ACI 330 2R-2017 Guide for the Design and Construction of Concrete Site Paving for Industrial and Trucking Facilities.pdf

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1、Guide for the Design and Construction of Concrete Site Paving for Industrial and Trucking FacilitiesReported by ACI Committee 330ACI 330.2R-17First PrintingMay 2017ISBN: 978-1-945487-60-6Guide for the Design and Construction of Concrete Site Paving for Industrial and Trucking FacilitiesCopyright by

2、the American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or copied, in whole or part, in any printed, mechanical, electronic, film, or other distribution and storage media, without the written consent of ACI.The technical committees responsible

3、for ACI committee reports and standards strive to avoid ambiguities, omissions, and errors in these documents. In spite of these efforts, the users of ACI documents occasionally find information or requirements that may be subject to more than one interpretation or may be incomplete or incorrect. Us

4、ers who have suggestions for the improvement of ACI documents are requested to contact ACI via the errata website at http:/concrete.org/Publications/DocumentErrata.aspx. Proper use of this document includes periodically checking for errata for the most up-to-date revisions.ACI committee documents ar

5、e intended for the use of individuals who are competent to evaluate the significance and limitations of its content and recommendations and who will accept responsibility for the application of the material it contains. Individuals who use this publication in any way assume all risk and accept total

6、 responsibility for the application and use of this information.All information in this publication is provided “as is” without warranty of any kind, either express or implied, including but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose or non-infringeme

7、nt.ACI and its members disclaim liability for damages of any kind, including any special, indirect, incidental, or consequential damages, including without limitation, lost revenues or lost profits, which may result from the use of this publication.It is the responsibility of the user of this docume

8、nt to establish health and safety practices appropriate to the specific circumstances involved with its use. ACI does not make any representations with regard to health and safety issues and the use of this document. The user must determine the applicability of all regulatory limitations before appl

9、ying the document and must comply with all applicable laws and regulations, including but not limited to, United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) health and safety standards.Participation by governmental representatives in the work of the American Concrete Institute and in

10、 the development of Institute standards does not constitute governmental endorsement of ACI or the standards that it develops.Order information: ACI documents are available in print, by download, on CD-ROM, through electronic subscription, or reprint and may be obtained by contacting ACI.Most ACI st

11、andards and committee reports are gathered together in the annually revised ACI Manual of Concrete Practice (MCP).American Concrete Institute38800 Country Club DriveFarmington Hills, MI 48331Phone: +1.248.848.3700Fax: +1.248.848.3701www.concrete.orgThis guide provides information useful in the desig

12、n and construc-tion of a successful site-paving project for heavy-duty industrial and trucking facilities. This information assists architects/engi-neers, contractors, and testing agencies with designing, detailing, constructing, repairing, and inspecting site paving. Engineers use this guide to mak

13、e recommendations for the pavement support system, concrete mixture, pavement thickness, joint spacing, and load transfer devices. Thickness design tables are including for common over-the-road trucks and industrial lift trucks. Tables are also provided to check the pavement thickness for punching s

14、hear and concrete strength for bearing stress applied by loaded trailers that have been disconnected from the tractor. Contractors use this guide to understand proper ways to construct site paving with block or strip placements and avoid common mistakes made during construction. Proper placing, cons

15、olidating, and finishing tech-niques are described to construct a durable pavement that complies with the project documents. Inspectors and testing agencies use this guide to understand the design and be better equipped to monitor the project from stripping and grubbing of the site to concrete pavem

16、ent curing. Testing and inspection included in this guide should only be done by individuals holding the appropriate certifications.Keywords: industrial pavement; joint stability; lift truck; lug anchor; over-the-road truck; pavement support system; sustainable industrial pavement system; unreinforc

17、ed concrete pavement.CONTENTSCHAPTER 1GENERAL, p. 21.1Introduction, p. 21.2Scope, p. 31.3Background, p. 3CHAPTER 2NOTATION AND DEFINITIONS, p. 32.1Notation, p. 32.2Definitions, p. 3CHAPTER 3SUBGRADES AND SUBBASES, p. 43.1Pavement support system, p. 43.2Subgrade/subbase failure modes, p. 53.3Subgrade

18、 considerations, p. 53.4Subbase considerations, p. 8CHAPTER 4PAVEMENT DESIGN, p. 104.1Introduction, p. 104.2Loads, p. 114.3Concrete properties, p. 134.4Jointing, p. 144.5Reinforcement, p. 18Robert L. Varner, ChairACI 330.2R-17Guide for the Design and Construction of Concrete Site Paving for Industri

19、al and Trucking FacilitiesReported by ACI Committee 330David J. AkersRichard O. AlbrightJ. Howard AllredBryan M. BirdwellDavid W. BuzzelliMichael W. CookTim CostCraig M. DahlgrenMichael S. DavyNorbert J. DelatteDouglas W. DenoBruce A. GlaspeyR. Scott HaislipOmer HeracklisJerry A. HollandKenneth G. K

20、azanis*Frank A. KozeliskiFrank LennoxJohn R. Love IIIAmy MillerJon I. MullarkyScott M. PalottaNigel K. ParkesJan R. PrusinskiDavid RichardsonRobert Alan RoddenDavid M. SuchorskiScott M. TarrChristopher R. TullDiep T. TuJason D. Wimberly*Chair of the task group that prepared this guide.Consulting Mem

21、bersD. Gene Daniel Don J. WadeACI Committee Reports, Guides, and Commentaries are intended for guidance in planning, designing, executing, and inspecting construction. This document is intended for the use of individuals who are competent to evaluate the significance and limitations of its content a

22、nd recommendations and who will accept responsibility for the application of the material it contains. The American Concrete Institute disclaims any and all responsibility for the stated principles. The Institute shall not be liable for any loss or damage arising therefrom.Reference to this document

23、 shall not be made in contract documents. If items found in this document are desired by the Architect/Engineer to be a part of the contract documents, they shall be restated in mandatory language for incorporation by the Architect/Engineer.ACI 330.2R-17 was adopted and published May 2017Copyright 2

24、017, American Concrete Institute.All rights reserved including rights of reproduction and use in any form or by any means, including the making of copies by any photo process, or by electronic or mechanical device, printed, written, or oral, or recording for sound or visual reproduction or for use i

25、n any knowledge or retrieval system or device, unless permission in writing is obtained from the copyright proprietors.14.6Joint stability (load transfer), p. 194.7Thickness design, p. 234.8Other design features, p. 29CHAPTER 5CONCRETE MATERIALS AND MIXTURE PROPORTIONING, p. 325.1Introduction, p. 32

26、5.2Cementitious materials, p. 325.3Mixing water, p. 335.4Aggregates, p. 335.5Admixtures, p. 335.6Concrete mixture design, p. 34CHAPTER 6CONSTRUCTION, p. 366.1Introduction, p. 366.2Subgrade and subbase preparation, p. 376.3Layout for construction, p. 386.4Forming and use of rigid screed guides, p. 39

27、6.5Concrete placement, screeding, and finishing, p. 406.6Installation of the different joint types, p. 446.7Joint sealing or filling, p. 476.8Curing, p. 476.9Special considerations for adverse weather condi-tions, p. 486.10Striping, p. 496.11Opening to traffic, p. 49CHAPTER 7INSPECTION AND TESTING,

28、p. 497.1Introduction, p. 497.2Site preparation and grading, p. 497.3Subgrade and subbase, p. 507.4Forming, p. 507.5Reinforcing steel, p. 517.6Concrete quality, p. 517.7Concrete curing, p. 527.8Jointing, p. 527.9Surface texture, p. 52CHAPTER 8MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR, p. 528.1Introduction, p. 528.2Surf

29、ace sealing, p. 528.3Joint resealing and crack sealing, p. 528.4Partial depth repair, p. 538.5Full-depth repair, p. 538.6Undersealing and leveling, p. 53CHAPTER 9SUSTAINABILITY AND INDUSTRIAL CONCRETE PAVEMENTS, p. 549.1Sustainability considerations, p. 549.2Concrete as a sustainable industrial pave

30、ment system, p. 549.3Life cycle analysis, p. 56CHAPTER 10REFERENCES, p. 56Authored documents, p. 58APPENDIX ASOIL CLASSIFICATIONS AND DYNAMIC CONE PENETROMETER, p. 60A.1Soil classifications, p. 60A.2Dynamic cone penetrometer, p. 60APPENDIX BTHICKNESS DESIGN SOFTWARE AND THICKNESS DESIGN EXAMPLE, p.

31、60B.1Proprietary design software, p. 60B.2Thickness design example, p. 62APPENDIX CLOAD TRANSFER THROUGH ENHANCED AGGREGATE INTERLOCK, p. 65C.1Load transfer through enhanced aggregate inter-lock, p. 65APPENDIX DDRYING AND THERMAL EXPANSION AND CONTRACTIO OF CONCRETE, p. 66D.1Drying and thermal expan

32、sion and contraction, p. 66D.2Curling and warping, p. 66D.3Factors that affect shrinkage, curling, and warping, p. 66D.4Compressive strength and shrinkage, p. 67D.5Relation between curing and curling and warping, p. 67D.6Curling and warping stresses in relation to joint spacing, p. 67CHAPTER 1GENERA

33、L1.1IntroductionConcrete provides a strong and durable surface for vehicle maneuvering and storage areas, making it especially suited for site paving at industrial and trucking facilities. Concrete site paving for industrial and trucking facilities has many similarities to other types of concrete pa

34、vements, such as typical concrete parking lots, streets, and highways. Service distinctions may include traffic speed and zones dedicated specifically to multi-directional or channelized traffic flow. These facilities are often constructed to serve not only over-the-road trucks, but industrial lift

35、trucks, such as those imposed by dolly wheels and trailer pads, tracked vehicles, other nontraditional vehicles, and other vehicular-related static loads such as trailers dropped on-site between loading and off-loading. Industrial and trucking facilities have paved areas that are generally larger in

36、 size than most parking lots. The scale of these projects and the comparatively high traffic count and special loads generally justify more attention to design than typical parking lots. These distinctions along with changing technologies initiated the development of this guide.Note that ACI 330R ca

37、n be used as a resource for some similarly-described facilities. Each document has been developed as a stand-alone guide that provides critical design information and recommended construction prac-tices for successful paving projects. Guide selection to a specific project should consider the specifi

38、c traffic level to be accommodated as well as the design load types, espe-American Concrete Institute Copyrighted Material www.concrete.org2 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF CONCRETE SITE PAVING FOR INDUSTRIAL AND TRUCKING FACILITIES (ACI 330.2R-17)cially if they include industrial lift trucks and other s

39、pecial loads, the percentage of accommodated vehicles (which are very heavy), site geotechnical considerations such as in-place subgrade character and drainage, joint spacing, and potential future uses of the facility. In general, this guide is intended for facilities with heavier design loads, nons

40、tandard vehicles, higher volumes of heavy trucks, or both. Exam-ples of such facilities include warehouses, factories, truck terminals, heavy equipment sales and service distribution centers, and ports. ACI 330R is intended for use when truck loads are generally lighter, traffic volumes lower, or bo

41、th, though many successful projects accommodating higher average daily truck traffic of mixed vehicle loads have been designed using ACI 330R. Examples of typical parking lots most consistent with the intended scope of ACI 330R would include concrete pavements for apartment complexes, shop-ping mall

42、s, convenience stores, gas stations, banks, and office buildings.Concrete offers many advantages over asphalt for pave-ments at industrial or trucking facilities. Concrete provides greater surface and pavement system durability and favor-able economics with respect to life-cycle costs, and some-time

43、s even with initial construction costs. Facility night-time illumination can be provided at a lower cost with concrete due to concrete surface reflectance. Concrete also reduces traffic load stresses imposed on subbase and subgrade soils and can be constructed with a wide variety of construction equ

44、ipment, ranging from hand tools and vibratory screeds, to laser-guided screeds and large highway paving equip-ment. The sustainable construction benefits of concrete are also an important consideration in pavement type selection (Chapter 9).The paired values stated in inch-pound and SI units are usu

45、ally not exact equivalents. Therefore, each system is to be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems could result in nonconformance with this guide.1.2ScopeThis guide is based on the current knowledge and prac-tices for the design, construction, and maintenance of concr

46、ete site pavements for industrial and trucking facili-ties, emphasizing the aspects of concrete pavement tech-nology that are different from procedures used to design and construct floor slabs, parking lots, streets, and highways. This guide is neither a standard nor a specification, and it is not i

47、ntended to be included by reference in construction contract documents.Pavements for industrial and trucking facilities are designed similarly to parking lots, streets, and highways, but with a few key technical differences. Site pavements have most loads imposed on interior panels surrounded by oth

48、er pavement, which provide varying degrees of panel edge support or load transfer on all sides. Other pavement appli-cations may carry loads along and across relatively unsup-ported edges, where greater deflections and stresses are not a significant concern due to lighter design traffic. Streets and

49、 highways are commonly designed to drain toward an edge where storm water can be carried away from the pave-ment. Site pavements are commonly designed so a portion of the storm water is collected internally and conveyed away through underground systems. Site pavements often accom-modate appurtenances, such as drainage structures, lighting standards, bollards, and fuel islands. Provisions for these appurtenances should be considered in the design, layout, and construction of the crack-control (jointing) sys