【考研类试卷】2013年吉林大学考博英语真题试卷及答案解析.doc

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1、2013 年吉林大学考博英语真题试卷及答案解析(总分：160.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Structure and Vocabu(总题数：30，分数：60.00)1.The indomitable spirit displayed by athletes embodies the new look of this nation.（分数：2.00）A.unsubduedB.braveC.determinedD.industrious2.Dont trust the speaker any more, since his deeds are never compatible with his

2、 ideology.（分数：2.00）A.Suitable forB.consistent withC.in harmony withD.in favor of3.To my surprise, the young man was resourceful enough to find infinite ways to express his emotions with gestures.（分数：2.00）A.imaginativeB.imaginaryC.plentifulD.versatile4.In the Han Dynasty, the royal government sent sp

3、ecial envoys to the western countries to disseminate the Chinese culture.（分数：2.00）A.spreadB.discloseC.analyzeD.deliver5.Although the project has been approved, many companies find the cost of implementation is prohibitively expensive.（分数：2.00）A.determinedlyB.amazinglyC.forbiddinglyD.incredibly6.The

4、market for processor chips is now a two-horse race, and Intel and AMD will probably alternate in technical leadership, suggests a research firm.（分数：2.00）A.get overB.take turnsC.concedeD.stumble7.He was concerned only with mundane matters, especially the daily stock market quotations.（分数：2.00）A.ratio

5、nalB.obscureC.worldlyD.eminent8.We have made great efforts to exterminate mosquitoes and flies in the tropical areas.（分数：2.00）A.eliminateB.eraseC.demolishD.ruin9.Dont drive the car if you are drunk, because death was instantaneous in a fatal accident.（分数：2.00）A.instanceB.spontaneousC.homogenousD.imm

6、ediate10.Given the current recessive real estate market, the Central Government has recently issued stimulus policies, in hopes of boosting the market demand.（分数：2.00）A.agitatingB.dwindlingC.boomingD.chaotic11.When a_has been accepted for publication, it is passed to an editor for detailed scrutiny.

7、（分数：2.00）A.mortgageB.monopolyC.manuscriptD.maneuver12.One of the wrong notions about science is that many scientific discoveries have come about_.（分数：2.00）A.accidentallyB.accordinglyC.artificiallyD.additionally13.The soccer team has had five_victories in the last three years.（分数：2.00）A.successiveB.e

8、xcessiveC.subsequentD.eventual14.As an important part of police strategy, rapid police response is seen by police officers and the public_as offering tremendous benefits.（分数：2.00）A.similarlyB.the sameC.a likeD.likewise15.It is_that the Internet is exerting a growing important influence on peoples li

9、ves.（分数：2.00）A.indistinctiveB.indissolubleC.indispensableD.indisputable16.The American dream is most_during the periods of productivity and wealth generated by American capitalism.（分数：2.00）A.plausibleB.patrioticC.primitiveD.partial17.Whoever formulated the theory of the origin of the universe, it is

10、 just_and needs proving.（分数：2.00）A.spontaneousB.intuitiveC.hypotheticalD.empirical18.The wealth of a country should be measured_the health and happiness of its people as well as the material goods it can produce.（分数：2.00）A.in line withB.in terms ofC.regardless ofD.by means of19.Research can have no

11、economic impact if the new scientific discoveries are not_into marketable good and service.（分数：2.00）A.launchedB.translatedC.dissectedD.conveyed20.The appearance of this used cat is quite_, and it is much newer than it really is.（分数：2.00）A.descriptiveB.impressiveC.deceptiveD.indicative21.The storm wa

12、s_and changed course constantly at sea at that time.（分数：2.00）A.chasteB.candidC.chaoticD.cardinal22.The management should give_to the workers safety operation over every other consideration.（分数：2.00）A.precedenceB.coherenceC.affluenceD.coincidence23.One third of the Chinese in the United States live i

13、n California, _in the San Francisco area.（分数：2.00）A.remarkablyB.severelyC.drasticallyD.predominantly24.Hill slopes were cleared of forests to make way for crops, which now only_the crisis.（分数：2.00）A.acceleratesB.prevailsC.ascendsD.precedes25.The_prevents the people in the two neighboring nations fro

14、m living in peace.（分数：2.00）A.brevityB.amenityC.enmityD.fidelity26.Some British universities are state-supported, others are privately_and still others are supported by religious origination.（分数：2.00）A.ensuredB.attributedC.authorizedD.endowed27.Having a(n)_attitude towards people with different ideas

15、 is an indication that one has been well educated.（分数：2.00）A.tolerantB.analyticalC.bearableD.elastic28.Some scientists are dubious of the claim mat organisms_with age as an inevitable outcome of living.（分数：2.00）A.depressB.defaultC.degradeD.deteriorate29.One of the responsibilities of the Coast Guard

16、 is to make sure that all ships_follow traffic rules in busy harbors.（分数：2.00）A.dutifullyB.cautiouslyC.faithfullyD.skillfully30.One of the biggest_to the economic reform of this area has been the lack of access to international markets.（分数：2.00）A.propheciesB.transactionsC.argumentsD.hindrances二、Cloz

17、e(总题数：1，分数：40.00)One of the basic characteristics of capitalism is the private ownership of the major means of production capital. The ownership of large amount of capital can bring【C1】_profits, as well as economic and political power. Some recent theorists,【C2】_, have argued that our society has mo

18、ved to a new stage of【C3】_that they call “post-industrial“ society. One important change in such a society is that the ownership of【C4】_amounts of capital is no longer the only or even the most important【C5】_of profits and influences; knowledge as well as【C6】_capital brings profits and influence. Th

19、ere are many【C7】_with the thesis above, not the least of【C8】_is that wealthy capitalists can buy the experts and knowledge they need to keep their profits and influence. But this does not【C9】_the importance of knowledge in an advanced industrial society, as the【C10】_of some new industries indicates【

20、C11】_, genetic engineering and the new computer technology have【C12】_many new firms and made some scientists quite rich. In【C13】_with criticism of the post-industrial society thesis, however, it must also be【C14】_that those already in control of huge amounts of capital(i. e. , major corporations)soo

21、n【C15】_to take most profits in these industries based on new knowledge. Moving down from the level of wealth and power, we still find knowledge increasingly【C16】_. Many new high tech jobs are being created at the upper-middle-class level, but even more new jobs are being created in the low-skill, lo

22、w-paying service【C17】_. Something like a class line is emerging centered around knowledge. Individuals who fall too far behind in the【C18】_of knowledge at a young age will find it almost impossible to catch up later, no matter how hard they try illiteracy in the English language has been a severe【C1

23、9】_for many years in the United States, but we are also moving to the point when computer illiteracy will hinder many more people and【C20】_them to a life of low-skill and low-paid labor.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.quantitativeB.extensiveC.comprehensiveD.sophisticated(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.moreoverB.how

24、everC.thereforeD.furthermore(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.aggressionB.proficiencyC.productivityD.evolution(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.dominantB.impressiveC.magnificentD.significant(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.sourceB.factorC.componentD.element(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.adequateB.profitableC.materialD.spiritual(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.advantag

25、esB.consequencesC.problemsD.potentials(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.themB.thoseC.whichD.that(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.denyB.refuseC.admitD.acknowledge(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.emergenceB.innovationC.extinctionD.discovery(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.In additionB.For exampleC.Above allD.In short(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.producedB.create

26、dC.improvedD.facilitated(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.lineB.needC.doubtD.match(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.idealizedB.recognizedC.supervisedD.summarized(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.stepped inB.settled downC.leaned overD.turned out(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.accessibleB.importantC.popularD.abundant(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.enterprisesB.

27、employmentC.professionsD.industries(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.controlB.masteryC.searchD.pursuit(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.handicapB.penaltyC.inconvenienceD.shortcoming(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.enforceB.punishC.imposeD.condemn三、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)Will there ever be another Einstein? This is the under

28、current of conversation at Einstein memorial meetings throughout the year. A new Einstein will emerge, scientists say. But it may take a long time. After all, more than 200 years separated Einstein from his nearest rival, Isaac Newton. Many physicists say the next Einstein hasnt been born yet, or is

29、 a baby now. Thats because the quest for a unified theory that would account for all the forces of nature has pushed current mathematics to its limits. New math must be created before the problem can be solved. But researchers say there are many other factors working against another Einstein emergin

30、g anytime soon. For one thing, physics is a much different field today. In Einsteins day, there were only a few thousand physicists worldwide, and the theoreticians who could intellectually rival Einstein probably would fit into a streetcar with seats to share. Education is different, too. One cruci

31、al aspect of Einsteins training that is overlooked is the years of philosophy he read as a teenager Kant, Schopenhauer and Spinoza, among others. It taught him how to think independently and abstractly about space and time, and it wasnt long before he became a philosopher himself. “ The independence

32、 created by philosophical insight is in my opinion the mark of distinction between a mere artisan(工匠)or specialist and a real seeker after truth,“ Einstein wrote in 1944. And he was an accomplished musician. The interplay between music and math is well-known. Einstein would furiously play his violin

33、 as a way to think through a knotty physics problem. Today, universities have produced millions of physicists. There arent many jobs in science for them, so they go to Wall Street and Silicon Valley to apply their analytical skills to more practical and rewarding efforts. “ Maybe there is an Einstei

34、n out there today,“ said Columbia University physicist Brian Greene, “but it would be a lot harder for him to be heard. “ Especially considering what Einstein was proposing. “The actual fabric of space and time curving? My God, what an idea!“ Greene said at a recent gathering at the Aspen Institute.

35、 “ It takes a certain type of person who will bang his head against the wall because you believe youll find the solution. “ Perhaps the best examples are the five scientific papers Einstein wrote in his “miracle year“ of 1905. These “thought experiments“ were pages of calculations signed and submitt

36、ed to the prestigious journal Annalen der Physik by a virtual unknown. There were no footnotes or citations. What might happen to such a submission today? “We all get papers like those in the mail,“ Greene said. “We put them in the junk file. “（分数：10.00）(1).What do scientists seem to agree upon, jud

37、ging from the first two paragraghs?（分数：2.00）A.Einstein pushed mathematics almost to its limits.B.It will take another Einstein to build a unified theory.C.No physicist is likely to surpass Einstein in the next 200 years.D.It will be some time before a new Einstein emerges.(2).What was critical to Ei

38、nsteins success?（分数：2.00）A.His talent as an accomplished musician.B.His independent and abstract thinking.C.His untiring effort to fulfill his potential.D.His solid foundation in math theory.(3).What does the author tell us about physicists today?（分数：2.00）A.They tend to neglect training in analytica

39、l skills.B.They are very good at solving practical problems.C.They attach great importance to publishing academic papers.D.They often go into fields yielding greater financial benefits.(4).What does Brian Greene imply by saying “. It would be a lot harder for him to be heard“(Para. 9)?（分数：2.00）A.Peo

40、ple have to compete in order to get their papers published.B.It is hard for a scientist to have his papers published today.C.Papers like Einsteins would unlikely get published today.D.Nobody will read papers on apparently ridiculous theories.(5).When he submitted his papers in 1905, Einstein_.（分数：2.

41、00）A.forgot to make footnotes and citationsB.was little known in academic circlesC.was known as a young genius in math calculationsD.knew nothing about the format of academic papersFor years, doctors advised their patients that the only thing taking multivitamins does is give them extensive urine(尿)

42、. After all, true vitamin deficiencies are practically unheard of in industrialized countries. Now it seems that those doctors may have been wrong. The results of a growing number of studies suggest that even a modest vitamin shortfall can be harmful to your health. Although proof of the benefits of

43、 multivitamins is still far from certain, the few dollars you spend on them is probably a good investment. Or at least thats the argument put forward in the New England Journal of Medicine. Ideally, said Dr. Walter Willett and Dr. Meir Stampfer of Harvard, all vitamin supplements would be evaluated

44、in scientifically rigorous clinical trials. But those studies can take a long time and often raise more questions than they answer. At some point, while researchers work on figuring out where the truth lies, it just makes sense to say the potential benefit outweighs the cost. The best evidence to da

45、te concerns folate(叶酸), one of the B vitamins. Its been proved to limit the number of defects in embryos(胚胎), and a recent trial found that folate in combination with vitamin B12 and a form of B6 also decreases the re-blockage of arteries after surgical repair. The news on vitamin E has been more mi

46、xed. Healthy folks who take 400 international units daily for at least two years appear somewhat less likely to develop heart disease. But when doctors give vitamin E to patients who already have heart disease, the vitamin doesnt seem to help. It may turn out that vitamin E plays a role in preventio

47、n but cannot undo serious damage. Despite vitamin Cs great popularity, consuming large amounts of it still has not been positively linked to any great benefit. The body quickly becomes saturated with C and simply excretes(排泄)any excess. The multivitamins question boils down to this: Do you need to w

48、ait until all the evidence is in before you take them, or are you willing to accept that theres enough evidence that they dont hurt and could help? If the latter, theres no need to go to extremes and buy the biggest horse pills or the most expensive bottles. Large doses can cause trouble, including

49、excessive bleeding and nervous system problems. Multivitamins are no substitute for exercise and a balanced diet, of course. As long as you understand that any potential benefit is modest and subject to further refinement, taking a daily multivitamin makes a lot of sense.（分数：10.00）(1).At one time doctors discouraged taking multivitamins because they believed th