ASTM D117-2018 Standard Guide for Sampling Test Methods and Specifications for Electrical Insulating Liquids.pdf

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1、Designation: D117 18Standard Guide forSampling, Test Methods, and Specifications for ElectricalInsulating Liquids1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D117; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of

2、 last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide describes methods of testing and specifica-tions for electrical insulating liquids intended for use inelec

3、trical cables, transformers, liquid circuit breakers, andother electrical apparatus where the liquids are used asinsulating, or heat transfer media, or both.1.2 The purpose of this guide is to outline the applicabilityof the available test methods. Where more than one is availablefor measuring a giv

4、en property, their relative advantages aredescribed, along with an indication of laboratory convenience,precision, (95 % confidence limits), and applicability to spe-cific types of electrical insulating oils.1.3 This guide is classified into the following categories:Sampling Practices, Physical Test

5、s, Electrical Tests, ChemicalTests, and Specifications. Within each test category, the testmethods are listed alphabetically by property measured. A listof standards follows:Category Section ASTM StandardSampling: 3 D923Physical Tests:Aniline Point 4 D611Coefficient of Thermal Ex-pansion5 D1903Color

6、 6 D1500Examination: Visual Infrared 7 D1524, D2144, D2129Flash and Fire Point 8 D92Interfacial Tension 9 D971, D2285Pour Point of PetroleumProducts10 D97, D5949, D5950Particle Count in MineralInsulating Oil11 D6786Refractive Index and SpecificOptical Dispersion12 D1218, D1807Relative Density (Speci

7、ficGravity)13 D287, D1217, D1298, D1481,D4052Specific Heat 14 D2766Thermal Conductivity 15 D2717Turbidity 16 D6181Viscosity 17 D445, D2161Electrical Tests:Dielectric Breakdown Voltage 18 D877, D1816, D3300Category Section ASTM StandardDissipation Factor and Rela-tive Permittivity (DielectricConstant

8、)19 D924Gassing CharacteristicUnder Thermal Stress20 D7150Gassing Tendency 21 D2300Resistivity 22 D1169Stability Under ElectricalDischarge23 D6180Chemical Tests:Acidity, Approximate 24 D1534Carbon-Type Composition 25 D2140Compatibility with Construc-tion Material26 D3455Copper Content 27 D3635Elemen

9、ts by InductivelyCoupled Plasma (ICP-AES)28 D7151Furanic Compounds inElectrical Insulating Liquids29 D5837Dissolved Gas Analysis 30 D3612Gas Content of Cable andCapacitor Oils31 D831, D1827, D2945Inorganic Chlorides andSulfates32 D878Neutralization (Acid andBase) Numbers33 D664, D974Oxidation Inhibi

10、tor Content 34 D2668, D4768Oxidation Stability 35 D1934, D2112, D2440Polychlorinated BiphenylContent (PCB)36 D4059Relative Content ofDissolved Decay37 D6802Sediment and Soluble Sludge 38 D1698Sulfur, Corrosive 39 D1275Water Content 40 D1533Specification:Mineral Insulating Oil forElectrical Apparatus

11、41 D3487High Firepoint ElectricalInsulating Oils42 D5222Silicone Fluid used for ElectricalInsulation43 D4652Natural (Vegetable Oil) EsterFluids used in ElectricalApparatus44 D68711.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values stated in parentheses are provided forinforma

12、tion only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations pr

13、ior to use.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D27 on ElectricalInsulating Liquids and Gasesand is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD27.01 on Mineral.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2018. Published December 2018. Originallypublished as D117 21 T. Last previous edition ap

14、proved in 2010 as D117 10.DOI: 10.1520/D0117-18.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the De

15、cision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.11.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-izati

16、on established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by ClevelandO

17、pen Cup TesterD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum andPetroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D611 Test Methods for Anilin

18、e Point and Mixed AnilinePoint of Petroleum Products and Hydrocarbon SolventsD664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Productsby Potentiometric TitrationD831 Test Method for Gas Content of Cable and CapacitorOilsD877 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage ofInsulating Liquids Using Disk E

19、lectrodesD878 Test Methods for Inorganic Chlorides and Sulfates inInsulating Oils (Withdrawn 2015)3D923 Practices for Sampling Electrical Insulating LiquidsD924 Test Method for Dissipation Factor (or Power Factor)and Relative Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Electri-cal Insulating LiquidsD971 T

20、est Method for Interfacial Tension of Oil AgainstWater by the Ring MethodD974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-Indicator TitrationD1169 Test Method for Specific Resistance (Resistivity) ofElectrical Insulating LiquidsD1217 Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Spe-cific Gravity)

21、 of Liquids by Bingham PycnometerD1218 Test Method for Refractive Index and RefractiveDispersion of Hydrocarbon LiquidsD1250 Guide for Use of the Petroleum Measurement TablesD1275 Test Method for Corrosive Sulfur in Electrical Insu-lating LiquidsD1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or AP

22、IGravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-ucts by Hydrometer MethodD1481 Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Spe-cific Gravity) of Viscous Materials by Lipkin BicapillaryPycnometerD1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products(ASTM Color Scale)D1524 Test Method for Visu

23、al Examination of Used Elec-trical Insulating Liquids in the FieldD1533 Test Method for Water in Insulating Liquids byCoulometric Karl Fischer TitrationD1534 Test Method for Approximate Acidity in ElectricalInsulating Liquids by Color-Indicator TitrationD1698 Test Method for Sediments and Soluble Sl

24、udge inService-Aged Insulating Oils (Withdrawn 2014)3D1807 Test Methods for Refractive Index and SpecificOptical Dispersion of Electrical Insulating Liquids (With-drawn 2014)3D1816 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage ofInsulating Liquids Using VDE ElectrodesD1827 Test Method for Gas Content

25、 (Nonacidic) of Insulat-ing Liquids by Displacement with Carbon Dioxide (With-drawn 2009)3D1903 Practice for Determining the Coefficient of ThermalExpansion of Electrical Insulating Liquids of PetroleumOrigin, and AskarelsD1934 Test Method for Oxidative Aging of Electrical Insu-lating Petroleum Oils

26、 by Open-Beaker MethodD2112 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of InhibitedMineral Insulating Oil by Pressure VesselD2129 Test Method for Color of Clear Electrical InsulatingLiquids (Platinum-Cobalt Scale)D2140 Practice for Calculating Carbon-Type Compositionof Insulating Oils of Petroleum OriginD2

27、144 Practices for Examination of Electrical InsulatingOils by Infrared AbsorptionD2161 Practice for Conversion of Kinematic Viscosity toSaybolt Universal Viscosity or to Saybolt Furol ViscosityD2285 Test Method for Interfacial Tension of ElectricalInsulating Oils of Petroleum Origin Against Water by

28、 theDrop-Weight Method (Withdrawn 2008)3D2300 Test Method for Gassing of Electrical InsulatingLiquids Under Electrical Stress and Ionization (ModifiedPirelli Method)D2440 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of MineralInsulating OilD2668 Test Method for 2,6-di-tert-Butyl- p-Cresol and 2,6-di-tert-But

29、yl Phenol in Electrical Insulating Oil by Infra-red AbsorpD2717 Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Liquids(Withdrawn 2018)3D2766 Test Method for Specific Heat of Liquids and Solids(Withdrawn 2018)3D2864 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulating Liq-uids and GasesD2945 Test Method for Gas Co

30、ntent of Insulating Oils(Withdrawn 2012)3D3300 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage ofInsulating Oils of Petroleum Origin Under Impulse Con-ditionsD3455 Test Methods for Compatibility of Construction Ma-terial with Electrical Insulating Oil of Petroleum OriginD3487 Specification for Mineral

31、Insulating Oil Used inElectrical Apparatus2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved

32、version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.D117 182D3612 Test Method for Analysis of Gases Dissolved inElectrical Insulating Oil by Gas ChromatographyD3635 Test Method for Dissolved Copper In ElectricalInsulating Oil By Atomic Absorption SpectrophotometryD4052 Test Method for D

33、ensity, Relative Density, and APIGravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4059 Test Method for Analysis of Polychlorinated Biphe-nyls in Insulating Liquids by Gas ChromatographyD4652 Specification for Silicone Fluid Used for ElectricalInsulationD4768 Test Method for Analysis of 2,6-Ditertiary-But

34、ylPara-Cresol and 2,6-Ditertiary-Butyl Phenol in InsulatingLiquids by Gas ChromatographyD5185 Test Method for Multielement Determination ofUsed and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils byInductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrom-etry (ICP-AES)D5222 Specification for High Fire-Point Minera

35、l ElectricalInsulating OilsD5837 Test Method for Furanic Compounds in ElectricalInsulating Liquids by High-Performance Liquid Chroma-tography (HPLC)D5949 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products(Automatic Pressure Pulsing Method)D5950 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products(Automati

36、c Tilt Method)D6180 Test Method for Stability of Insulating Oils ofPetroleum Origin Under Electrical Discharge (Withdrawn2014)3D6181 Test Method for Measurement of Turbidity in Min-eral Insulating Oil of Petroleum Origin (Withdrawn2012)3D6786 Test Method for Particle Count in Mineral InsulatingOil U

37、sing Automatic Optical Particle CountersD6802 Test Method for Determination of the Relative Con-tent Of Dissolved Decay Products in Mineral InsulatingOils by SpectrophotometryD6871 Specification for Natural (Vegetable Oil) Ester FluidsUsed in Electrical ApparatusD7150 Test Method for the Determinati

38、on of Gassing Char-acteristics of Insulating Liquids Under Thermal StressD7151 Test Method for Determination of Elements in Insu-lating Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emis-sion Spectrometry (ICP-AES)2.2 ASTM Adjunct:4Adjunct to D1250 Guide for Petroleum Measurement Tables(API MPMS Chapter

39、 11.1)SAMPLING3. Sampling3.1 Accurate sampling, whether of the complete contents oronly parts thereof, is extremely important from the standpointof evaluation of the quality of the product sampled. Obviously,careless sampling procedure or contamination in the samplingequipment will result in a sampl

40、e that is not truly representa-tive. This generally leads to erroneous conclusions concerningquality and incurs loss of the time, effort, and expense involvedin securing, transporting, and testing the sample.3.2 Sample the insulating oil in accordance with PracticesD923 as appropriate.PHYSICAL PROPE

41、RTIES4. Aniline Point4.1 ScopeTest Method D611 covers the determination ofthe aniline point of petroleum products, provided that theaniline point is below the bubble point and above the solidifi-cation point of the aniline-sample mixture.4.2 Summary of Test Method:4.2.1 Test Method D611Equal volumes

42、 of aniline and testspecimen or aniline and test specimen plus n-heptane areplaced in a tube and mixed mechanically. The mixture is heatedat a controlled rate until the two phases become miscible. Themixture is then cooled at a controlled rate, and the temperatureat which the two phases separate is

43、recorded as the anilinepoint.4.3 Significance and UseThe aniline point of an insulatingoil indicates the solvency of the oil for some materials that arein contact with the oil. A higher aniline point implies a loweraromaticity and a lower degree of solvency for some materials.5. Coefficient of Therm

44、al Expansion5.1 ScopePractice D1903 covers the determination of thecoefficient of thermal expansion of electrical insulating liquidsof petroleum origin.5.2 Definition:5.2.1 coeffcient of thermal expansionthe change in vol-ume per unit volume per degree change in temperature. It iscommonly stated as

45、the average coefficient over a giventemperature range.5.3 Summary of Test MethodThe specific gravity of insu-lating oils is determined at two temperatures below 90C andseparated by not less than 5C nor more than 14C. Testmethods used may be D287, D1217, D1298,orD1481. Thecalculation of average coeff

46、icient of thermal expansion overthis temperature range is given in Practice D1903.5.4 Significance and UseAknowledge of the coefficient ofexpansion of a liquid is essential to compute the required sizeof a container to accommodate a volume of liquid over the fulltemperature range to which it will be

47、 subjected. It is also usedto compute the volume of void space that would exist in aninelastic device filled with the liquid after the liquid has cooledto a lower temperature.6. Color6.1 ScopeTest Method D1500 covers the visual determi-nation of color of a wide variety of liquid petroleum products,i

48、ncluding mineral insulating oils.6.2 Summary of Test Method:6.2.1 Test Method D1500The test specimen is placed in aglass sample jar (an ordinary 125-mL test specimen bottle is4Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No. ADJ-ADJD1250. Original adjunct produced in 1983.D117 183sa

49、tisfactory for routine tests). The color of the sample bytransmitted light is compared with a series of tinted glassstandards. The glass standard matching the sample is selected,or if an exact match is not possible, the next darker glass isselected. The results are reported numerically on a scale of 0.5to 8.0.6.3 SignificanceA low color number is an essential re-quirement for inspection of assembled apparatus in a tank. Anincrease in the color number during service is an indicator ofdeterioration or contamination of the insulating oil.7. Examination: Visual/Infrare