[外语类试卷]2011年吉林大学考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析.doc

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1、2011年吉林大学考博英语真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 The government allocated a special sum of money in order to reinforce the prosecution of the effective policy. （ A） practice （ B） proceeding （ C） use （ D） implementation 2 The patients unusual symptoms confounded even the most experienced doctor

2、of the hospital. （ A） confused （ B） hit （ C） stimulated （ D） confronted 3 Forests are delicate systems that if disturbed can be permanently destroyed. （ A） expansive （ B） complex （ C） unusual （ D） fragile 4 The Charter had been ratified by a majority of the participants who were the ones that asked

3、for its draft. （ A） challenged （ B） approved （ C） distributed （ D） attacked 5 As the guests entered, the elderly hostess welcomed them with cordiality. （ A） refreshments （ B） sincerity （ C） happiness （ D） enthusiasm 6 He spends a lot of time going through football magazines, making intricate lists,

4、and working out comprehensive statistics. （ A） detailed （ B） misleading （ C） complicated （ D） ambiguous 7 You dont have to be afraid of being eaten there in New Zealand because it has few predatory creatures. （ A） wild （ B） preying （ C） native （ D） poisonous 8 Probably there is a good reason for her

5、 absence, as she doesnt usually stay away from work. （ A） Conspicuously （ B） Prospectively （ C） Incidentally （ D） Presumably 9 You are not supposed to take advantage of such a little girl by making her work for 50 cents an hour. （ A） exploit （ B） export （ C） expose （ D） exchange 10 Students of the B

6、erry School for Mountain Children helped pay for their education by doing part-time labor that pertained to their particular course of study. （ A） result in （ B） began with （ C） paid for （ D） was related to 11 Even though formidable winters are the norm in the Dakotas, many people were unprepared fo

7、r the_of the blizzard of 1888. （ A） inevitability （ B） ferocity （ C） importance （ D） probability 12 While nurturing parents can compensate for adversity, cold or inconsistent parents may _it. （ A） exacerbate （ B） neutralize （ C） eradicate （ D） relieve 13 In certain forms of writing, the central poin

8、t of a message can be effectively communicated even though this point is not_. （ A） preferred （ B） explicit （ C） inferable （ D） discerned 14 When the plane was hit by the enemys bomb it made a_dive and plunged into the ocean. （ A） vigorous （ B） vertical （ C） visual （ D） virtual 15 The final document

9、 was of course, supposed to mend the damage_upon the world by the war. （ A） imposed （ B） impressed （ C） compelled （ D） compressed 16 The magician picked several persons_from the audience and asked them to help him with the performance. （ A） by accident （ B） on occasion （ C） at random （ D） on average

10、 17 I left for the office earlier than usual this morning_traffic jam. （ A） in line with （ B） for the sake of （ C） in case of （ D） at the risk of 18 Because it is too hot in that storehouse, the_of those fruits seems to be inevitable. （ A） deterioration （ B） detraction （ C） detriment （ D） detention

11、19 A report submitted to the Peoples Congress in this year_recommended a concerted national effort to crackdown corruption and bureaucracy. （ A） officially （ B） emphatically （ C） respectfully （ D） delightedly 20 The murder charge against Beckwith has been_for lack of evidence. （ A） discarded （ B） re

12、fused （ C） eliminated （ D） dismissed 21 The people who objected to the new road were told that since work had already started there was no point in_. （ A） contradicting （ B） protesting （ C） provoking （ D） refusing 22 The reception was attended by various _ members of the local community and represen

13、tatives of regional industries. （ A） notorious （ B） peculiar （ C） prominent （ D） profound 23 The company directors asked the government to_in the dispute and prevent a strike. （ A） intervene （ B） interact （ C） intercept （ D） interrupt 24 Executives of the company enjoyed an _ lifestyle of free gifts

14、, fine wines and high salaries. （ A） exquisite （ B） extravagant （ C） exotic （ D） eccentric 25 One of the examination questions_me completely and I couldt answer it. （ A） baffled （ B） mingled （ C） provoked （ D） diverted 26 At first everything went well with the project but recently we have had a numb

15、er of_ with the machinery. （ A） disturbances （ B） setbacks （ C） outputs （ D） distortions 27 The government cannot take private property for public use without_. （ A） premium （ B） repayment （ C） refund （ D） compensation 28 When college students_future employment, they often think of status, income an

16、d prestige. （ A） anticipate （ B） apply （ C） demand （ D） assume 29 The consumers demand not only that the products conform to these standards but also that the environment and production conditions of manufacture_standard requirements. （ A） comply with （ B） compare with （ C） discord with （ D） paralle

17、l with 30 Astronauts are_all kinds of tests before they are actually sent up in a space craft. （ A） inclined to （ B） bound to （ C） prone to （ D） subjected to 二、 Cloze 30 To manager hoping to blossom as a business leader must develop the skill to communicate effectively. One of the foremost tasks of

18、a leader is to create【 C1】_to a cause. To do that he must first communicate to build mutual understanding. 【 C2】 _a manager communicates mostly to【 C3】 _information, a leader uses communications to build relationships. A manager overwhelms others with details and still【 C4】 _them cold. A leader【 C5】

19、 _their hearts by combining his vision with their【 C6】 _in a common cause. Most Asian business leaders are instinctively【 C7】 _relationship building【 C8】 _direct communications. But they dont use the mass media so well. While face to face communications is【 C9】 _, it is not enough in todays big busi

20、ness. 【 C10】 _their western【 C11】 _, they are not so much frightened by mass medias potential to magnify, distort, and expose. The problem lies more in the【 C12】 _of professional support【 C13】 _to them. In most Asian companies the public affairs function either does not exist or is【 C14】 _routine ch

21、ores removed from helping the CEO to communicate with wider audiences. The reason primarily is that the【 C15】 _communications officers are placed quite low in the organizational hierarchy. Asias need for business leaders who are【 C16】 _in using mass media to involve the public【 C17】 _the economic de

22、velopment dream has never been greaten. Television and the print media have an enormous【 C18】 _on the publics perception of business. Our business leaders have not yet faced an unsympathetic press. They should start now【 C19】 _the day not be too far away【 C20】 _they are suddenly forced to enter the

23、perilous arena of public communications. 31 【 C1】 （ A） dedication （ B） responsibility （ C） commitment （ D） commission 32 【 C2】 （ A） Since （ B） When （ C） Because （ D） While 33 【 C3】 （ A） transport （ B） carry （ C） convey （ D） express 34 【 C4】 （ A） leaves （ B） keeps （ C） makes （ D） renders 35 【 C5】 （ A

24、） moves （ B） touches （ C） stimulates （ D） loses 36 【 C6】 （ A） aspirations （ B） inspirations （ C） perspiration （ D） persuasion 37 【 C7】 （ A） good at （ B） poor in （ C） excel in （ D） indifferent to 38 【 C8】 （ A） throughout （ B） through （ C） thereby （ D） during 39 【 C9】 （ A） vital （ B） utmost （ C） ultim

25、ate （ D） chief 40 【 C10】 （ A） Unlike （ B） Like （ C） As （ D） With 41 【 C11】 （ A） colleagues （ B） cooperators （ C） coordinators （ D） counterparts 42 【 C12】 （ A） abundance （ B） want （ C） need （ D） lack 43 【 C13】 （ A） available （ B） accessible （ C） disposable （ D） transferable 44 【 C14】 （ A） resigned （

26、B） assigned （ C） awarded （ D） distributed 45 【 C15】 （ A） cooperation （ B） corporate （ C） incorporate （ D） commercial 46 【 C16】 （ A） competitive （ B） competitors （ C） competing （ D） competent 47 【 C17】 （ A） in （ B） into （ C） with （ D） within 48 【 C18】 （ A） affect （ B） impact （ C） impetus （ D） impulse

27、 49 【 C19】 （ A） now that （ B） unless （ C） though （ D） as 50 【 C20】 （ A） whenever （ B） whichever （ C） when （ D） whatever 三、 Reading Comprehension 50 The relationship between the home and market economies has gone through two distinct stages. Early industrialization began the process of transferring s

28、ome production processes(e. g. clothmaking, sewing and canning foods)from the home to the marketplace. Although the home economy could still produce these goods, the processes were laborious and the market economy was usually more efficient. Soon, the more important second stage was evident the mark

29、etplace began producing goods and services that had never been produced by the home economy, and the home economy was unable to produce them(e. g. electricity and electrical appliances, the automobile, advanced education, sophisticated medical care). In the second stage, the question of whether the

30、home economy was less efficient in producing these new goods and services was irrelevant; if the family were to enjoy these fruits of industrialization, they would have to be obtained in the marketplace. The traditional ways of taking care of these needs in the home, such as in nursing the sick, bec

31、ame socially unacceptable(and, in most serious cases, probably less successful). Just as the appearance of the automobile made the use of the horse-drawn carriage illegal and then impractical, and the appearance of television changed the radio from a source of entertainment to a source of background

32、 music, so most of the fruits of economic growth did not increase the options available to the home economy to either produce the goods or services or purchase them in the market. Growth brought with it increased variety in consumer goods, but not increased flexibility for the home economy in obtain

33、ing these goods and services. Instead, economic growth brought with it increased consumer reliance on the marketplace. In order to consume these new goods and services, the family had to enter the marketplace as wage earners and consumers. The neoclassical model that views the family as deciding whe

34、ther to produce goods and services directly or to purchase them in the marketplace is basically a model of the first stage. It cannot accurately be applied to the second(and current)stage. 51 The reason why many production process were taken over by the marketplace was that （ A） it was a necessary s

35、tep in the process of industrialization （ B） they depended on electricity available only to the market economy （ C） it was troublesome to produce such goods in the home （ D） the marketplace was more efficient with respect to these processes 52 It can be seen from the passage that in the second stage

36、_. （ A） some traditional goods and services were not successful when provided by the home economy （ B） the market economy provided new goods and services never produced by the home economy （ C） producing traditional goods at home became socially unacceptable （ D） whether new goods and services were

37、produced by the home economy became irrelevant 53 During the second stage, if the family wanted to consume new goods and services, they had to enter the market place_. （ A） as customers （ B） as wage earners （ C） both as manufacturers and consumers （ D） both as workers and purchasers 54 Economic grow

38、th did not make it more flexible for the home economy to obtain the new goods and services because_. （ A） the family was not efficient in production （ B） it was illegal for the home economy to produce them （ C） it could not supply them by itself （ D） the market for these goods and services was limit

39、ed 55 The neoclassical model is basically a model of the first stage, because at this stage_. （ A） the family could rely either on the home economy on the marketplace for the needed goods and services （ B） many production processes were being transferred to the marketplace （ C） consumers relied more

40、 and more on the market economy （ D） the family could decide how to transfer production processes to the marketplace 55 As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors,

41、such as poor eating habits, smoking, and failure to exercise. The line of thought involved in this shift can be pursued further. Imagine a person who is about the right weight, but does not ear very nutritious goods, who feels OK but exercises only occasionally. This person is not ill. She /He may n

42、ot even be at risk for any particular disease. But we can imagine that this person could be a lot healthier. The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely “not ill“ and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the bodys special needs. Both ty

43、pes have simply been called “well“. In recent years, however, some health specialists have begun to apply the terms “ well“ and “ wellness“ only to those who are actively striving to maintain and improve their health. People who are well are concerned with nutrition and exercise, and they make a poi

44、nt of monitoring their bodys condition. Most important, perhaps, people who are well take active responsibility for all matters related to their health. Even people who have a physical disease or handicap may be “well“ in this new sense, if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health th

45、ey can in the face of their physical limitations. “Wellness“ may perhaps best be viewed not as a state that people can achieve, but as an ideal that people can strive for. People who are well are likely to be better able to resist disease and to fight disease when it strikes. And by focusing attenti

46、on on healthy ways of living, the concept of wellness can have a beneficial impact on the ways in which people face the challenges of daily life. 56 Today medical care is placing more stress on_. （ A） removing peoples bad living habits （ B） monitoring patients body functions （ C） ensuring peoples ps

47、ychological well-being （ D） keeping people in a healthy physical condition 57 Traditionally, a person is considered “well“ if she / he_. （ A） does not have any unhealthy living habits （ B） does not have any physical handicaps （ C） is able to handle his daily routines （ D） is free from any kind of di

48、sease 58 According to the author, the true meaning of “wellness“ is for people to_. （ A） beat satisfy their bodys special needs （ B） strive to maintain the best possible health （ C） meet the strictest standards of bodily health （ D） keep a proper balance between work and leisure 59 Which of the foll

49、owing groups of people would be considered healthy? （ A） People who have strong muscles well as slim figures. （ B） People who are not presently experiencing any symptoms of disease. （ C） People who try to be as healthy as possible, regardless of their limitations. （ D） People who can recover from illness even without seeking medical ca