【考研类试卷】2015年对外经济贸易大学英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案解析.doc

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1、2015 年对外经济贸易大学英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案解析(总分：44.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、词语翻译(总题数：22，分数：40.00)1.英译汉_2.value added tax(VAT)（分数：2.00）_3.annual financial report（分数：2.00）_4.bull market（分数：2.00）_5.law of diminishing marginal returns（分数：2.00）_6.angel investment（分数：2.00）_7.capital turnover（分数：2.00）_8.butterfly effect（分数：2.00）_

2、9.call center（分数：2.00）_10.SWOT analysis（分数：2.00）_11.business model（分数：2.00）_12.汉译英_13.联合国贸发会议（分数：2.00）_14.普惠制（分数：2.00）_15.北美自由贸易协定（分数：2.00）_口碑_汇票_倾销_19.利基营销（分数：2.00）_20.特许经营（分数：2.00）_21.市场细分（分数：2.00）_22.对等贸易（分数：2.00）_二、英汉互译(总题数：4，分数：4.00)23.英译汉_24.When You Move, I Move: Increasing Synchronization Am

3、ong Asias EconomiesIn recent decades, trade integration within Asia has increased more than in other regions. In valued-added terms, intraregional trade grew on average by over 10 percent a year from 1990 to 2012, twice the pace seen outside of Asia. Likewise, financial integration within the region

4、 has started to catch up, although it still lags behind trade integration. Concomitantly, business cycles in Asia have become steadily more synchronized over the past two decades, with the correlation between ASEAN economiesgrowth rates almost reaching the very high levels seen within the Euro Area.

5、As outlined in the IMF Asia and Pacific Departments latest Regional Economic Outlook, these facts are related. Namely, increases in trade and financial integration have strengthened the propagation of growth shocks between regional partners, leading Asian economies to move more in lockstep. One driv

6、er of this synchronization of business cycles has been the increase in size and connectedness of Chinas economy. Looking ahead, we expect regional integration agenda and a bigger China to further increase spillovers and growth co-movement across the region. Greater international cooperation, particu

7、larly regional and global financial safety nets, can help countries respond to the associated risk of more synchronized , sharper downturns, and thereby help Asia make the most of greater regional integration. Trade integration has been an important synchronizing force for Asian business cyclesOn th

8、e trade side, our study brings a novel finding: what makes two economies co-moveby propagating shocks across bordersis the intensity of their bilateral trade in value-added terms, not in gross terms. The iPhone supply chain example illustrates why this makes sense; although China exports the product

9、 to the US, its domestic firms add only a small fraction of the overall value added, so that gross exports vastly over-estimate the dependence of the Chinese economy on final demand from American consumers. The reverse holds for Korea or Taiwan of China POC, which reap sizeable value added through e

10、xports of components to China mainland even though they dont export any iPhones to the US. Overall, the trend increase in the value-added traded between Asian economies over the past two decades has accounted for around one-quarter of the concomitant increase in business cycle synchronization across

11、 the region.Financial integration has been a more ambivalent force. Across the world, it has magnified the impact on business cycle synchronization of large global shocks like the global financial crisis, as global banks pulled funds back across the board. But in normal times, it has lowered synchro

12、nization somewhat , possibly by facilitating international reallocation of capital when a shock hits one country. However, this has been less of a factor in Asia, where cross-border financial claims and flows have so far been comparatively small.（分数：2.00）_25.汉译英_26.我国人口老龄化对经济增长的潜在影响 理论研究认为，老龄化会减少劳动力

13、供给，降低社会储蓄率，导致产出和资本形成能力下降，最终影响经济增长。同时，发达国家的实际表明，随着人口老龄化，养老费用及人均医疗费用均会大幅上升，从而加重政府财政负担。 与发达国家“富老同步”或者“先富后老”相比，我国人均收入水平仍然较低，属于明显的“未富先老”，对经济增长的影响日益明显。一是未来劳动力供给减少和成本上升，将不利于企业尤其是劳动密集型企业发展。二是老年抚养比上升将影响居民储蓄数量和储蓄倾向，并通过降低企业利润间接影响企业储蓄行为。储蓄下降将减少投资资金来源，并影响资金价格。三是加重财政支出负担。与发达国家相比，我国社会保障水平较低，养老保险和医疗保险面临资金紧张、覆盖面窄等问题

14、，许多地方存在养老金缺口。随着我国社会保障体系逐渐完善，养老金水平不断提高，医疗保障覆盖面扩大，未来老龄化所带来的财政支出将大幅增长，财政压力随之增大。 人口老龄化将是我国需要面对的一个长期问题，应加快采取相关应对措施，继续推进新型城镇化建设和区域经济协调发展，进一步推动农村剩余劳动力的转移和就业。加大人力资本投入，提高劳动者素质。大力促进科技创新，实现产业结构优化升级，通过技术进步来弥补劳动力优势的逐步丧失。加快健全社会保障体系，继续扩大养老保险和医疗保险覆盖面，逐步提高社会保障水平。（分数：2.00）_2015 年对外经济贸易大学英语翻译基础真题试卷答案解析(总分：44.00，做题时间：9

15、0 分钟)一、词语翻译(总题数：22，分数：40.00)1.英译汉_解析：2.value added tax(VAT)（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：增值税：增值税是以商品(含应税劳务)在流转过程中产生的增值额作为计税依据而征收的一种流转税。从计税原理上说，增值税是对商品生产、流通、劳务服务中多个环节的新增价值或商品的附加值征收的一种流转税。)解析：3.annual financial report（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：年度财务会计报告：年度财务会计报告是指年终对外提供的财务会计报告，通常将半年度、季度和月度财务报告统称为中期财务会计报告。年度财务会计报告作为综合

16、反映企业单位年末财务状况、全年经营成果和现金流量的报告，在沟通企业单位管理层与财务会计报告使用者之间起着十分重要的桥梁作用。)解析：4.bull market（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：牛市，旺市：牛市，所谓“牛市”，也称多头市场，指市场行情普遍看涨，延续时间较长的大升市，和“熊市，淡市”相对。)解析：5.law of diminishing marginal returns（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：边际收益递减规律：边际收益递减规律又称边际效益递减规律或边际产量递减规律，指在短期生产过程中，在其他条件(如技术水平)不变的前提下，增加某种生产要素的投入，当该生产要

17、素投入数量增加到一定程度以后，增加一单位该要素所带来的效益增加量是递减的，边际收益递减规律是以技术水平和其他生产要素的投入数量保持不变的条件下进行讨论的一种规律。)解析：6.angel investment（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：天使投资：天使投资是权益资本投资的一种形式，是指富有的个人出资协助具有专门技术或独特概念的原创项目或小型初创企业，进行一次性的前期投资。它是风险投资的一种形式，根据天使投资人的投资数量以及对被投资企业可能提供的综合资源进行投资。)解析：7.capital turnover（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：资本周转：资本周转指不断重复、周而复始

18、的资本循环过程。资本必须在运动中才能实现增值，这种运动不能孤立地循环一次便停下来，而必须持续不断地周期性地进行。)解析：8.butterfly effect（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：蝴蝶效应：蝴蝶效应是指在一个动力系统中，初始条件下微小的变化能带动整个系统的长期的、巨大的连锁反应，是一种混沌现象。任何事物的发展均存在定数与变数，事物在发展过程中其发展轨迹有规律可循，同时也存在不可测的“变数”，一个微小的变化能影响事物的发展，说明事物的发展具有复杂性。)解析：9.call center（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：呼叫中心：呼叫中心是充分利用现代通信与计算机技术，可以

19、自动灵活地处理大量各种不同的电话呼人和呼出业务和服务的运营操作场所。呼叫中心在企业应用中已经逐渐从电话营销中心向着 CTI(计算机通信集成)综合呼叫中心转变，已经将电话、计算机、互联网等多种媒介综合应用于营销、服务等多项工作当中。)解析：10.SWOT analysis（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：四点(优势、劣势、机会、威胁)分析：SWOT 分析方法是一种企业内部的分析方法，即根据企业自身的既定内在条件进行分析，找出企业的优势、劣势及核心竞争力之所在，从而将公司的战略与公司内部资源、外部环境有机结合。其中，S 代表 strength(优势)，W 代表 weakness(弱势)，O

20、 代表opportunity(机会)，T 代表 threat(威胁)，其中，S、W 是内部因素，O、T 是外部因素。)解析：11.business model（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：商业模式：商业模式是管理学的重要研究对象之一，是一种包含了一系列要素及其关系的概念性工具，用以阐明某个特定实体的商业逻辑。它描述了公司所能为客户提供的价值以及公司的内部结构、合作伙伴网络和关系资本(Relationship Capital)等借以实现(创造、推销和交付)这一价值并产生可持续盈利收入的要素。)解析：12.汉译英_解析：13.联合国贸发会议（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Un

21、ited Nations Conference on Trade and Development(UNCTAD): Established in 1964 as a permanent intergovernmental body, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development(UNCTAD)is the principal organ of the United Nations General Assembly dealing with trade, investment , and development issues. Th

22、e organizations goals are to maximize the trade, investment and development opportunities of developing countries and assist them in their efforts to integrate into the world economy on an equitable basis. The primary objective of UNCTAD is to formulate policies relating to all aspects of developmen

23、t including trade, aid, transport, finance and technology. The conference ordinarily meets once in four years; the permanent secretariat is in Geneva.)解析：14.普惠制（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Generalized System of Preferences(GSP): The Generalized System of Preferences(GSP)is a preferential tariff system which

24、 provides for a formal system of exemption from the more general rules of the World Trade Organization(WTO). Specifically, its a system of exemption from the most favored nation principle(MFN)that obliges WTO member countries to treat the imports of all other WTO member countries no worse than they

25、treat the imports of their “most favored“ trading partner.)解析：15.北美自由贸易协定（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：North American Free Trade Agreement(NAFTA): The North American Free Trade Agreement(NAFTA)is an agreement signed by Canada, Mexico, and the United States, creating a trilateral rules-based trade bloc in Nor

26、th America. The agreement came into force on January 1, 1994. It superseded the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement between the U. S. and Canada.)解析：口碑_正确答案：(正确答案：word of mouth: Word of mouth is the passing of information from person to person by oral communication , which could be as simple a

27、s telling someone the time of day. In marketing, word-of-mouth communication(WOM)involves the passing of information between a non-commercial communicator and a receiver concerning a brand, a product, or a service.)解析：汇票_正确答案：(正确答案：bill of exchange: bill of exchange is also called draft or draught,

28、short-term negotiable financial instrument consisting of an order in writing addressed by one person(the seller of goods)to another(the buyer)requiring the latter to pay on demand(a sight draft)or at a fixed or determinable future time(a time draft)a certain sum of money to a specified person or to

29、the bearer of the bill.)解析：倾销_正确答案：(正确答案：dumping; In economics, dumping is a kind of predatory pricing, especially in the context of international trade. It occurs when manufacturers export a product to another country at a price either below the price charged in its home market or below its cost of

30、 production.)解析：19.利基营销（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：niche marketing: Niche marketing, also called micromarketing, concentrates all marketing efforts on a small but specific and well defined segment of the population. Niches do not exist but are created by identifying needs, wants, and requirements that are

31、being addressed poorly or not at all by other firms, and developing and delivering goods or services to satisfy them. As a strategy, niche marketing is aimed at being a big fish in a small pond instead of being a small fish in a big pond.)解析：20.特许经营（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：franchising: Franchising is th

32、e practice of the right to use a firms successful business model and brand for a prescribed period of time. Essentially, and in terms of distribution, the franchisor is a supplier who allows an operator, or a franchisee, to use the suppliers trademark and distribute the suppliers goods. In return, t

33、he operator pays the supplier a fee.)解析：21.市场细分（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：market segmentation; Market segmentation is a marketing strategy that involves dividing a broad target market into subsets of consumers, businesses, or countries who have common needs and priorities, and then designing and implement

34、ing strategies to target them.)解析：22.对等贸易（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：counter trade; Counter trade means exchanging goods or services which are paid for, in whole or part, with other goods or services, rather than with money.)解析：二、英汉互译(总题数：4，分数：4.00)23.英译汉_解析：24.When You Move, I Move: Increasing Synchroniza

35、tion Among Asias EconomiesIn recent decades, trade integration within Asia has increased more than in other regions. In valued-added terms, intraregional trade grew on average by over 10 percent a year from 1990 to 2012, twice the pace seen outside of Asia. Likewise, financial integration within the region has started to catch up, although it still lags behind trade integration. Concomitantly, business cycles in Asia