2019高考英语语法突破四大篇第三部分专题4数词讲义.doc

《2019高考英语语法突破四大篇第三部分专题4数词讲义.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2019高考英语语法突破四大篇第三部分专题4数词讲义.doc（14页珍藏版）》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。

1、1专题 4 数词框架结构图基数词的构成及作用1.常用基数词表 one eleven thirtytwo twelve fortythree thirteen fiftyfour fourteen sixtyfive fifteen seventysix sixteen eightyseven seventeen ninetyeight eighteen hundrednine nineteen thousandten twentymillion/billion2.基数词构成歌诀1至 12逐个记，13 至 19 teen结尾。20至 90整十位，ty 结尾是后缀。要是表示“几十几” ，连字符十位

2、连个位。若要表示“几百几” ，hundred 之后 and立。若要用于复合形容词，连字符相连不加-s。2注意：(1)hundred，thousand，million，billion 等词前有基数词或 several时，须用单数；与 of连用时，用复数，但其前面不能再加数词。如：six hundred people hundreds of people(2)dozen前有具体数词修饰时，用单数，of 可省略；当 dozen后面接these，those，them，us 等词时，须先接 of，再接这些词，但 dozen仍不加-s；dozens of中的 of不可省。score 用法和 dozen相当

3、，但 of一般不省略。several dozen pencils dozens of studentsthree dozen of these eggs two dozen of themtwo score of eggs scores of books3.基数词的位置常位于 another，all 之后，such，more 之前，可置于 last，next，other 之前或之后。another two days all the ten booksone more apple two such penshis last two days/his two last days4.基数词的句法功能

4、(1)主语Three will be enough.(2)宾语The city has a population of three million.(3)表语The population of this city is nearly two million.(4)同位语They two went to the cinema.(5)定语The river is about eight miles long.序数词的构成及作用1.常用序数词表 first eleventh thirtiethsecond twelfth fortieththird thirteenth fiftiethfourth

5、 fourteenth sixtiethfifth fifteenth seventieth3sixth sixteenth eightiethseventh seventeenth ninetietheighth eighteenth hundredthninth nineteenth thousandthtenth twentiethmillionth/billionth注意：21 以上的多位数词，只将末位数变为序数词，前面的其他位数仍用基数词。如：21sttwenty-first；22ndtwenty-second；33rdthirty-third；100thone hundredth2

6、.序数词的句法功能(1)定语the first day of the weekmy first visit to Beijing (2)表语You are the first to leave.(3)主语The second was even worse.(4)同位语Tom，the first，is here.(5)宾语Do you prefer the first or the second?注意：序数词前一般要加定冠词 the或形容词性物主代词。This is the first one.This is her second visit to Japan.序数词前有时可用不定冠词 a，此时

7、不强调顺序。 “a序数词”相当于 another，表示“又一个，再一个” 。Youd better try a third time.数词的应用1.用于构成分数、百分数、小数one thirdtwo thirds/two-thirds two-fifths of the studentsthirty percent of the water4six point four注意：表示几分之几(或百分之几)的人或物时，须在分数(或百分数)和人或物之间加 of。若充当主语，谓语动词的数应与 of后面的名词的数保持一致。如：Seventy percent of her income was spent

8、on clothes.2.倍数表达法(1)A谓语倍数as原级asBThe bag is twice as big as that one.(2)A谓语倍数as many/much名词asBI have twice as many books as he (does).(3)A谓语倍数比较级thanBThis classroom is three times bigger than ours.(4)A谓语倍数the size(width/length/height/depth 等)ofBYour piece of bread is three times the size of mine.注意：

9、表达倍数时，常用 half表示“一半” ，用 double或 twice表示“两倍” ，用基数词times 表示三或三倍以上。3.日期的表达(1)某年：in数字in 2018(2)某月：in月份in May(3)某年某月：in月年in May 2018(4)某年某月某日：on月日/on日月，年on May 1(st)/1(st) May,20184.时刻的表达twenty-one past/after eight或 eight twenty-onefour to/of nine或 eight fifty-sixhalf past eight或 eight thirtya quarter to/

10、of ten或 nine forty-five5.年代的表达the early 1920s/1920sthe early twentiesthe mid-eighties6.其他特殊表达5(1)表示“每一段时间”或“每隔”every three days/every fourth dayevery other dayevery few days(2)表示年龄in ones teensin ones twentiesat the age of 17He is twenty years old.He is a man of twenty.He is a twenty-year-old man.(3

11、)用于习语中one at a time one by one ten out of ten1.数词的拼写错误fourty(误)forty(正)ninty(误)ninety(正)nineth(误)ninth(正)twentith(误)twentieth(正)twentieth-first(误)twenty-first(正)three fifth(误)three fifths(正)the 2th of February(误)the 2nd of February(正)One Thousand One Nights(误)One Thousand and One Nights(正)2.特殊表达中的错误

12、every other days(误)every other day(正)in his tens(误)in his teens(正)several dozens of them(误)several dozen of them(正)more two days(误)two more days/another two days(正)Youd better try the third time.(误)Youd better try a third time.(正).单句语法填空1.Actually，this latest childrens version，belonging to a program

13、 titled Xiao 6Xigu (literally，young artists)，is in honor of the thirtieth(thirty) anniversary of the 1987 work，praised as the most classic.(2018安徽皖北协作区高三联考)解析 “the序数词”表示特指“第几个” ，故填 thirtieth。2.I am still thankful to my uncle for teaching me to ride a bike on my ninth(nine) birthday. (2017东北师范大学附中模拟)

14、解析 句意为：我依旧感谢叔叔在我九岁生日(第九个生日)时教我学会骑自行车。3.He missed the gold in the high jump，but will get a second chance in the long jump. (2012大纲全国)解析 在序数词前用 a，则表示“再次，还有”之意。.单句改错(每小题仅有 1处错误)1.I am more than happy to know you got first prize in the speech contest.athe(2018湖南张家界三模)解析 the first prize为固定用法，意为 “第一名，一等奖”

15、 ，而且英语中表示顺序的序数词前一般用 the来表示顺序。所以句中的 a first prize中的 a要改为 the。2.During the days，a series of English activities were sixthsixorganized.(2018云南师大附中模拟)解析 during 后接时间段，此处表示六天，故用基数词。如果表达在第六天，则说 on the sixth day。3.In the summer holiday following my birthday，I took driving eighteeneighteenthlessons.(2017全国)解

16、析 表达多少岁生日用序数词，因此 eighteen应该改为 eighteenth。4.I still remember how hard first day was.(2017全国) the/my解析 句意为：我仍然记得第一天有多艰难。表示第几天，序数词前要加定冠词 the或者用限定词进行修饰。5.Its a big city with a population of about 7 .(2017河南毕业班高考millionsmillion适应性练习)7解析 million 前有基数词 7，须用单数。6.I want to have a pen friend，hopefully a girl

17、in early twenties，and with theherinterests similar to mine.(2017河南六市联考)解析 表示不确定的年龄，用 in ones 逢十的基数词的复数形式。.单句语法填空1.There is(be) one desk and three chairs in the room.2.Whats the date today?Its the fourth(four) of July.3.There are buses to the station every twentieth(twenty) minute.4.She was the first

18、 woman to win(win) the gold medal in the Olympic Games.5.In order to find a better job，he decided to study a second foreign language.单句改错(每小题仅有 1处错误)1.Two hundred dollars not large for us，and its easy for us to gain in areistwo days.2.Every year， of people die from illness caused by smoking.millionm

19、illions3.I have already got two letters from Susan this year，and this is third atheone.4.We are told that Professor Chen lives on the floor of this twentytwotwentysecondbuilding.5.Two-fifths of the on display are new items.machinemachines.数词填空(数词专练)There are 1.four seasons in a year：spring，summer，au

20、tumn and winter.A year can also be divided into 2.twelve months.Each month is divided into 3.three periods：the first，the middle and the last ten-day period.Mothers Day falls on the 4.second Sunday of May while Fathers Day on the 5.third Sunday of June every year.The 6.twelfth month of the year is De

21、cember.There are 7.fifty-two complete weeks plus an extra day，or 8.two in a year because there are 9.three hundred and sixty-five days in a common year but 810.three hundred and sixty-six days in a leap year.单句语法填空(一)1.We can relax ourselves(we) while reading her blog.2.That young man is honest，coop

22、erative，always there when you need his help.In short，hes reliable.3.A successful learner is an independent one，who has both a determined will and amazing patience.4.They are heading for Florida for their(they) honeymoon and plan to frame the treasured picture as soon as they get back.5.The dictionar

23、y is what I want，but I dont have enough money with me.6.She did not hesitate for long；although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while，she knew that this was a present which was bound to please him(he).7.In the end，the young men found that working hard is truly a treasure in itself.8.The quali

24、ty of education in this small school is better than that in some larger schools.9.This region is home to many species of wild flowers.10.She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on the top floor.11.At the bad news，the woman put her hands over her eyes and cried out.12.If you keep

25、on writing，you will have a brighter future，likely to become a J.K.Rowling.13.I hate it when someone makes a mess of my learning materials on my desk.14.A woman，sitting next to the boy，discovered he was on a school trip and was told to meet his teacher at the bus stop.15.We used to mistake that heavy

26、 objects fell faster than light ones.(二)16.The problem should be handled very carefully to balance the needs of people with those of nature.17.He said it was not nice to eat meat with ones fingers because they were not always clean.918.The driver was at a loss when word came that he was forbidden to

27、 drive for speeding.19.He knew very well the hare ran a hundred times faster than he himself(him) did.20.Johnny Carson began his career in television in his twenties(twenty).21.Whether its your birthday or a friend or family members，decorating your home can be as enjoyable as the party itself(it).22

28、.Fresh air，sunlight and enough physical exercise are needed for a healthy body.23.So if you have not prepared enough，having some indoor amusements is also a good choice，which may be much cheaper and easier to carry out.24.“Never mind， ” I said.“At least youll know when your trains late，mine(I) will

29、be，too.”25.My father is stout and strong, with a severe look on his face and keen expressive eyes.单句改错(每小题仅有 1处错误)(一)1.An accident happening a rainy Sunday afternoon changed my attitude.inon2.I think it good habit that in our spare time we read more books of great ause.3.Yesterday，one of my favorite

30、 stamps was lost，which made me really upset.I looked for it everywhere and asked everybody in the room，but still I couldnt find .themit4.To improve my grades，I paid more attention the teachers talking in fortoclass.5.Three years ago I failed an important exam in my life and became a student in ordin

31、ary school.aan6.It is possible that some of may have a brother or sister.weus7.Classes taught in English provide students a better language environment.forwith108.For the sake of our safety and the others safety，we should obey the traffic rules.9.As I was waiting my order to come，I noticed an old ma

32、n in a wheelchair forroll himself over to a table.10.Ive been very busy recently，for Ive been preparing for coming theexam，which is vital for me and my future life.11.Ive always been dreaming of having an opportunity to travel in English-speaking countries like to practise and improve my English.you

33、ryours12.Up to now，he has become member of our family and everyone has enjoyed ahis company.13.After class，I learned from the teacher that my deskmate would have dropped out of school if she hadnt been helped others.withby14.If I have such a pen friend，I think we can share our travelling experiences

34、 with each other，taking care of pets，or whatever we have something in common.15.There was once elderly woman in a nursing home.aan(二)16.In middle of the term，I became one of the best players in my school. the17.I take great pride this experience because it not only helps me realize ofinthat I can ac

35、hieve my potential through hard work，but makes me know the proverb “Practice makes perfect”.18.Last Sunday I saw worst storm in years.It came suddenly and went on for atheover three hours.19.We all love those things so much that we travel of miles to be thousandthousandsaround people who love the th

36、ings that we love the way that we love them.20.I put a little oil，salt and sugar on the steak and mixed together.itthem21.First，be aware of your advantages and accept .youyourself22.A large number of students attended to the contest and showed their 11wonderful performances.23.On the stage，though fa

37、cing great pressure，the speakers bravely overcame it and challenged to achieve great success.themthemselves24.Through such activity，we know a lot more about our students. an25.Also moving up on the list this year is spinach(菠菜)，which jumps from the to the second most polluted product.eighteighth.语法填

38、空(2018吉林长春四模)No matter where you are，humans are constantly measuring and checking time.Some of us are good at itplanning and doing things ahead of time,1. others are always trying to beat the clock and do things at the eleventh hour.Tardiness(拖拉) can be serious.If you 2. (be) one minute late for wor

39、k，would you resign? It may sound extreme，but that is exactly 3. occurred in the UK upper chamber of parliament，the House of Lords，in January 2018.International development minister Lord Bates arrived one minute late，and，as a result，was unable to answer a 4. (schedule) question.Instead of trying 5. (

40、make) up for lost time，as many might do，he resigned on 6. spot.He apologized for his discourtesy(无礼) and stated that he was ashamed.His resignation，though,7. (reject) by the UK prime minister.So，how late is too late？Many cultures take punctuality very seriously.In contrast，others seem to view tardin

41、ess 8. just the normal way of things.What is considered acceptable is based on culture.That is，if you dont mind waiting，it might be best to attend your 9. (appoint) in good time.And if the worst comes to the worst，remember the old English proverb， “10. (well) late than never.”语 篇 解 读 这 是 一 篇 说 明 文 。

42、 文 章 主 要 讨 论 了 不 同 文 化 中 人 们 对 迟 到 的 不 同 看 法 。1.答案 while解析 考查连词。该空的前后两句话之间是对比关系，所以这里应该填连词 while。122.答案 were解析 考查虚拟语气。本句是 if引导的条件状语从句，即非真实条件句。此处是对现在情况的虚拟，所以这里 be动词为 were。3.答案 what解析 考查连接代词。本句是表语从句，从句中缺少主语，这里的主语指代的是事情，所以用 what。4.答案 scheduled解析 考查形容词。在冠词 a和名词 question之间应该用形容词，所以把 schedule变成形容词形式 schedu

43、led(预定的)。5.答案 to make解析 考查动词不定式。固定搭配 try to do sth.(努力做某事)，所以这里填 to make。6.答案 the解析 考查定冠词。固定短语 on the spot(在现场)。句意为：他并没有像许多人那样，试图弥补失去的时间，而是当场辞职。所以这里应该填冠词 the。7.答案 was rejected解析 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据本段时态和句意可知，主语 resignation和reject为动宾关系，故用过去时的被动形式。句意为：尽管他的辞呈被英国首相拒绝了。故用 was rejected。8.答案 as解析 考查介词。固定搭配 view

44、.as.把看作。句意为：相比之下，其他人似乎认为迟到是正常的事情。所以这里填 as。9.答案 appointment(s)解析 考查名词。形容词性物主代词后面应该跟名词。句意为：如果你不介意等的话，最好在合适的时间去参加你的约会。所以这里填 appointment(s)。10.答案 Better解析 考查比较级。英语谚语“Better late than never”(迟做总比不做好)。所以这里应该填 Better。.短文改错(2018广东深圳一调)I woke up lately yesterday because my alarm clock didnt ring.With no time

45、 for the breakfast，I rushed out of my house.I had intended to catch the 7：30 subway，and I didnt make it.Have little time left，I take a taxi instead.I arrived at the school only find，with great sadness mixed with some relief，that the school where should have been full of students was empty.It 13was S

46、aturday.However，our ill luck showed no sign of coming at an end.When I returned home，I found myself lock out.I had forgotten to bring the key.Just my luck!答案 I woke up yesterday because my alarm clock didnt ring.With no time latelylatefor the breakfast，I rushed out of my house.I had intended to catc

47、h the 7：30 subway， I didnt make it. little time left，I a taxi instead.I andbut HaveHaving taketookarrived at the school only find，with great sadness mixed with some torelief，that the school should have been full of students was wherethat/whichempty.It was Saturday.However， ill luck showed no sign of coming an ourmy attoend.When I returned home，I found myself out.I had forgotten to bring locklockedthe key.Just my luck!14