ASTM E84-2018b Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials.pdf

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1、Designation: E84 18aE84 18b An American National StandardStandard Test Method forSurface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E84; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of r

2、evision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This fire-test

3、response standard for the comparative surface burning behavior of building materials is applicable to exposedsurfaces such as walls and ceilings. The test is conducted with the specimen in the ceiling position with the surface to be evaluatedexposed face down to the ignition source. The material, pr

4、oduct, or assembly shall be capable of being mounted in the test positionduring the test. Thus, the specimen shall either be self-supporting by its own structural quality, held in place by added supportsalong the test surface, or secured from the back side.1.2 The purpose of this test method is to d

5、etermine the relative burning behavior of the material by observing the flame spreadalong the specimen. Flame spread and smoke developed index are reported. However, there is not necessarily a relationshipbetween these two measurements.1.3 The use of supporting materials on the underside of the test

6、 specimen has the ability to lower the flame spread index fromthose which might be obtained if the specimen could be tested without such support. These test results do not necessarily relateto indices obtained by testing materials without such support.1.4 Testing of materials that melt, drip, or del

7、aminate to such a degree that the continuity of the flame front is destroyed, resultsin low flame spread indices that do not relate directly to indices obtained by testing materials that remain in place.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in par

8、entheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes,excluding those in tables and figures, shall not be con

9、sidered as requirements of the standard.1.7 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame undercontrolled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire-hazard or fire-risk assessment of the materials,

10、products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the

11、applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting thesetests.1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardi

12、zationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A390 Specification for Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Stee

13、l Poultry Fence Fabric (Hexagonal and Straight Line)C1186 Specification for Flat Fiber-Cement SheetsC1288 Specification for Fiber-Cement Interior Substrate SheetsC1396/C1396M Specification for Gypsum Board1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire Standards and is the

14、 direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.22 on Surface Burning.Current edition approved July 1, 2018Oct. 1, 2018. Published July 2018October 2018. Originally approved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 2018 asE84 18.E84 18a. DOI: 10.1520/E0084-18A.10.1520/E0084-18B.2 For referenced ASTM st

15、andards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of a

16、n ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as publi

17、shed by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D4442 Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measurement of Wood

18、 and Wood-Based MaterialsD4444 Test Method for Laboratory Standardization and Calibration of Hand-Held Moisture MetersE69 Test Method for Combustible Properties of Treated Wood by the Fire-Tube ApparatusE160 Test Method for Combustible Properties of Treated Wood by the Crib Test 3E162 Test Method fo

19、r Surface Flammability of Materials Using a Radiant Heat Energy SourceE176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE286 Test Method for Surface Flammability of Building Materials Using an 8-ft (2.44-m) Tunnel Furnace (Withdrawn 1991)3E2231 Practice for Specimen Preparation and Mounting of Pipe and Duct Insulat

20、ion Materials to Assess Surface BurningCharacteristicsE2404 Practice for Specimen Preparation and Mounting of Textile, Paper or Polymeric (Including Vinyl) and Wood Wall orCeiling Coverings, Facings and Veneers, to Assess Surface Burning CharacteristicsE2573 Practice for Specimen Preparation and Mou

21、nting of Site-Fabricated Stretch Systems to Assess Surface BurningCharacteristicsE2579 Practice for Specimen Preparation and Mounting of Wood Products to Assess Surface Burning CharacteristicsE2599 Practice for Specimen Preparation and Mounting of Reflective Insulation, Radiant Barrier and Vinyl Str

22、etch CeilingMaterials for Building Applications to Assess Surface Burning CharacteristicsE2688 Practice for Specimen Preparation and Mounting of Tapes to Assess Surface Burning CharacteristicsE2690 Practice for Specimen Preparation and Mounting of Caulks and Sealants to Assess Surface Burning Charac

23、teristicsE2768 Test Method for Extended Duration Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials (30 min Tunnel Test)E2988 Practice for Specimen Preparation and Mounting of Flexible Fibrous Glass Insulation for Metal Buildings to AssessSurface Burning Characteristics2.2 NFPA Standards:4NFPA 26

24、2 Standard Method of Test for Flame Travel and Smoke of Wires and Cables for Use in Air-Handling Spaces (2007)2.3 UL Standards5UL 1820 Standard for Safety for Fire Test of Pneumatic Tubing for Flame and Smoke Characteristics (2004)UL 1887 Standard for Fire Test of Plastic Sprinkler Pipe for Visible

25、Flame and Smoke Characteristics (2004)UL 2024 Standard for Safety for Optical Fiber and Communication Cable Raceway (2004)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method refer to Terminology E176. The term flame spread index fromTerminology E176 is of particular

26、 interest to this standard and is defined in 3.1.2.3.1.2 flame spread index, na number or classification indicating a comparative measure derived from observations madeduring the progress of the boundary of a zone of flame under defined test conditions.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Stand

27、ard:3.2.1 smoke developed index, na number or classification indicating a comparative measure derived from smoke obscurationdata collected during the test for surface burning characteristics.3.2.2 surface flame spread, nthe propagation of a flame away from the source of ignition across the surface o

28、f the specimen.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is intended to provide only comparative measurements of surface flame spread and smoke densitymeasurements with that of select grade red oak and fiber-cement board surfaces under the specific fire exposure conditionsdescribed herein.4.2 This

29、 test method exposes a nominal 24-ft (7.32-m) long by 20-in. (508-mm) wide specimen to a controlled air flow andflaming fire exposure adjusted to spread the flame along the entire length of the select grade red oak specimen in 512 min.4.3 This test method does not provide for the following:4.3.1 Mea

30、surement of heat transmission through the tested surface.4.3.2 The effect of aggravated flame spread behavior of an assembly resulting from the proximity of combustible walls andceilings.4.3.3 Classifying or defining a material as noncombustible, by means of a flame spread index by itself.5. Apparat

31、us5.1 Fire Test ChamberSee Figs. 1-5.5.1.1 The fire test chamber is a rectangular horizontal duct with a removable lid. The inside dimensions are as follows:3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.4 Available from National Fire Protection Association, 1

32、Battery March Park, Quincy, MA 02169.5 Available from Underwriters Laboratories, 333 Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, IL 60062.E84 18b2Width: 17 34 14 in. (451 6.3 mm) measured between the topledges along the side walls, and 17 58 38 in. (448 10mm) at all other points.Depth: 12 12 in. (305 13 mm) measure

33、d from the bottom of thetest chamber to the top of the ledges on which thespecimen is supported. This measurement includes the 18in. (3.2 mm) thickness of the 1 12 in. (38 mm) wide wovenfiberglass gasket tape.Length: 25 ft 3 in. (7.62 m 76 mm).5.1.2 The sides and base of the chamber shall be lined w

34、ith an insulating firebrick with the dimensions of 4 12 in. by 9 in. by2 12 in. thick as illustrated in Fig. 2. The insulating firebrick shall have the following properties:Maximum Recommended Temperature 2600F (1427C)Bulk Density 48 3 lb/ft3 (0.77 0.046 g/cm3)Thermal Conductivity at MeanTemperature

35、 of Btuin./hft2F W/mC500F (260C) 1.6 0.231000F (538C) 1.9 0.271500F (815C) 2.2 0.322000F (1093C) 2.6 0.375.1.3 One side of the chamber shall be provided with double observation windows6 with the inside pane flush mounted (see Fig.2). Exposed inside glass shall be 2 34 6 38 by 11 + 1, 2 in. (70 6 10

36、by 279 + 25 50 mm). The centerline of the exposed areaof the inside glass shall be in the upper half of the furnace wall, with the upper edge not less than 2.5 in. (63 mm) below the furnaceledge. The window shall be located such that not less than 12 in. (305 mm) of the specimen width can be observe

37、d. Multiplewindows shall be located along the tunnel so that the entire length of the test sample is observable from outside the fire chamber.The windows shall be pressure tight in accordance with 7.2 and 7.2.1.5.1.4 The ledges shall be fabricated of structural materials7 capable of withstanding the

38、 abuse of continuous testing. The ledgesshall be level with respect to the length and width of the chamber and each other. The ledges shall be maintained in a state of repaircommensurate with the frequency, volume, and severity of testing occurring at any time.5.1.5 Lid:6 Heat-resistant glass, high-

39、silica, 100 % silica glass, nominal 14-in. thick has been found suitable for the interior pane. Borosilicate glass, nominal 14-in. thick has beenfound suitable for the exterior pane.7 High-temperature furnace refractory. Zirconium silicate, or water-cooled steel tubing have been found suitable for t

40、his purpose.FIG. 1 Test Furnace, Showing Some Critical Dimensions (Not a Construction Drawing)E84 18b35.1.5.1 The lid shall consist of a removable noncombustible metal and mineral composite structure as shown in Fig. 2 and ofa size necessary to cover completely the fire test chamber and the test sam

41、ples. The lid shall be maintained in an unwarped andflat condition. When in place, the lid shall be completely sealed to prevent air leakage into the fire test chamber during the test.5.1.5.2 The lid shall be insulated with a minimal thickness of 2 in. (51 mm) castable insulation or mineral composit

42、e materialhaving physical characteristics comparable to the following:Maximum effective use temperature ofat least: 1200F (650C)Bulk density 21 lb/ft3 (336 kg m3)Thermal conductivity at 300 to 700F(149 to 371C)0.50 to 0.71 Btuin./hft2F (0.072 to0.102 W/mK)5.1.5.3 The entire lid assembly shall be pro

43、tected with flat sections of nominal 14-in. (6.3-mm) fiber-cement board meeting theproperties of Annex A3. This protective board shall be maintained in sound condition through continued replacement. Theprotective board is to be secured to the furnace lid or place on the back side of the test specime

44、n.5.1.6 Gas Burners:5.1.6.1 One end of the test chamber shall be designated as the “fire end”. This fire end shall be provided with two gas burnersdelivering flames upward against the surface of the test sample (see Fig. 2). The burners shall be spaced 12 in. (305 mm) fromFIG. 2 Test Furnace Showing

45、 Critical Dimensions (Not a Construction Drawing)E84 18b4the fire end of the test chamber, and 7 12 6 12 in. (190 6 13 mm) below the under surface of the test sample. Gas to the burnersshall be provided through a single inlet pipe, distributed to each port burner through a tee-section. The outlet sh

46、all be a 34 in. NPTelbow. The plane of the port shall be parallel to the furnace floor, such that the gas is directed upward toward the specimen. Eachport shall be positioned with its centerline 4 6 12 in. (102 6 13 mm) on each side of the centerline of the furnace so that the flameis distributed ev

47、enly over the width of the exposed specimen surface (see Fig. 2).5.1.6.2 The controls used to assure constant flow of gas to the burners during period of use shall consist of a pressure regulator,a gas meter constructed to read in increments of not more than 0.1 ft3 (2.8 L), a manometer to indicate

48、gas pressure in inches ofwater, a quick-acting gas shut-off valve, and a gas metering valve.5.1.7 Air Intake:5.1.7.1 An air intake shutter shall be located 54 6 5 in. (1372 6 127 mm) upstream of the burner, as measured from the burnercenterline to the outside surface of the shutter (see Fig. 1). The

49、 air intake is to be fitted with a vertically sliding shutter extendingthe entire width of the test chamber. The shutter shall be positioned so as to provide an air inlet port 3 6 116 in. (76 6 2 mm) highmeasured from the floor level of the test chamber at the air intake point.5.1.7.2 To provide air turbulance for proper combustion, turbulance baffling shall be provided by positioning six refractoryfirebricks (as defined in 5.1.2) along the side walls of the chamber. With the long dimension vertical, 4