【考研类试卷】GCT工程硕士（英语）-试卷40及答案解析.doc

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1、GCT 工程硕士（英语）-试卷 40 及答案解析(总分：134.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Vocabulary and Struc(总题数：11，分数：22.00)1.Part I Vocabulary and StructureDirections: There are ten incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your

2、 answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.（分数：2.00）_2.I would like to express my _to you all for supporting me this summer as a visiting scholar in your department.（分数：2.00）A.satisfactionB.gratitudeC.pleasureD.sincerity3.Every plant, animal, and human being needs water to _al

3、ive.（分数：2.00）A.stayB.makeC.runD.glow4.The fruit _ more than half the country“s armual exports according to a recent report.（分数：2.00）A.accounts forB.stands forC.provides forD.makes for5.Children don“t _ understand what are reciting, but gradually it will have an impact on thinking.（分数：2.00）A.necessar

4、ilyB.profitablyC.unnecessarilyD.unprofitably6.We“ll all take a vacation in the mountains as soon as I finish working _ my project.（分数：2.00）A.onB.withC.inD.about7.The Government has therefore agreed to pay authorities extra sums to _ for their financial losses.（分数：2.00）A.make upB.turn upC.fill inD.le

5、an on8.Effective prevention against physical harms has never been _ urgently needed, especially in schools.（分数：2.00）A.moreB.asC.suchD.quite9.Though the doctors tried everything they couldn“t save him from the deep _wound.（分数：2.00）A.shotB.punchC.pinchD.stab10.The extensive survey suggested “that thei

6、r assumptions _ totally wrong.（分数：2.00）A.wereB.beC.wasD.would be11.It is requested that all the students _ present at the meeting tomorrow.（分数：2.00）A.wereB.will beC.areD.be二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：5，分数：50.00)12.Part II Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four passages, each fol

7、lowed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.（分数：10.00）_For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featu

8、red a column called “Ask Marilyn“. People are invited query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ of 228the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper after it ha

9、s been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks, so it is a hit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the aver age Joe (whose IQ is 100) as. What“s the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? It“s not obvio

10、us how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers. Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test, Just what does it mean to be smart? How much of intelligence can be spe

11、cified, and how much can we earn about it from neurology, genetics, computer and other fields? The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as alley used to be. The test comes primrily in two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelli

12、gence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and children“s version). Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate book stores and the World Wide Web. Superhigh scores like vos Savant“s are no lo

13、nger possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, Rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessmen: Test (SAT)and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE),c

14、apture the main aspects of IQ tests. Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article “How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?“, Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytica and v

15、erbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowl- edge, components also critical to problem solving and life success. Moreover IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were

16、given under low-stress conditions, but under high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated with leadershipthat is, it predicted the opposite. Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether it“s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.（分数：10

17、.00）(1).Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test?（分数：2.00）A.Answering philosophical questions.B.Folding or cutting paper into different shapes.C.Telling the differences between certain concepts.D.Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones.(2).What can be inferred about

18、intelligence testing from Paragraph 3?（分数：2.00）A.People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence.B.More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet.C.The test contents and formats for adults and children may be different.D.Scientists have defined the important elements of h

19、uman intelligence.(3).People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savant“s because.（分数：2.00）A.the scores are obtained through different computational proceduresB.creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized nowC.vos Savant“s case is an extreme one that will not repeatD.t

20、he defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed(4).We can conclude from the last paragraph that_.（分数：2.00）A.test scores may not be reliable indicators of one“s abilityB.IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlatedC.testing involves a lot of guessworkD.traditional tests are out of date(5).What

21、is the author“s attitude towards IQ tests?（分数：2.00）A.Supportive.B.Skeptical.C.Impartial.D.Biased.To paraphrase 18th century statesman Edmund Burke, all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing. One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of t

22、he theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical resea

23、rch because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelly to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal. For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights boot

24、h at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied, “Then I would have to say yes“. Asked what will happen when epidemics return

25、, she said, “Don“t worry, scientists will find some way of using computers“. Such well-meaning people just don“s understand. Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear

26、the connection between animal research and a grandmother“s hip replacement, a father“s bypass operation a baby“s vaccinations, and even a pet“s shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems w

27、asteful at best and cruel at worst. Much can be done. Scientists could “adopt“ middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and ac quire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research inst

28、itutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous stateme

29、nts about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.（分数：10.00）(1).The author begins his article with Edmund Burke“s words to_（分数：2.00）

30、A.call on scientists to take some actions.B.criticize the misguided cause of animal rights.C.warn of the doom of biomedical research.D.show the triumph of the animal rights movement.(2).Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is_（分数：2.00）A.cruel but natural.B.inhuman and unaccep

31、table.C.inevitable but vicious.D.pointless and wasteful.(3).The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public%（分数：2.00）A.discontent with animal research.B.ignorance about medical science.C.indifference to epidemics.D.anxiety about animal rights.(4).The author believes that, in face o

32、f the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should_（分数：2.00）A.communicate more with the public.B.employ hi-tech means in research.C.feel no shame for their cause.D.strive to develop new cures.(5).From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is_（分数：2.00）A.a well-known humanist.B.a medical

33、practitioner.C.an enthusiast in animal rights.D.a supporter of animal research.Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is reg

34、arded as “all too human“, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it all too monk

35、ey, as well The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food tardily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and ser

36、vices“ than males. Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan“s and Dr. Dewaal“s study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of eucumber. However, when

37、two monkeys were placed in sepa rate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their became markedly different. In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in e

38、xchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to; accept the slice of cu cum

39、ber indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to reduce resentment in a female capuchin. The researches suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a co-operative, groupliving species

40、. Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether

41、 such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems form the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.（分数：10.00）(1).In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by_（分数：2.00）A.posing a contrast.

42、B.justifying an assumption.C.making a comparison.D.explaining a phenomenon.(2).The statement “it is all too monkey“(Last line, Paragraph 1) implies that_（分数：2.00）A.monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals.B.resenting unfairness is also monkeys“ nature.C.monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of e

43、ach other.D.no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions.(3).Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are_（分数：2.00）A.more inclined to weigh what they get.B.attentive to researchers“ instructions.C.nice in both appearance and temperament.D.more genero

44、us than their male companions(4).Dr. Brosnan and Dr. Dewaal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys_（分数：2.00）A.prefer grapes to cucumbers.B.can be taught to exchange things.C.will not be co-operative ii feeling cheated.D.are unhappy when separated from others.(5).What can we infer from

45、 the last paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.B.Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.C.Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.D.Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.While it is true that Americans believe climbing

46、 the educational ladder leads to success, they are less certain that intellectual achievement is the only important factor leading to success. A competitive personality is seen as important to success, especially in men. The development of social and political skills is also considered to be very im

47、portant. To help Americans develop these other important skills, schools have added a large number of extracurricular(课程) activities to daily life at school. This is especially true of high schools and colleges and ex tends down into elementary schools as well. Athletics, frequently called “competit

48、ive sports“, are perhaps the most important of these activities. Football, basketball, and baseball teams are seen as very important in teaching students, particularly boys, the “winning spirit“. At times, athletic teams seem to become more important to some students and their parents than the acade

49、mic programs offered by the schools.（分数：10.00）(1).Americans believe that education is_.（分数：2.00）A.the only way to successB.the main purpose of the schoolsC.just like climbing laddersD.important to success(2).Which of the following is NOT mentioned as important to success?（分数：2.00）A.Intellectual achievement.B.Competitiv