ISO 15928-4-2011 Houses - Description of performance - Part 4 Fire safety《房屋 性能描述 第4部分 消防安全》.pdf

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1、Houses Description of performance Part 4:Fire safetyConstructions dhabitation Description des performances Partie 4: Scurit au feu ISO 2011Reference numberISO 15928-4:2011(E)First edition2011-11-01ISO15928-4INTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO 15928-4:2011(E)COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2011All rights rese

2、rved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the reques

3、ter.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in Switzerlandii ISO 2011 All rights reservedISO 15928-4:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword .vIntroduction .vi1 Scope 12 Norm

4、ative references .13 Terms and definitions .14 Fire safety performance .34.1 User needs 34.2 Performance description .34.3 Principles for describing fire safety performance 35 Parameters for the description of performance 45.1 Parameters for the description of fire actions .45.2 Parameters for descr

5、ibing early warning .45.3 Parameters for describing fire suppression 45.4 Parameters for describing containment of fire spread .45.5 Parameters for describing control of emission and spread of fire effluents 55.6 Parameters for describing adequate means of escape 55.7 Parameters for describing contr

6、ol of structural behaviour .56 Evaluation 56.1 General .56.2 Analysis .66.3 Testing 66.4 Service experience 66.5 Combination .6Annex A (informative) Commentary .7Bibliography .13ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (I

7、SO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, gov

8、ernmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC

9、Directives, Part 2.The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member

10、bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO 15928-4 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 59, Buildings and civil e

11、ngineering works, Subcommittee SC 15, Performance criteria for single family attached and detached dwellings.ISO 15928 consists of the following parts, under the general title Houses Description of performance : Part 1: Structural safety Part 2: Structural serviceability Part 3: Structural durabilit

12、y Part 4: Fire safetyISO 15928-4:2011(E)iv ISO 2011 All rights reservedIntroductionThis part of ISO 15928 is one of a series under the general title: Houses Description of performance. The objective of this series is to identify the methods used to describe the performance of houses. The ISO 15928 s

13、eries is confined to buildings occupied for residential purposes that may be separated or linked horizontally, but not linked vertically and which have their own access and do not share any common space.Each part of ISO 15928 relates to a separate attribute. The parts of ISO 15928 do not specify lev

14、els of performance and they are not intended to replace national standards or regulations, but to provide a standardized framework to enable the development of national standards and regulations in accordance with World Trade Organization (WTO) requirements. The parts of ISO 15928 do not provide des

15、ign methods and/or design criteria.Based on the framework provided by ISO 15928 (all parts), purchasers, regulators and standards writers in their respective countries can describe their requirements in standardized performance terms, as appropriate. Additionally, the manufacturers/providers can res

16、pond by describing the performance of their products in a similar manner. The purpose of this part of ISO 15928 is to provide a standardized system of describing performance that can be used to specify performance requirements and performance levels, or to rate houses in terms of fire safety.NOTE Th

17、e WTO Agreement on technical barriers to trade, Clause 2.8, states: “Whenever appropriate, members shall specify technical regulations based on product requirements in terms of performance rather than design or descriptive characteristics”.ISO 15928-4:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved vINTERNATIO

18、NAL STANDARD ISO 15928-4:2011(E)Houses Description of performance Part 4:Fire safety1 ScopeThis part of ISO 15928 sets out a method for describing the fire safety performance of houses. It covers user needs, provides performance descriptions, and outlines evaluation processes. It includes the descri

19、ption of relevant parameters for early warning, fire suppression, fire containment, means of escape, control of structural behaviour and emission and spread of fire effluent.This part of ISO 15928 is intended for use in the evaluation of the design and construction of houses, in the international tr

20、ading of houses or their sub-systems, and in developing risk-management tools for the protection of houses. It does not specify a level of performance and it is not intended to provide a design method and/or criteria.This part of ISO 15928 does not cover the performance of houses exposed to wild fir

21、e.NOTE 1 Structural safety and other performance attributes of a house are covered in other parts of this ISO 15928 series.NOTE 2 The emission of smoke and hot gases from contents in the house when ignited can impact the fire safety performance of a house, but the type or nature of such contents bro

22、ught into the house is not the subject of the evaluation process.NOTE 3 The term “wild fire” is used to mean the concept of wild land fire, bush fire and unplanned burning in vegetative fuels, etc.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this

23、document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 6707-1, Building and civil engineering Vocabulary Part 1: General termsISO 8421 (all parts), Fire protection VocabularyISO 1394

24、3, Fire safety Vocabulary3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 6707-1, ISO 13943:2008, ISO 8421 (all parts) and the following apply.3.1fireprocess of combustion characterized by the emission of heat and fire effluent and usually accompanied

25、by smoke, flame, glowing or a combination thereofNOTE Adapted from ISO 13943:2008, definition 4.96. ISO 2011 All rights reserved 13.2fire exposureextent to which persons, animals or items are subjected to the conditions created by fireISO 13943:2008, definition 4.1083.3fire scenarioqualitative descr

26、iption of the course of a fire with respect to time, identifying key events that characterize the studied fire and differentiate it from other possible firesNOTE It typically defines the ignition and fire growth processes, the fully developed fire stage, the fire decay stage, and the environment and

27、 systems that impact on the course of the fire.ISO 13943:2008, definition 4.1293.4housebuilding occupied for residential purposes and designed as one unit (dwelling)NOTE 1 The house can be a separate building, or linked horizontally with another house but not linked vertically.NOTE 2 Where houses ar

28、e linked, each has its own access and does not share any space in common with another.NOTE 3 Where houses are linked, the wall between the houses is typically designed and constructed to limit the probability of fire spread between houses.NOTE 4 Adapted from ISO 15928-2:2005, definition 3.1 and modi

29、fied to align the definition with concepts of house, housing and dwelling defined in ISO 6701-1 and to include Notes to address whether one house is linked to another.3.5parametersgroup of variables used to quantitatively describe performance3.6performancebehaviour of houses related to users needsIS

30、O 15928-2:2005, definition 3.13.7performance descriptionstatement that identifies agents which affect performance in a qualitative manner, and establishes how these agents affect the state of the house3.8userperson that a house is designed to accommodate3.9user needsdesign objectivesgeneral statemen

31、t of requirements for a house that are regarded as being satisfactory by the userISO 15928-4:2011(E)2 ISO 2011 All rights reserved4 Fire safety performance4.1 User needsThe fire safety performance of a house, which may affect the safety of the occupants of the house and may also lead to property dam

32、age to the house or an adjacent property, shall be such that the risk of the following does not exceed a level acceptable to the user:a) fire ignition,b) fire growth,c) fire spread,d) inadequate early warning,e) inadequate means of escape,f) inadequate time to escape, andg) damage to the house or an

33、y adjacent property.NOTE 1 Risk of economic loss caused by fire damage to the subject house is often addressed through insurance coverage purchased by the house owner.NOTE 2 Local regulations typically do not include fire safety requirements intended to limit property damage for the subject house.NO

34、TE 3 The availability and capability of local emergency response services (i.e. municipal fire fighting) can often have an impact on the amount of loss (life and property) in a fire. Whether the impact of such services and the fire safety performance of the house is taken into consideration depends

35、on the user of this part of ISO 15928 and what level of risk they consider acceptable.4.2 Performance descriptionThe performance description is an expression of the ability of the house, with an appropriate degree of reliability, to withstand fire and provide protection to occupants and adjacent pro

36、perties when subject to any accidental fire in terms of the probability of:a) ignition occurring, either from internal or external causes,b) a fully developed fire occurring,c) the occupants having adequate time to safely escape, andd) the fire spreading and damaging nearby properties.NOTE 1 Perform

37、ance related to fire safety of occupants can also be assessed in terms of expected risk to life relative to the number of deaths and injuries.NOTE 2 In this part of ISO 15928, the durability of materials is not considered to have a bearing on the fire safety performance of the house.4.3 Principles f

38、or describing fire safety performanceThe fire safety performance can be described by the fire exposure, the resistance of the structure under the effect of those fire conditions, and in terms of a combination of some or all of the following:a) actions relevant to both a smouldering fire scenario and

39、 a flaming fire scenario,b) early warning,c) fire suppression,ISO 15928-4:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved 3d) containment of fire spread,e) control of emission and spread of fire effluents,f) adequate means of escape,g) control of structural behaviour, andh) the nature of the occupants of the h

40、ouse.NOTE Behavioural scenarios can be used to consider the different behavioural aspects of the occupants, including evacuation behaviour, movement behaviour, pre-movement behaviour, recognition behaviour and response behaviour.5 Parameters for the description of performanceThe fire safety performa

41、nce of a house shall, as a minimum, be described by a combination of parameters provided on each of the relevant building elements or building characteristics described in 4.3.5.1 Parameters for the description of fire actionsThe parameters for describing fire actions are:a) the nature of the fire (

42、e.g. smouldering and flaming fires),b) the characteristics of the occupants (e.g.number,age, ability, mobility).5.2 Parameters for describing early warningThe parameters for describing the early warning performance of the house are:a) number of devices,b) location of devices,c) type of devices, andd

43、) interconnectivity between devices within a house, within a building and with the emergency services.NOTE See the relevant International Standards for guidance on warning devices, listed in A.5.2.5.3 Parameters for describing fire suppressionThe parameters for describing the performance of fixed fi

44、re suppression equipment are the presence versus absence, automatic versus manual type of suppression agent, coverage and density of agent distribution. Similar parameters apply to portable fire suppression equipment such as manual fire extinguishers.NOTE Fire suppression efforts by responding emerg

45、ency fire service personnel can impact fire safety. The use of the standard determines whether manual suppression by fire fighters is taken into consideration in evaluating the fire safety performance of the house.Where taken into consideration, the parameters for describing performance are the type

46、 of fire department (volunteer/career), proximity of the fire station and availablity of local water supplies.5.4 Parameters for describing containment of fire spreadThe parameters for describing the containment of fire spread are:a) the resistance to fire spread in terms of the amount of time requi

47、red for the fire spread from one room to another, from one storey to another, or from one house to another, andb) the combustibility characteristics of the materials (i.e. ignitability, flame spread, heat release).ISO 15928-4:2011(E)4 ISO 2011 All rights reserved5.5 Parameters for describing control

48、 of emission and spread of fire effluentsThe parameters for describing control of emission and spread of fire effluent are:a) the nature and concentration of combustion gases,b) smoke obscuration.NOTE 1 The emission of fire effluents from the burning contents in a house fire also has an impact on fi

49、re safety.NOTE 2 The impact of the structural elements and finishes on potential spread of hot fire gases and toxic smoke is discussed in 5.4.5.6 Parameters for describing adequate means of escapeThe parameters for describing the adequacy of the means of escape are:a) the number and location of accessible openings, including those available when normal routes are not available,b) the maximum travel distance to the nearest accessible opening,NOTE The occupants and their expected movement behaviour are also critical when co