分数：2.00）A.They are easy to operate.B.Their abstraction causes no pains.C.They grow fast.D.Their yields are larg(3).We can infer from Paragraph 3 that _.（分数：2.00）A.ADAS cells are efficient in clinical applicationB.ADAS cells act as naturally
22、as marrow cellsC.ADAS cells can build bone formation orderlyD.ADAS cells therapy will replace genetic treatment(4).According to Gimble, liposuction will probably be used for _.（分数：2.00）A.losing weightB.keeping fitC.abstracting ADAS cellsD.transplanting organ(5).The best title for the passage might b
23、e _.（分数：2.00）A.Bright Future of ADAS CellsB.A Potential Repairing TechniqueC.Advantaged ADAS CellsD.Application of ADAS CellsPassage TwoIn some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned. T
24、here are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging. Important people on both sides, who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor o
25、f violenceas if it were a legitimate solution, like any other. What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all. We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instinct remain basic
26、ally unchanged. The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but makes it more acute. The sheer horror, the bloodshed, the suffering means nothing. No solut
27、ion ever comes to light the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us.The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie are finding it harder and harder to get a hearing. They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kind because the
28、y advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement. If half the energy that goes into violent acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at cleaning up the slums and ghettos, at improving living-standards and providing education and employment for all, we would have gone a
29、long way to arriving at a solution. Our strength is sapped by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake. In a well-directed effort, it would not be impossible to fulfill the ideals of a stable social program. The benefits that can be derived from constructive solutions are everywher
30、e apparent in the world around us. Genuine and lasting solutions are always possible, providing we work within the framework of the law.Before we can even begin to contemplate peaceful co-existence between the races, we must appreciate each others problems. And to do this, we must learn about them:
31、it is a simple exercise in communication, in exchanging information. “Talk, talk, talk,“ the advocates of violence say, “all you ever do is talk, and we are none the wiser.“ Its rather like the story of the famous barrister who painstakingly explained his case to the judge. After listening to a leng
32、thy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser. “Possibly, my Lord,“ the barrister replied, “none the wiser, but surely far better informed.“ Knowledge is the necessary prerequisite to wisdom: the knowledge that violence creates the evils it pretends to solve.（分数：1
33、0.00）(1).What is the best title for this passage?（分数：2.00）A.Advocating Violence.B.Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race Prejudice.C.Important People on Both Sides See Violence As a Legitimate Solution.D.The Instincts of Human Race Are Thirsty for Violenc(2).According to the passage, recorded hist
34、ory. has taught us _.（分数：2.00）A.violence never solves anythingB.nothingC.the bloodshed means nothingD.everything(3).It can be inferred that truly reasonable men _.（分数：2.00）A.cant get a hearingB.are looked down uponC.are persecutedD.have difficulty in advocating law enforcement(4).The sentence “He wa
35、s none the wiser“ (Paragraph 3) probably means _.（分数：2.00）A.he was not at all wise in listeningB.he was not at all wiser than nothing beforeC.he gains nothing after listeningD.he makes no sense of the argument(5).According to the author the best way to solve race prejudice is _.（分数：2.00）A.law enforc
36、ementB.knowledgeC.nonviolenceD.mopping up the violent messPassage ThreeWhen it comes to the economy, pessimism is in and good old American optimism is out. From the headlines in the newspapers to the coffee shop chatter, it seems that there is little good to say about the economy. Bad enough that th
37、e news about Iraq, winter storms and the escalation of terror alerts continue to keep people on edge. Reports of state budget deficits and threats of major cutbacks in services such as education, health care and police also make people nervous.The latest USA TODAY/CNN/Gallup Poll reflects the new pe
38、ssimism. Asked early this past week how they would rate economic conditions in the country today, just one in three- 34%- said they consider it good. Thats down 10 percentage points from December, when 44% rated the economy good and 20 points lower than September when 54% said they thought economic
39、conditions were good. Moreover, when asked to look ahead a year from now, those people willing to say things will get better are also dwindling in numbers. A thin majority of 55% said they expected economic conditions to be better by this time next year. Not bad on the surface. But looking back just
40、 two months to December, 65% or two of three believed that things would improve in a year. And going back six months to September, 71% expressed optimism for economic improvement.So the seeds of discontent are out there and they could set off a political firestorm for President Bush if economic cond
41、itions dont start getting better soon. Or more importantly, if the American people dont start feeling better soon. Regardless of what the statistics say about how good the economy might be getting, the American people have to feel it. And often, feelings lag behind numbers. Indeed, most people belie
42、ve that the economy is in recession. Statistically it is not. Case in point: On Friday, the U.S. Commerce Department reported that the economy grew at a 1.4% rate in the final quarter of last year twice as fast as the government first estimated. Major factors in the upward revision in the gross dome
43、stic product were stronger investment by businesses in building up stockpiles of unsold goods and a slight boost to consumer spending, the main force keeping the economy going.But while that report is interesting, and perhaps a source of hope that things arent as bad as they seem, more tangible exam
44、ples of economic improvement are needed solid gains in the stock market, rehiring by plants that have been laying off workers, new business expansion.The USA TODAY poll further shows that nervousness about Iraq and a still-sluggish economy are taking a political toll on Bush: His job approval rating
45、 is 57%, his lowest since before the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks. Surely, what happens with Iraq will be a major factor in the presidents political fortunes next year, but if people continue to be pessimistic about the economy when Bush is in the midst of running for a second term, it will be difficu
46、lt to be optimistic about his chances of winning.（分数：10.00）(1).The phrase “keep people on edge“ (paragraph 1) probably means to _.（分数：2.00）A.upset peopleB.keep people alertC.disappoint peopleD.make people pessimistic(2).Statistics from the poll indicate _.（分数：2.00）A.a downward turn in the economic c
47、onditionsB.the great impact of bad news on economic situationC.a dwindling confidence in the economic prospectsD.how Americans have lost their traditional optimism(3).Which of the following is true about the present economic situation?（分数：2.00）A.The economy is in disappointing recession.B.The situat
48、ion has taken a turn for the better.C.Consumer spending is low and goods cannot be sold.D.The statistics have not reflected the true picture of the situation.(4).Which of the following may serve as a sign for economic improvement?（分数：2.00）A.Strong consumer spending.B.Lower unemployment rates.C.The f
49、luctuation of the stocks.D.Increased investment in the building industry.(5).The best title for the passage might be _.（分数：2.00）A.Pessimism Reigns as the Economy Continues to Limp AlongB.Bushs Economic Policies Are Ruining his opportunity for a Second TermC.The Economic Recession Is Bringing Down Bushs Job Approval RatingD.The Old American Optimism Reigns Even When Economy Is in RecessionPassage FourThe questioning of the role of the publie gallery is not a new phenomenon. It is something that has been argued ove
