ISO 17123-1-2014 Optics and optical instruments - Field procedures for testing geodetic and surveying instruments - Part 1 Theory《光学和光学仪器 测地与勘测仪器的现场测试规程 第1部分 理论.pdf
《ISO 17123-1-2014 Optics and optical instruments - Field procedures for testing geodetic and surveying instruments - Part 1 Theory《光学和光学仪器 测地与勘测仪器的现场测试规程 第1部分 理论.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ISO 17123-1-2014 Optics and optical instruments - Field procedures for testing geodetic and surveying instruments - Part 1 Theory《光学和光学仪器 测地与勘测仪器的现场测试规程 第1部分 理论.pdf(46页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、 ISO 2014 Optics and optical instruments Field procedures for testing geodetic and surveying instruments Part 1: Theory Optique et instruments doptique Mthodes dessai sur site pour les instruments godsiques et dobservation Partie 1: Thorie INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17123-1 Third edition 2014-08-15
2、Reference number ISO 17123-1:2014(E) ISO 17123-1:2014(E)ii ISO 2014 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2014 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, in
3、cluding photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax +
4、 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ISO 17123-1:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 T erms and definitions . 1 3.1 General metrological terms 1 3.2 Terms specific to thi
5、s part of ISO 17123 . 3 3.3 The term “uncertainty” 5 3.4 Symbols . 6 4 Evaluating uncertainty of measurement . 8 4.1 General . 8 4.2 Type A evaluation of standard uncertainty 9 4.3 Type B evaluation of standard uncertainty .18 4.4 Law of propagation of uncertainty and combined standard uncertainty .
6、19 4.5 Expanded uncertainty .21 5 Reporting uncertainty .22 6 Summarized concept of uncertainty evaluation .22 7 Statistical tests .23 7.1 General 23 7.2 Question a): is the experimental standard deviation, s, smaller than or equal to a given value ? .23 7.3 Question b): Do two samples belong to the
7、 same population? 24 7.4 Question c) respectively question d):Testing the significance of a parameter y k24 Annex A (informative) Probability distributions .26 Annex B (normative) 2distribution, Fishers distribution and Students t-distribution .27 Annex C (informative) Examples 28 Bibliography .39 I
8、SO 17123-1:2014(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a su
9、bject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (
10、IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should b
11、e noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identi
12、fying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenie
13、nce of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword -
14、Supplementary information The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 172, Optics and photonics, Subcommittee SC 6, Geodetic and surveying instruments. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 17123-1:2010). ISO 17123 consists of the following parts, under the genera
15、l title Optics and optical instruments Field procedures for testing geodetic and surveying instruments: Part 1: Theory Part 2: Levels Part 3: Theodolites Part 4: Electro-optical distance meters (EDM measurements to ref lectors) Part 5: Total stations Part 6: Rotating lasers Part 7: Optical plumbing
16、instruments Part 8: GNSS field measurement systems in real-time kinematic (RTK)iv ISO 2014 All rights reserved ISO 17123-1:2014(E) Introduction This part of ISO 17123 specifies field procedures for adoption when determining and evaluating the uncertainty of measurement results obtained by geodetic i
17、nstruments and their ancillary equipment, when used in building and surveying measuring tasks. Primarily, these tests are intended to be field verifications of suitability of a particular instrument for the immediate task. They are not proposed as tests for acceptance or performance evaluations that
18、 are more comprehensive in nature. The definition and concept of uncertainty as a quantitative attribute to the final result of measurement was developed mainly in the last two decades, even though error analysis has already long been a part of all measurement sciences. After several stages, the CIP
19、M (Comit Internationale des Poids et Mesures) referred the task of developing a detailed guide to ISO. Under the responsibility of the ISO Technical Advisory Group on Metrology (TAG 4), and in conjunction with six worldwide metrology organizations, a guidance document on the expression of measuremen
20、t uncertainty was compiled with the objective of providing rules for use within standardization, calibration, laboratory, accreditation and metrology services. ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 was first published as an International Standard (ISO document) in 1995. With the introduction of uncertainty in measurem
21、ent in ISO 17123 (all parts), it is intended to finally provide a uniform, quantitative expression of measurement uncertainty in geodetic metrology with the aim of meeting the requirements of customers. ISO 17123 (all parts) provides not only a means of evaluating the precision (experimental standar
22、d deviation) of an instrument, but also a tool for defining an uncertainty budget, which allows for the summation of all uncertainty components, whether they are random or systematic, to a representative measure of accuracy, i.e. the combined standard uncertainty. ISO 17123 (all parts) therefore pro
23、vides, for defining for each instrument investigated by the procedures, a proposal for additional, typical influence quantities, which can be expected during practical use. The customer can estimate, for a specific application, the relevant standard uncertainty components in order to derive and stat
24、e the uncertainty of the measuring result. ISO 2014 All rights reserved v Optics and optical instruments Field procedures for testing geodetic and surveying instruments Part 1: Theory 1 Scope This part of ISO 17123 gives guidance to provide general rules for evaluating and expressing uncertainty in
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