ASTM D6751-2018 Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels.pdf

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1、Designation: D6751 18Standard Specification forBiodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle DistillateFuels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6751; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last

2、 revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers four grades of biodiesel(B100) for use as a blend component with middle distillatefuels. These

3、grades are described as follows:1.1.1 Grade No. 1-B S15A special purpose biodieselblendstock intended for use in middle distillate fuel applica-tions which can be sensitive to the presence of partially reactedglycerides, including those applications requiring good lowtemperature operability, and als

4、o requiring a fuel blend com-ponent with 15 ppm sulfur (maximum).1.1.2 Grade No. 1-B S500A special purpose biodieselblendstock intended for use in middle distillate fuel applica-tions which can be sensitive to the presence of partially reactedglycerides, including those applications requiring good l

5、owtemperature operability, and also requiring a fuel blend com-ponent with 500 ppm sulfur (maximum).1.1.3 Grade No. 2-B S15A general purpose biodieselblendstock intended for use in middle distillate fuel applica-tions that require a fuel blend component with 15 ppm sulfur(maximum).1.1.4 Grade No. 2-

6、B S500A general purpose biodieselblendstock intended for use in middle distillate fuel applica-tions that require a fuel blend component with 500 ppm sulfur(maximum).1.2 This specification prescribes the required properties ofdiesel fuels at the time and place of delivery. The specificationrequireme

7、nts may be applied at other points in the productionand distribution system when provided by agreement betweenthe purchaser and the supplier.1.3 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observanceof federal, state, or local regulations which may be morerestrictive.NOTE 1The generation and dissip

8、ation of static electricity can createproblems in the handling of distillate fuel oils with which biodiesel maybe blended. For more information on the subject, see Guide D4865.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.

9、1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to

10、 Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-leum Products by Copper Strip TestD189 Test Method for Conradson Carbon Residue of Petro-leum ProductsD445 Test

11、 Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue ofPetroleum ProductsD613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel OilD664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric Titr

12、ationD874 Test Method for Sulfated Ash from Lubricating Oilsand AdditivesD974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-Indicator TitrationD975 Specification for Diesel Fuel OilsD976 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index of DistillateFuelsD1160 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Product

13、s atReduced PressureD1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (LampMethod)1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.E0 on Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbine

14、, and MarineFuels.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2018. Published December 2018. Originallyapproved in 1999 as PS 121 99. Adopted as a standard in 2002 as D6751 02.Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D6751 15c1. DOI: 10.1520/D6751-18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www

15、.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO

16、 Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued b

17、y the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1D1796 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils bythe Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)D2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate FuelOil (Accelerated Method)D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Pet

18、roleum Productsand Liquid FuelsD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in MiddleDistillate Fuels by CentrifugeD2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel OilsD3117 Test Method for Wax Appearance P

19、oint of DistillateFuels (Withdrawn 2010)3D3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in LightLiquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-lometryD3242 Test Method for Acidity in Aviation Turbine FuelD3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale ClosedCup TesterD4057 Practice for Manu

20、al Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and PetroleumProducts by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-trometryD4530 Test Method for Determination of Carbon Residue(Micro Metho

21、d)D4737 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by FourVariable EquationD4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Elec-tricity in Petroleum Fuel SystemsD4951 Test Method for Determination of Additive Elementsin Lubricating Oils by Inductively Coupled PlasmaAtomic Emission SpectrometryD545

22、3 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5771 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Productsand Liquid Fuels (Optical Detection Stepped CoolingMethod)D5772 Test Method for Cloud

23、Point of Petroleum Productsand Liquid Fuels (Linear Cooling Rate Method)D5773 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Productsand Liquid Fuels (Constant Cooling Rate Method)D6217 Test Method for Particulate Contamination in MiddleDistillate Fuels by Laboratory FiltrationD6450 Test Method for Flash

24、Point by Continuously ClosedCup (CCCFP) TesterD6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and FuelSystemsD6584 Test Method for Determination of TotalMonoglycerides, Total Diglycerides, Total Triglycerides,and Free and Total Glycerin in B-100 Biodiesel MethylEsters by Gas ChromatographyD6890 Tes

25、t Method for Determination of Ignition Delay andDerived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils byCombustion in a Constant Volume ChamberD7039 Test Method for Sulfur in Gasoline, Diesel Fuel, JetFuel, Kerosine, Biodiesel, Biodiesel Blends, andGasoline-Ethanol Blends by Monochromatic WavelengthDisper

26、sive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD7042 Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density ofLiquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation ofKinematic Viscosity)D7344 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Productsand Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure (Mini Method)D7345 Test Method for Dis

27、tillation of Petroleum Productsand Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure (Micro Distil-lation Method)D7397 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Productsand Liquid Fuels (Miniaturized Optical Method)D7501 Test Method for Determination of Fuel Filter Block-ing Potential of Biodiesel (B100) Blend St

28、ock by ColdSoak Filtration Test (CSFT)D7668 Test Method for Determination of Derived CetaneNumber (DCN) of Diesel Fuel OilsIgnition Delay andCombustion Delay Using a Constant Volume CombustionChamber MethodD7689 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Productsand Liquid Fuels (Mini Method)2.2 Gover

29、nment Standard:40 CFR Part 79 Registration of Fuels and Fuel AdditivesSection 211(b) Clean Air Act42.3 Other Documents:AOCS Standard Procedure Ck 2-095Determination of Vari-ous Properties of Biodiesel by the QTA System Method6UOP 389 Trace Metals in Oils by WetAshing and ICP-OES7UOP 39191 Trace Meta

30、ls in Petroleum Products or Organ-ics by AAS7EN 14105 Fat and Oil DerivativesFatty Acid MethylEsters (FAME)Determination of Free and Total Glyc-erol and Mono-, Di-, Triglyceride Contents (ReferenceMethod)8EN 14110 Fat and Oil DerivativesFatty Acid MethylEsters (FAME)Determination of Methanol Content

31、8EN 14112 Fat and Oil DerivativesFatty Acid MethylEsters (FAME)Determination of Oxidation Stability(Accelerated Oxidation Test)8EN 14538 Fat and Oil DerivativesFatty Acid MethylEsters (FAME)Determination of Ca, K, Mg and NaContent by Optical Emission Spectral Analysis withInductively Coupled Plasma

32、(ICP OES)83The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.5Available fromAOCS Headquarters, 2710 S. Boulder, Urbana, IL 6180269

33、96.Download Product Code: MC-CK209 from www.aocs.org.6QTA is a registered trademark of the Cognis Corporation, 5051 EstecreekDrive, Cincinnati, OH 45232-1446.7Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700,West Conshohocken, PA. Visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactA

34、STMCustomer Service at serviceastm.org.8Available from the National CEN Members listed on the CEN website(www.cenorm.be) or from the CEN/TC19 secretariat (astmnen.nl).D6751 182EN 15751 Automotive FuelsFatty Acid Methyl Ester(FAME) Fuel and Blends with Diesel FuelDetermination of Oxidation Stability

35、by Accelerated Oxi-dation Method83. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 biodiesel, nfuel comprised of mono-alkyl esters oflong chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animalfats, designated B100.3.1.1.1 Discussionbiodiesel, as defined above, is regis-tered with the U.S. EPA as a fuel and a fue

36、l additive underSection 211(b) of the CleanAirAct (40 CFR Part 79). There is,however, other usage of the term biodiesel in the marketplace.Due to its EPA registration and the widespread commercial useof the term biodiesel in the U.S. marketplace, the termbiodiesel will be maintained for this specifi

37、cation.3.1.1.2 DiscussionBiodiesel is typically produced by areaction of a vegetable oil or animal fat with an alcohol such asmethanol or ethanol in the presence of a catalyst to yieldmono-alkyl esters and glycerin, which is removed. The finishedbiodiesel derives approximately 10 % of its mass from

38、thereacted alcohol. The alcohol used in the reaction may or maynot come from renewable resources.3.1.2 biodiesel blend (BXX), nblend of biodiesel fuel withdiesel fuel oils.3.1.2.1 DiscussionIn the abbreviation BXX, the XX rep-resents the volume percentage of biodiesel fuel in the blend.3.1.3 biodies

39、el fuel, nsynonym for biodiesel.3.1.4 free glycerin, na measure of the amount of glycerinremaining in the fuel.3.1.5 Grade S15 B100, na grade of biodiesel meetingASTM Specification D6751 and having a sulfur specificationof 15 ppm maximum.3.1.6 Grade S500 B100, na grade of biodiesel meetingASTM Speci

40、fication D6751 and having a sulfur specificationof 500 ppm maximum.3.1.7 middle distillate fuel, nkerosines and gas oils boilingbetween approximately 150 C and 400 C at normal atmo-spheric pressure and having a closed-cup flash point above38 C.3.1.8 monoglyceride, na partially reacted fat or oil mol

41、-ecule with one long chain alkyl ester group on a glycerinbackbone.3.1.9 total glycerin, nthe sum of the free glycerin and theglycerin portion of any unreacted or partially reacted oil or fat.4. Requirements4.1 The biodiesel specified shall be mono-alkyl esters oflong chain fatty acids derived from

42、vegetable oils and animalfats.4.2 Unless otherwise specified, samples for analysis shall betaken by the procedure described in Practices D4057 or D4177.4.3 The biodiesel specified shall conform to the detailedrequirements shown in Table 1.NOTE 2A considerable amount of experience exists in the U.S.

43、witha 20 % blend of biodiesel, primarily produced from soybean oil, with80 % diesel fuel (B20). Experience with biodiesel produced from animalfat and other oils is similar. Experience with B20 and lower blends in otherapplications is not as prevalent. Although biodiesel (B100) can be used,blends of

44、over 20 % biodiesel with diesel fuel (B20) should be evaluatedon a case by case basis until further experience is available.NOTE 3The user should consult the equipment manufacturer orowners manual regarding the suitability of using biodiesel or biodieselblends in a particular engine or application.5

45、. Test Methods5.1 The requirements enumerated in this specification shallbe determined in accordance with the following methods.5.1.1 Flash PointTest Methods D93, except where othermethods are prescribed by law. Test Methods D3828 or D6450can also be used. The precision and bias of Test MethodsD3828

46、 and D6450 with biodiesel is not known and is currentlyunder investigation. Test Methods D93 shall be the refereemethod.5.1.2 Water and SedimentTest Method D2709. TestMethod D1796 may also be used. Test Method D2709 shall bethe referee method. The precision and bias of these testmethods with biodies

47、el is not known and is currently underinvestigation.5.1.3 ViscosityTest Method D445. Test Method D7042may be used with the same limits. Bias-corrected results fromTest Method D7042 shall be reported as “Predicted D445.” Usebias correction for biodiesel fuel according the Precision andBias section of

48、 Test Method D7042. In case of dispute, TestMethod D445 shall be used as the referee test method.5.1.4 MonoglyceridesTest Method D6584, Test MethodEN 14105, and AOCS Standard Procedure Ck 2-09 may beused. Test Method D6584 shall be the referee test method.5.1.5 Sulfated AshTest Method D874.5.1.6 Oxi

49、dation StabilityTest Method EN 15751. TestMethod EN 14112 may also be used. See X1.19.1 for furtherinformation. Test Method EN 15751 shall be the referee testmethod.5.1.7 SulfurTest Method D5453. Test Method D7039 mayalso be used. Other test methods may also be suitable fordetermining up to 0.05 % (500 ppm) sulfur in biodiesel fuelssuch as Test Methods D1266, D2622, D3120 and D4294 butmay provide falsely high results (see X1.5) although theirprecision and bias with biodiesel is unknown. Test MethodD5453 shall be the referee test meth