ASTM F2713-2018 Standard Specification for Eye Protectors for Field Hockey.pdf

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1、Designation: F2713 18 An American National StandardStandard Specification forEye Protectors for Field Hockey1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2713; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of las

2、t revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers eye protectors with a plano orprescription lens or without a lens, designed for use by playerso

3、f field hockey, that minimize or significantly reduce injury tothe eye and adnexa due to impact by and penetration of fieldhockey balls and field hockey sticks. Contact with the eye ofthe headform constitutes failure. Protective eyewear offersprotection only to the eyes and does not protect other pa

4、rts ofthe head.1.2 Testing is done in a laboratory setting. Eye contact isdetermined by observation.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly. Metric units of measurement in this specification are inaccordance with th

5、e International System of Units (SI). If avalue for measurement as given in this specification is followedby an equivalent value in other units, the first stated is to beregarded as the requirement. A given equivalent value may beapproximate.1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to th

6、etest methods portion (Sections 8, 9, and 10) of this specifica-tion: This standard does not purport to address all of the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety,health, and environmental practices and det

7、ermine the appli-cability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-menda

8、tions issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1003 Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittanceof Transparent PlasticsF1887 Test Method for Measuring the Coefficient of Resti-tution (COR) of Baseballs and Softba

9、llsF1888 Test Method for Compression-Displacement of Base-balls and Softballs2.2 ANSI Standards:3ANSI Z80.1 Requirements for First-Quality PrescriptionOphthalmic LensesANSI Z80.3 Requirements for Nonprescription Sunglassesand Fashion EyewearANSI Z87.1 Practice for Occupational and Educational Eyeand

10、 Face Protectors2.3 Canadian National Standard:4CAN/CSA-Z262.6-14 Specifications for facially featuredheadforms2.4 Federal Standard:National Institute of Standards and Technology SpecialTechnical Publication 374 Method for Determining theResolving Power of Photographic Lenses53. Terminology3.1 Defin

11、itions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 binocular, adjrelating to the field of view which isshared by both eyes simultaneously; also any simultaneousactivity of the two eyes.3.1.2 central viewing zone, nthat part of the eye of aprotector, which has its center in line with the wearers normall

12、ine of sight.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F08.57 on Eye Safety for Sports.Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2018. Published October 2018. Originallyapproved in

13、 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as F2713 14. DOI:10.1520/F2713-18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page

14、onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 178 Rexdale Blvd.,Toronto, ON M9W 1R3, Canada, http:/www.csagroup.org.5Available from National Insti

15、tute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http:/www.nist.gov.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internation

16、ally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.13.1.2.1 DiscussionThe zone is circular in shape, and 4

17、0mm in diameter.The center of the central viewing zone shall bethe point of intersection of the line of sight with the lens asmounted on the CSA headform.63.1.3 cleanable, nability of a protective device to be madereadily free of dirt or grime without being damaged during anappropriate cleaning proc

18、ess, such as the use of soap and water.3.1.4 coeffcient of restitution, nfractional value represent-ing the ratio of velocities before and after an impact.3.1.5 compression-deflection, nforce required to compressa ball a given distance.3.1.6 coverage, ncharacteristic of a protective device thatobstr

19、ucts straight line paths that are coincident with thewearers eyes.3.1.7 definition (optical), ncharacteristic of a lens thatallows separate distinct points in close proximity to be dis-cerned when looking through the lens.3.1.8 eye, nrelating to the eye of a test headform or theeye of a person weari

20、ng a protector or that part of an eyeprotective device through which a wearers eye would nor-mally look.3.1.9 eye of the headform, nall structures contained withinthe orbital rim of the CSA headform.63.1.10 haze, nfraction of the total transmitted light from anormally incident beam which is not tran

21、s mitted in a focusedcondition but scattered by inclusions or surface defects.3.1.10.1 DiscussionExcessive haze will reduce contrastand visibility.3.1.11 headform optical parameters, nkey dimensions forthe headforms.3.1.12 impact resistance, nability of a device to affordprotection from impact as re

22、quired by this specification.3.1.13 lens, nwhen so equipped, the transparent part orparts of a protective device through which the wearer normallysees.3.1.14 luminous transmittance, nfunction of the spectraltransmittance of the lens weighted by the correspondingordinates of the photopic luminous eff

23、iciency distribution ofthe CIE (1931) standard colorimetric observer and by thespectral intensity of standard Illuminant C. (See ANSI Z80.3,Paragraph 3.9.1.)3.1.15 normal lines of sight, nstraight ahead horizontallines that intersect the center of the eyes of the appropriateheadform.3.1.16 penetrati

24、on resistance, nability of a device toafford protection from moving objects as required by thisspecification.3.1.17 power imbalance, nrelates to the condition inwhich the refractive power of the lens or lenses of a protectoris different as presented to the two eyes.3.1.18 prism, ndevice that bends a

25、 beam of light as aresult of the lack of parallelism of the two surfaces of a lensthrough which the beam of light traverses.3.1.18.1 DiscussionThe amount of bending is a functionof the curvatures, thickness, index of refraction of the materialand the angle of approach of the line of sight to the opt

26、icalsurface. In this specification, prism refers to the amount ofbending that is imposed upon the line of sight of a wearer of aneye protector for the specified viewing position. Prism isexpressed in diopters. The deviation of the line of sight by 1cm/m is one prism diopter.3.1.18.1 base-in, nrelati

27、ng to the type of prism imbalancethat tends to cause parallel rays of light passing through aprotector, spaced apart by the interpupillary distance, to con-verge.3.1.18.2 base-out, nrelating to the type of prism imbal-ance that tends to cause parallel rays of light passing througha protector, spaced

28、 apart by the interpupillary distance, todiverge.3.1.18.3 base-up, nrefers to the type of prism that causesa horizontal beam of light to bend upward causing objects toappear lower than their true position.3.1.18.4 base-down, nrefers to the type of prism thatcauses a horizontal beam of light to bend

29、down causing objectsto appear higher than their true position.3.1.19 prism imbalance, n3.1.19.1 horizontal imbalance, ndifference in prismaticdeviation of incident parallel light beams on the two eyes of aprotective device in the horizontal meridian. (See base-in andbase-out).3.1.19.2 vertical imbal

30、ance, ndifference in prismatic de-viation between parallel light beams incident on the two eyesof a protective device in the vertical meridian.3.1.20 protective device (or protector), ndevice that pro-vides protection to the wearers eye against specific hazardsencountered in sports.3.1.21 refractive

31、 power, nfocusing effect of a lens ex-pressed in diopters.3.1.21.1 astigmatism, ncondition in a lens that creates twoaxially separated line foci of each object point, the lines beingmutually perpendicular. In other words, the lens has twodifferent refractive powers in meridians that are 90 apart.3.1

32、.22 scotoma, nblind or partially blind area within thevisual field.3.1.23 spherical power, naverage of the maximum meridi-onal astigmatic power and the minimum meridional astigmaticpower of a lens.4. Classification4.1 Eye protectors are classified into the following types:4.1.1 Type IA protector wit

33、h the plano lens or lenses andframe frontpiece molded as one unit. Frame temples or otherdevices, such as straps, to affix the lens/frontpiece may beseparate pieces.6Available from Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 5060 Spectrum Way,Mississauga, ON L4W 5N6, Canada, http:/www.csa.ca.F2713 1824.1.

34、2 Type IIAprotector with a single lens or lenses, eitherplano or prescription, mounted in a frame that was manufac-tured as a separate unit.4.1.3 Type IIIA protector without a lens.5. General Requirements5.1 Materials of Construction:5.1.1 The manufacturers choice of material shall be inaccordance w

35、ith 5.1.2 and 5.1.3.5.1.2 Materials coming into contact with the wearers faceshall not be of a type known to cause skin irritation.5.1.3 Materials coming into contact with the wearers face,except replaceable padding, shall not undergo significant lossof strength or flexibility, or other physical cha

36、nge as a result ofperspiration, oil, or grease from the wearers skin and hair.5.1.3.1 Manufacturer will provide material selection and, byaffidavit supplied to the laboratory conducting the tests per-formed pursuant to this specification, support 5.1.1 5.1.3.5.1.4 CleanabilityProtective devices shal

37、l be capable ofbeing cleaned to the degree that when conditioned in accor-dance with the method described in 9.1, they shall remainfunctional in all ways.5.2 Finishes and ConstructionThe protector shall be con-structed in a manner to prevent the missile or components ofthe protector from contact wit

38、h the eye of the headform whentested in accordance with Section 10.5.3 Straps are not required on eye protectors, provided theprotector passes the standard without straps.6. Performance Requirements6.1 Optical RequirementsType I and II Protectors:6.1.1 Refractive TolerancesWhen tested in accordancew

39、ith 8.6, the spherical power shall be in the range of +0.06diopters to 0.18 diopters.6.1.2 AstigmatismWhen tested in accordance with 8.5, theastigmatism shall not exceed 0.12 diopter.6.1.3 Power ImbalanceWhen tested in accordance with8.5, the power imbalance in corresponding meridians shall notexcee

40、d 0.18 diopters between the two eyes for straight-aheadseeing.6.1.4 PrismFor the primary viewing position of either eyeof a shield or pair of lenses, the prism deviation shall notexceed 0.50 prism diopters when tested in accordance with 8.3.6.1.5 Prism Imbalance:6.1.5.1 Vertical and Base-In0.25 pris

41、m diopters.6.1.5.2 Base-Out0.50 prism diopters.6.1.6 Luminous TransmittanceWhen tested in accordancewith 8.2, protectors shall have a luminous transmittance of notless than 85 % for a clear device and not less than 20 % fortinted devices. Additionally, the difference in values as wouldbe viewed by t

42、he two eyes through a single protector as wornshall not exceed 0.9 to 1.1 times the other value (measured atthe design line of sight) unless specifically prescribed by anophthalmic professional.6.1.7 Ultraviolet TransmittanceUVB (290315 nm), clearprotectors, 5 % maximum, sunglass types, 1 % maximum.

43、UVA(315380 nm), clear protectors, 50 % maximum, sunglasstypes, 0.5 luminous transmittance.6.1.8 HazeWhen tested in accordance with 8.4, the hazein the protector shall not exceed 3 %.6.1.9 Lenses that exhibit any distortion or doubling of theimage during the test for refractive power or prism shall b

44、efurther tested in accordance with 8.1.6.1.10 Optical QualityWithin the central viewing zone,striae warpage, surface ripples, lenticulations, or abrupt opticalchanges that are visible under the test conditions of 8.1 and thatwould impair the function of the lens shall be cause forrejection. Visual i

45、mpairment is defined by the scanning andfocimeter test of 8.1.6.1.11 Surface and Internal DefectsPits, scratches,bubbles, grayness, specks, cracks, and water marks that arevisible under the test conditions of 8.6 and that would impairthe function of the lens shall be a cause for rejection. Graynesss

46、hould be evaluated by the requirements of 6.1.6.6.2 Mechanical Requirements:6.2.1 No contact with the eye of the headform shall bepermitted when tested in accordance with Section 10.6.2.2 When tested in accordance with Section 10, displacedfragments or complete fracture of any components of the eyep

47、rotector excluding padding constitutes a failure.6.2.3 When tested in accordance with Section 10, anydisplacement of the lens from the frame and that contacts theeye, constitutes a failure.6.2.4 A protector that is dislodged from the test headformwhen tested in accordance with Section 10 shall not c

48、onstitutea failure, provided all of the above mechanical requirementsare met.6.3 Requirements for Frames to be Fitted with Rx (Correc-tive) Lenses:6.3.1 Frames intended to be used for prescription lensesshall be tested to the requirements of 6.2 with plano, highestplus sphere power and lowest minus

49、sphere power as desired tobe qualified by the manufacturer. Each lens material(s)/manufacturer(s), surface treatment (for example, coating) andfinishing process as desired to be qualified for laboratoryfinishing. If all test lenses pass, than any prescription lens ofthe same of greater thickness at it thinnest point within theprescription range tested and qualified which is made of thesame material(s)/manufacturer(s), with the same surface treat-ment (coatings) and finishing processes may be approved foruse with th