ASTM D4771-2019 Standard Performance Specification for Knitted Upholstery Fabrics for Indoor Furniture.pdf

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1、Designation: D4771 19Standard Performance Specification forKnitted Upholstery Fabrics for Indoor Furniture1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4771; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last

2、revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This performance specification covers the performancerequirements for knitted upholstery fabrics as used in themanufacture

3、of new indoor furniture for general domestic use.These requirements apply to both the wale and course direc-tions for those factors where each fabric direction is pertinent.1.2 This performance specification is not applicable tofabrics used in contract, porch, deck, or lawn furniture; nor forwoven f

4、abrics, bonded or laminated fabrics, or surface-coatedfabrics (such as vinyls and urethanes).1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered s

5、tandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prio

6、r to use.See Note 2. See 6.4.1 for a specific warning.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issue

7、d by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD4033 Test Method for Resistance to Yarn Slippage at theSewn Seam in Upholstery Fabrics (Dynamic FatigueMethod) (Withdrawn 2001)3D7023 Terminol

8、ogy Relating to Home Furnishings2.2 AATCC Standards:4TM8 Colorfastness to Crocking: Crockmeter MethodTM16.2 Colorfastness to Light: Carbon-ArcTM16.3 Colorfastness to Light: Xenon-ArcTM23 Colorfastness to Burnt Gas FumesTM107 Colorfastness to WaterTM116 Colorfastness to Crocking: Rotary Vertical Croc

9、k-meter MethodTM129 Colorfastness to Ozone in the Atmosphere UnderHigh HumiditiesEP1 Gray Scale for Color ChangeEP8 Chromatic Transference Scale, 9-Step2.3 Federal Standard:16CFR, Chapter II-Consumer Product Safety Commission,Subchapter D-Flammable Fabrics Act Regulations52.4 Military Standard:ASQ/A

10、NSI Z1.4 Sampling Procedures and Tables for In-spection by Attributes62.5 Other Documents:Joint Industry Knit Upholstery Fabric Standards and Guide-lines7Guides for the Household Furniture Industry8California Bulletin 1179UFAC Fabric Classification Test Method for CigaretteSmolder Resistance10NOTE 1

11、Reference to test methods in this specification give only thepermanent part of the designation of ASTM, AATCC, or other test1This performance specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM CommitteeD13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.63 on HomeFurnishings.Current ed

12、ition approved Jan. 15, 2019. Published February 2019. Originallyapproved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D4771 09. DOI:10.1520/D4771-19.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of AST

13、MStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists(AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC

14、 27709, http:/www.aatcc.org.5Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government PrintingOffice, Washington, DC 20402.6Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.7Issued 1980, available from American Furni

15、ture Manufacturers Association,Box HP-7, High Point, NC 27261.8Available from the Bureau of Consumer Protection, Federal Trade Commission,Washington, DC 20580. Promulgated by the FTC on Dec. 21, 1973, to be effectiveon March 21, 1974.9Available from California Department of Consumer Affairs, Bureau

16、of HomeFurnishings, 3485 Orange Grove Ave., North Highlands, CA 95660.10Available from UFAC Central, Box 2436, High Point, NC 27261.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance

17、 with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1methods. The current editions of each

18、 test method cited shall prevail113. Terminology3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.54, Home Furnish-ings refer to Terminology D70233.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this specification:contract furniture, indoor furniture, upholstery fabric, uphol-stered furniture.3.2 For definitions of

19、other textile terms used in thisspecification, refer to Terminology D123, D7023. Definitionsfound in a dictionary of common terms are suitable for termsused in this specification.4. Specification Requirements4.1 The properties of knitted upholstery fabrics shall con-form to the specification require

20、ments in Table 1.5. Significance and Use5.1 Fabrics intended for this end-use should meet all of therequirements listed in Table 1.5.2 It should be recognized that fabrics can be producedutilizing an almost infinite number of combinations of con-struction variables (for example, type of fibers, perc

21、entage offibers, yarn twist, yarn number, warp and pick count, chemicaland mechanical finishes.) Additionally, fashion or aestheticsdictate that the ultimate consumer may find acceptable articlesmade from fabrics that do not conform to all of the require-ments in Table 1.5.2.1 Hence, no single perfo

22、rmance specification can possi-bly apply to all the various fabrics that could be utilized for thisend-use.5.3 The uses and significance of particular properties andtest method are discussed in the appropriate sections of thespecified test methods.6. Test Methods6.1 Resistance to Yarn SlippageDeterm

23、ine the resistanceto yarn slippage (seam integrity) as directed in Test MethodD4033.NOTE 2Yarn slippage at the seams in knit fabrics is a relatively rareoccurrence, limited to certain types of knit fabrics, for example, coarse-gage Raschels and weft insertion knits. By a substantial majority, thefai

24、lures which occur at the seams in knit fabrics are splitting or tearingcaused by needle cutting or weak yarns, or both, and stitch line threadbreakage. All or any of these problems can be discovered in Test MethodD4033 if they exist in any fabric or stitch line. If it is suspected that theproblem is

25、 needle cutting, seams should be sewn with progressivelysmaller needles until a “passing” result is obtained. Then it is equallyimportant to specify that production on that particular fabric should besewn only with the needle size and type with which the “passing” resultwas obtained. The sewn seam s

26、hall contain a stitch density of sevenstitches per inch (25.4 mm) and a minimum of 0.5-in. (12.7-mm) seamallowance. Experience has indicated that a Size 22 (or smaller) needlewith a light ball point will successfully sew most knitted upholsteryfabrics; however, if needle cutting problems do occur, s

27、imply changing tosmaller ball point needles will usually solve most problems. If productionconditions dictate that smaller needles cannot be used because of breakageproblems, then the knit construction must be reviewed for potentialchange. Another point of equal importance is that knit upholstery fa

28、bricsshould never be sewn with regular point, sharp point (SET), or cuttingpoint needles. Knit fabrics should also never be sewn with medium orheavy ball point needles, that is nothing but the light ball point (SES)needle should be used.6.2 Dimensional ChangeDetermine dimensional changeas directed i

29、n the Joint-Industry Knit Upholstery Fabric Stan-dards and Guidelines.6.3 Colorfastness to Water:6.3.1 Determine colorfastness to water as directed inAATCC TM107.6.3.2 This method provides a procedure to evaluate colorchange within the cleaned area under standardized conditions.Although not directly

30、 related to consumer cleansing withwater-base or solvent-base cleansing agents, it will givereliable information on the fastness of the fabric coloration towater and solvent, which are the principal agents that wouldcause color migration or bleeding, or both. In this context, thecolor change occurri

31、ng in these tests denotes any change due tocolor loss or bleeding and migration of one color to anotherwithin the cleaned area.6.3.3 In the evaluation of the test results, the fabric tested iscompared against the original to establish color change.6.3.4 Those fabrics that are not fast to water or so

32、lventmedia, or both, and show a color change, should be so labeled.6.4 Colorfastness to SolventDetermine the colorfastnessto solvent as directed in AATCC TM107 using the modifica-tions presented in 6.4.1 and 6.4.2.11The carbon-arc and xenon fade-ometers available from the Atlas ElectricDevices Co.,

33、4114 N. Ravenswood Ave., Chicago, IL 60613, have been foundsatisfactory for this test method.TABLE 1 Specification RequirementsCharacteristics Requirements SectionResistance to yarn slippage18 in. max at 7000 cycles 6.1Dimensional change:Wale or course 5.0 % shrinkage max, to 2.0 %gain max6.2Colorfa

34、stness to:AWater, Color Change Grade 4Bmin 6.3Solvent, Color Change Grade 4Bmin 6.4Crocking:Dry Grade 4Cmin 6.5Wet Grade 3Cmin 6.5Burnt gas fumes2 cycles Grade 4Bmin 6.6Light40 AATCC Fading Units Grade 4Bmin 6.7Ozone 1 cycle Grade 4Bmin 6.8Retention of hand, character,and appearanceShall not change

35、more thanlimitations set by prior agree-ment between the buyer and theseller6.9Durability of back coating No peeling or cracking of thebackcoating shall occur; durabil-ity shall be compatible with clean-ing code6.10Flammability:California Bulletin 117 pass 6.11.1UFAC Fabric Classification Class Iver

36、tical char length isequal to or less than 1.75 in.6.11.2Class IIvertical char length isgreater than 1.75 in.FTC Requirements pass 6.12AThe grade rating in the colorfastness requirements is based on a numerical scaleof 5 for negligible for no color change or color transfer to 1 for very severe colorc

37、hange or color transfer.BAATCC Gray Scale for Color Change.CAATCC 9-Step Chromatic Transference Scale.D4771 1926.4.1 Use technical grade perchloroethylene for the testsolution. WarningPerchloroethylene is toxic, and the usualprecautions for handling chlorinated solvents should be taken.Use only unde

38、r well-ventilated conditions. The solvent isnonflammable.NOTE 3The rollers in the wringer used should be such that they willnot be affected by the solvent.6.4.2 After loading the specimens in the Perspiration Tester,Perspirometer, or similar device, allow them to stand for2hinthe prevailing room atm

39、osphere. Do not press or iron thespecimens.6.4.3 See 6.3.2 6.3.4.6.4.4 The precision and bias for the modified procedure fordetermining colorfastness to solvent has not been established.The method is accordingly not recommended for acceptancetesting unless preceded by an interlaboratory check test i

40、n thelaboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the supplierusing randomized replicate specimens of the material(s) to beevaluated.6.5 Colorfastness to CrockingDetermine the colorfastnessto wet and dry crocking as directed in AATCC TM8 for solidshades and AATCC TM116 for prints, or as agreed

41、uponbetween the purchaser and the supplier.6.6 Colorfastness to Burnt Gas FumesDetermine the col-orfastness to burnt gas fumes as directed in AATCC TM23. Donot wash or dry-clean these fabric specimens either before orafter testing.6.7 Colorfastness to LightDetermine the colorfastness tolight as dire

42、cted in AATCC TM16.3.NOTE 4There are distinct differences in spectral distribution betweenthe various types of machines listed in AATCC TM16.2 and AATCCTM16.3, with no overall correlations between them. Consequently, thesemachines cannot be used interchangeably. In case of controversy, resultsobtain

43、ed with ATCC TM16.3, Option 3 shall prevail.6.8 Colorfastness to OzoneDetermine the colorfastness toozone as directed in AATCC TM129.6.9 Retention of Hand, Character, and AppearanceAfterthe fabric has been tested as directed in 6.3 6.5, it should beevaluated for any change in hand, character, or app

44、earance.NOTE 5Water tests would not apply, if labeled “Solvent Clean Only.”6.10 Durability of Back CoatingAfter the fabric has beentested as directed in 6.3 6.5, it should be evaluated forcracking or peeling of the back coating.6.11 Flammability The flammability requirements shallbe as agreed upon b

45、etween the purchaser and the supplier,provided they meet or exceed those of Part 1610 of theFlammable Fabric Act Regulations.6.11.1 Fabrics sold and used in California must be tested asdirected in California Bulletin 117.6.11.2 All upholstery fabrics shall be evaluated for cigaretteignition resistan

46、ce by the UFAC Fabric Classification TestMethod.6.12 Federal Trade Commission (FTC) RequirementsTheFTC promulgated the Guides for the Household FurnitureIndustry5. Although the Textile Fiber Products IdentificationAct specifically exempts outer coverings of furniture from theapplication of the act,

47、the FTC has very specific regulationscovered in detail in Guide 5 of the Guides for the HouseholdFurniture Industry. In brief, this rule covers the following:6.12.1 False or deceptive representation as to fiber content.6.12.2 How to identify fibers properly in advertising.6.12.3 How to identify fibe

48、rs properly on tags or labels.6.12.4 Restrictions concerning representation of fabric tests.6.12.5 Restrictions concerning representation of perfor-mance characteristics of upholstery fabrics.7. Keywords7.1 indoor furniture; knitted upholstery fabricASTM International takes no position respecting th

49、e validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand shou