ASTM F404-2018a Standard Consumer Safety Specification for High Chairs.pdf

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1、Designation: F404 18F404 18aStandard Consumer Safety Specification forHigh Chairs1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F404; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parent

2、heses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis consumer safety specification addresses high chair incidents that were identified by the U.S.Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC).CPSC identifi

3、ed injuries to children associated with tray disengagement, falls resulting whenchildren stood up on the seat of a high chair, entrapment between the tray and the seat, and tipover.By far the most common injury resulted from children falling when they were able to stand up on theseat of the high cha

4、ir because they were not secured by the restraining system. In response to theincident data developed by the Commission, this consumer safety performance specification attemptsto minimize the above listed problems.This consumer safety performance specification does not cover high chairs that are eit

5、her blatantlymisused or are used in a careless manner that disregards the warnings and safety instructions that areprovided with each high chair.This consumer safety performance specification is written within the current state-of-the-art of highchair technology. It is intended that this specificati

6、on will be updated whenever substantiveinformation becomes available that necessitates additional requirements or justifies the revision ofexisting requirements.1. Scope1.1 This consumer safety specification covers the performance requirements and methods of test to ensure the satisfactoryperformanc

7、e of the high chair and high chairs created by using a high chair conversion kit and component(s) from another product.1.2 This consumer safety specification is intended to minimize injuries to children resulting from normal usage and reasonablyforeseeable misuse or abuse of high chairs.NOTE 1This c

8、onsumer safety specification is not intended to address accidents and injuries resulting from the interaction of older children withchildren in the high chair or the accidents resulting from abuse and misuse by persons over three years of age.1.3 No high chair or high chair conversion kit produced a

9、fter the approval date of this consumer safety specification shall, eitherby label or other means, indicate compliance with this specification unless it conforms to all requirements contained herein.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parenth

10、eses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification: This standarddoes not purport to address all of the safety concerns,

11、 if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.NOTE 2This consumer safety specification includes the following sections:T

12、itle SectionScope 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Calibration and Standardization 41 This consumer safety specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.16on Highchairs, Hook-On Chairs and Expandable Gates.C

13、urrent edition approved Feb. 15, 2018Nov. 15, 2018. Published March 2018January 2019. Originally approved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 20172018 asF404 17a.F404 18. DOI: 10.1520/F0404-18.10.1520/F0404-18A.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of

14、an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as publ

15、ished by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1General Requirements 5Compliance When Used WithConversion Kits5.3Threaded Fasteners 5.5Latching or Locking Mechanisms 5.9Labeling

16、5.10Openings 5.11Performance Requirements 6Protective Components 6.1Removable Tray or Front Torso SupportPerformance Integrity6.2Tray or Front Torso Support Performance Pull Test6.3Static Load 6.4Stability 6.5Exposed Coil Springs 6.6Scissoring, Shearing, and Pinching 6.7Restraint System 6.8Passive C

17、rotch Restraint System 6.9Structural Integrity 6.10Tray Latch Release Mechanisms 6.11Side Containment 6.12Protrusions 6.13Test Methods 7Locking Mechanisms 7.1Protective Components 7.2Tray or Front Torso Support Drop Test 7.3Tray or Front Torso Support Disengagement Horizontal Pull Test7.4Tray or Fro

18、nt Torso Support Disengagement Vertical Pull Test7.5Static Load Testing 7.6Stability Testing 7.7Restraint System Retention Test 7.8Permanency of Labels and Warnings 7.9Dynamic High Chair Test 7.10Completely Bounded Openings 7.11Tray Latch Release Mechanism Accessibility 7.12Side Containment Openings

19、 7.14Marking and Labeling 8Instructional Literature 9Keywords 10Rationale Appendix X11.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guid

20、es and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3359 Test Methods for Rating Adhesion by Tape TestF406 Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Full-Size Baby Cribs/Play YardsF833 Consumer Safety Perfor

21、mance Specification for Carriages and StrollersF963 Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety2.2 Federal Regulations: 316 CFR Part 1227 Safety Standard for Carriages and Strollers16 CFR 1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and Certain Consumer Products Bearing Lead-Containing Paint16 CFR 1500 Hazard

22、ous Substances Act Regulations Including Sections:16 CFR 1500.48 Technical Requirements for Determining a Sharp Point in Toys or Other Articles Intended for Use by ChildrenUnder Eight Years of Age16 CFR 1500.49 Technical Requirements for Determining a Sharp Metal or Glass Edge in Toys or Other Artic

23、les Intended forUse by Children Under Eight Years of Age16 CFR 1501 Method for Identifying Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use by Children Under Three Years of Age WhichPresent Choking, Aspiration, or Ingestion Hazards Because of Small Parts2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website,

24、 www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SD

25、E, Washington, DC 20401.F404 18a22.3 ANSI Standards:4ANSI Z535.4 Product Safety Signs and LabelsANSI Z535.6 Product Safety Information in Product Manuals, Instructions, and Other Collateral Materials3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 accessory, ncomponent, include

26、d with a high chair or sold separately by the manufacturer of the high chair.3.1.2 conspicuous, adjvisible, when the high chair is in all manufacturers recommended use positions and an occupant issitting in the high chair, to a person standing near the high chair at any one position around the high

27、chair but not necessarily visiblefrom all positions.3.1.3 double action release system, na mechanism requiring either two consecutive actions, the first of which must bemaintained while the second is carried out, or two separate and independent simultaneous actions to fully release.3.1.4 fabric, nan

28、y woven, knit, coated, laminated, extruded, or calendared flexible material which is intended to be sewn,welded, heat sealed, or glued together as an assembly.3.1.5 flexible passive crotch restraint, na passive crotch restraint made of flexible material, such as fabric or webbing.3.1.6 front torso s

29、upport, na barrier extending horizontally across the seat of the high chair that is the primary supportintended to restrict forward movement of the occupants torso when the tray is removed and creates a completely or partiallybounded opening in front of the occupant.3.1.7 high chair, na free standin

30、g chair for a child up to 3 years of age which has a seating surface more than 15 in. abovethe floor and elevates the child normally for the purposes of feeding or eating.3.1.7.1 DiscussionA high chair may be sold with or without a tray and may be height adjustable to higher or lower use positions.

31、It may also includea recline position for infants not able to sit up unassisted.3.1.8 high chair conversion kit, nan accessory or component sold by the manufacturer of a product or high chair and usedto convert or modify a product so that it can be used as a high chair.3.1.9 key structural elements,

32、 nsubassemblies such as seat assemblies, leg assemblies, base assemblies, or individualcomponents such as footrests, stabilizing bars, front torso supports, passive crotch restraints, or other components designed tosupport the weight of the occupant, or a combination thereof.3.1.10 latch release sur

33、face, nany surface on the tray latch release mechanism that results in the tray releasing from itsadjustment position when a force is applied perpendicular to that surface.3.1.11 manufacturers recommended use position, nany position that is presented by the manufacturer in any descriptive orinstruct

34、ional literature as a normal, allowable, or acceptable configuration for the use of the product. This specifically excludespositions which the manufacturer shows in a like manner in its literature to be unacceptable, unsafe, or not recommended.3.1.12 nonpaper label, nany label material (such as plas

35、tic or metal) that either will not tear without the aid of tools or tearsleaving a sharply defined edge or labels made from fabric.3.1.13 occupant, nthat individual who is in a product in one of the manufacturers recommended use positions.3.1.14 paper label, nany label material (except fabric) that

36、tears without the aid of tools and leaves a fibrous edge.3.1.15 passive crotch restraint, na component that separates the openings for the legs of the occupant into two separatebounded openings and requires no action on the part of the caregiver to use except to position one leg into each opening cr

37、eatedby the component.3.1.16 protective component, nany component used for protection from sharp edges, points, or entrapment of fingers or toes.3.1.16.1 DiscussionExamples of protective components include caps, sleeves, and plugs.3.1.17 protrusion, na rigid projection that is elevated above the imm

38、ediately adjacent surface.3.1.18 protrusion evaluation zone, nareas on the exterior planes of the high chair base at the rear corners which are within2 in. from the corners formed by the intersection of the rear and side planes of the base and are located between 12 and 17 in. abovethe floor. See Fi

39、g. 1.4 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.F404 18a33.1.18.1 DiscussionThis does not include surfaces inside the exterior plane of the high chair base.3.1.19 seam, nmeans of joining fabric components such as s

40、ewing, welding, heat sealing or gluing.3.1.20 seating surface, nseat support surface for the occupant that exists between the side surfaces, seat back surface, and theINNER SURFACE of the passive crotch restraint.3.1.20.1 DiscussionFor seats with open sides, the seat side surfaces are defined by a v

41、ertical plane tangent to the inside surface of the high chairarmrest.3.1.21 static load, nvertically downward force applied by a calibrated force gauge or by dead weights.3.1.22 tether, na means of attaching a component using flexible plastic, webbing, or cord.3.1.23 threaded fastener, na discrete p

42、iece of hardware that has internal or external screw threads which are used for theassembly of multiple parts and facilitate disassembly.3.1.24 top corner, nan edge on the top side of the upper section of a protrusion created by the intersection of two surfacesthat intersect at an angle less than 18

43、0. See Fig. 2.3.1.25 tray latch release mechanism, nmechanism for releasing the latch that secures a tray onto a high chair or into anadjustment position, or both.4. Calibration and Standardization4.1 All testing shall be conducted on a concrete floor that may be covered with 18-in. (3-mm) thick vin

44、yl flooring cover, unlesstest instructs differently.4.2 The high chair shall be completely assembled, unless otherwise noted, in accordance with the manufacturers instructions.4.3 No testing shall be conducted within 48 h of manufacturing.4.4 The product to be tested shall be in a room with an ambie

45、nt temperature of 7369F (2365C) for at least 1 h prior totesting. Testing shall then be conducted within this temperature range.5. General Requirements5.1 For products sold as a high chair, all components necessary for a high chair to comply with the requirements of this standardmust be included whe

46、n shipped from the manufacturer in the package with the product or one of the packages if multiple packagesare used.5.2 For high chair conversion kits sold separately or included with a product to convert a product into a high chair, allcomponents necessary to comply with this standard must be inclu

47、ded when shipped from the manufacturer in the package withthe product or the conversion kit, or both, or one of the packages if multiple packages are used.5.3 Compliance When Used With Conversion Kits:FIG. 1 Protrusion Evaluation ZonesF404 18a45.3.1 When a conversion kit is used to convert a high ch

48、air to a different product which falls under the scope of another ASTMstandard, it shall comply with the applicable requirements of that standard.5.4 The high chair with any accessory(s) included or any accessories sold by the manufacturer of the high chair for use withthe specific high chair model

49、being tested shall, when installed in a manufacturers recommended use position in accordance withthe manufacturers instructions, comply with the requirements of this standard.NOTE 3Any accessory included with the high chair which per the manufacturers instructions is for use only when the high chair is converted intoanother product, are exempt from the requirement in 5.4.5.5 Threaded Fasteners:5.5.1 Wood Screws and Sheet Metal Screws:5.5.1.1 Wood screws and sheet metal screws shall not be used by the manufacturer in the as