外研版初一英语语法完整总结.ppt

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1、七年级语法复习,动词be（is,am,are）的用法,我(I)用am, 你(you)用are，is跟着他(he)，她(she)，它(it)。 单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。 Eg:Your house is very big. Your houses are all very big. 变否定，更容易，be后not加上去。 Eg: 变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。 Eg:Is your house very big? 还有一条须注意，句首大写莫忘记。,this，that和it用法,(1)this和that是指示代词，it是人称代词。 (2)距离说话人近的人或物用this, 距离说话人远的

2、人或物用that。如： Eg:This is a flower. 这是一朵花。(近处) That is a tree. 那是一棵树。(远处) (3)放在一起的两样东西，先说this, 后说that。 如： This is a pen. That is a pencil. 这是一支钢笔。那是一支铅笔。 (4)向别人介绍某人时说This is, 不说That is。如： This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom. 这是海伦，海伦，这是汤姆。 (5)This is 不能缩写, 而That is可以缩写。如： This is a bike. Thats a car. 这是一辆

3、自行车。那是一辆轿车。,(6)打电话时，介绍自己用this, 询问对方用that。如： Hello! Is that Miss Green? 喂，是格林小姐吗？ Yes, this is. Whos that? 是的，我是，你是谁？ 注意：虽然汉语中使用“我”和“你”，但英语中打电话时绝不可以说：I am, Are you？/Who are you? (7)在回答this或that作主语的疑问句时, 要用it代替this或that。如： Is this a notebook? 这是笔记本吗？ Yes, it is. 是的，它是。 Whats that? 那是什么？ Its a kite. 是只

4、风筝。,3these和those用法,(1)this, that, these和those是指示代词，these是this的复数形式,指时间,距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是that的复数形式,指时间、距离较远或前面已经提到过的人或事物。 This is my bed. That is Lilys bed. 这是我的床。那是莉莉的 床。 These pictures are good. 那些画很好。 Are those apple trees? 那些是苹果树吗？ (2)在回答主语是these或those的疑问句时，通常用they代替these或those以避免重复。如： Are t

5、hese/those your apples? 这些(那些)是你的苹果吗？ Yes, they are. 是的，他们是。,4名词s所有格,（1）单数名词后直接加 “ s ”： 如：Jims coat 吉姆的外套 Jeffs mother杰夫的妈妈 （2）以s结尾的复数名词，只加“ ” 如：Teachers Day教师节 the twins books双胞胎的书 （3） 不以s结尾的不规则的名词复数，加“ s ” 如：Childrens Day 儿童节 mens shoes男式鞋 （4）表示两者共同拥有时，只在最后一个名词后加s 如：Lucy and Lilys mother 露茜和莉莉的妈妈(

6、共同的妈妈，一个妈妈) （5）表示两者各自拥有时，要在每个名词后加s 如：Lucys and Kates rooms 露茜和凯特的房间（各自的房间，两间房子）,5There be句型,(1)There be句型主要用以表达“某处（某时）有某人（某物）。其基本结构为“There be某物（某人）某地（某时）”其中there是引导词，没有词义；主语是be后面的名词， be是谓语动词，在一般现在时中be只用is和are两种形式。下面这首歌诀可帮你巧记there be句型结构： There be放句首，主语跟在后。地、时放句末，强调置前头。如： There is a book on the desk.

7、 有时为了强调地点，也可把介词短语放在句首。如： On the desk there is a book.,(2)There be句型中的be动词如何确定呢？请先看看下面这首歌诀： Be动词，有三个，am，is还有are。“There be”真特别，不留am只留俩，那就是is还有are。要用is还是are，须看其后的名词是单数还是复数。若是单数或不可数名词用is，否则就用are。如： There is a tree behind the house. There is some water（水）in the bottle（瓶子）. There are some pears in the box

8、.,(3)注意：如果“be”后的主语是由and连接的两个或两个以上的名词，那么be的形式要遵循“远亲不如近邻”的原则。也就是说，“be”的形式是由与它最近的那个名词来确定的。若那个名词是单数或不可数名词要用is，是复数就用are。如： There is a book and some pens on the floor. There are some pens and a book on the floor.,6like一词的用法,like用作及物动词，译为“喜欢”。(1)后接名词或代词，表示喜欢某人或某物。如： I like the baby very much. 我非常喜欢这个小孩。 (2

9、)后接动名词(v. -ing)，表示“喜欢做某事”，着重于习惯、爱好。如： Tom likes playing football. 汤姆喜欢踢足球。 (3)后接动词不定式(to do )，表示“偶尔地喜欢做某事”，着重于某次具体的行为。如： I like reading, but I like to watch TV this evening. 我喜欢读书，但我今晚想看电视。,7句子单数变复数，注意以下五要素,(1)主格人称代词要变成相应的复数主格人称代词,即Iwe, youyou，she,he,it they。 如：She is a girl. They are girls. (2)am，i

10、s要变为are。如： Im a student. We are students. (3)不定冠词a，an要去掉。如： He is a boy. They are boys. (4)普通单数名词要变为复数形式。如： It is an apple. They are apples. (5)指示代词this，that要变为these，those。如： This is a box. These are boxes.,8英语日期的表示法,英语中月份和星期名称都是专有名词，它们的首字母必须大写，并且前面无需用冠词。如：On Monday 用英语表示日期，其顺序为月+日+年，日和年之间需用逗号隔开。如：A

11、ugust 2nd，2003(2003年8月2日)。 也可以用日+月+年来表示。如：10th May，2003(2003年5月10日) 英语日期前介词的使用：若指在哪一年或哪一月，则用介词in，若具体到某一天，则需用介词on。,9.时间的表达法,(1) 直读式，即直接读出时间数字 7: 05 seven five 8:16 eight sixteen (2) 过、差式，即几点差几分，几点过几分。（以30分为分界线） 1:25 twenty - five past one 2:30 half past two 3:43 seventeen to four 4:38 twenty-two to f

12、ive (3)12小时制 6:00 a.m. 上午6点 8:20 p.m. 下午8点20分 (4)24小时制 13:00 13点钟 22:15 22点15分 (5)15分可用quarter 4:15 a quarter past four 5:45 a quarter to six(6)时间前通常用at. at 5 oclock at 7:30 p.m.,10. want用法,(1)想干什么用want to do sth They want to join the sports club. 他们想加入运动俱乐部。 (2)第三人称单数作主语，want要作变化 He wants to play b

13、asketball. Li Xia wants to play the piano. (3)变疑问句，否定句要借助助动词do或does. Do you want to play soccer ball ? Yes , I do . / No , I dont. Does he want to go home by bus ? Yes , he does . / No , he doesnt,11否定句,含有否定词not或 no的句子。 改否定句的方法：先加后借 在句中找到Be动词（am, is, are）或情态动词（can,may,could,would,will），在它后面加not；找不到以

14、上词时，借dont或doesnt，放在动词前。 注意：句子是三单主语时，借doesnt；不是三单主语时，借do.并且：doesnt一出现，三单式要滚蛋。 练习 1.She is an American girl 2.I have a good friend 3.She lives in london 4.We go to school by bike,12英文一般疑问句及肯定和否定回答,一般疑问句是以be动词、情态动词和Do/Does开头的，用Yes或No回答的疑问句。 、以be动词开头的一般疑问句及答句 Am I ? Yes,you are./No,you arent. Are you ?

15、Yes,I am./No,Im not. Is he/she/it? Yes,he/she/it is. No,he/she/it isnt. Are we/you/they ? Yes,we/we/they are. No,we/we/they arent. 、以情态动词开头的一般疑问句及答句Can ? Yes,can. No,cant(cannot). 、以Do/Does开头的一般疑问句及答句 Do you +行为动词 ？Yes,I do/No, I dont. Do we/you/they+行为动词 ？Yes,we/they do. No, we/they dont. Does he/s

16、he/it+行为动词 ？Yes, he/she/it does. No, he/she/it doesnt.,注意事项： 1、肯定和否定回答中必须用人称代词主格，即只能用I,we,you,he,she,it,they等，不能出现其它词，特别注意不能用this,that,these,those等指示代词。 2、肯定和否定回答要保持三个单词，因此当am,is,are出现在句尾时，一定不能缩写。如：不能用Yes,Im; Yes,hes;Yes,theyre. 3、am not 不能缩写，如：No,Im not不能用No.I amnt. 4、肯定和否定回答不能出现前后矛盾。如：不能说Yes,he is

17、nt; No,I do; Yes,she doesnt.,改一般疑问句的方法：先找后借 在句中找到Be动词（am, is, are）或情态动词（can,may,could,would,will），把它提到句首；找不到以上词时，借Do或Does，放在句首。 注意：句子是三单主语时，借Does；不是三单主语时，借Do.并且：Does一出现，三单式要滚蛋。 练习： He likes his family members. Does he like his family members? We are singing and dancing. Are you singing and dancing?

18、Mary can ride a bike. Can Mary ride a bike? There is some water in the cup. Is there some water in the cup?,13特殊疑问句,以疑问词开头的疑问句叫特殊疑问句。常用的疑问词有：what who whose where how why等。回答特殊疑问句时，不能用yes/no，要问什么答什么。特殊疑问句的结构：疑问词一般疑问句？ 对划线部分提问就是把句子改为特殊疑问句。方法如下： 把划线部分替换成相应的疑问词，放在句首； 把没划线部分改为一般疑问句，放在疑问词后。 提示：划线部分在句首时，只需

19、第步，没划线的词照抄。如：Maria goes shopping with Miss Wang.-Who goes shopping with Miss Wang?,1、目前所学的动词的形式有4 种：,动词原形；如：do;have;like 动词的三单式（常在动词原形后加s）；如：get-gets 动词不定式（to+动词原形）；如：meet-to meet 动词ing式（动词原形后加ing）如：look-looking,2、表示征求意见或建议邀请的礼貌用语,Would you like +to+动词原形? （你想要吗？） How about+动词ing ?（怎么样？好不好？） What abo

20、ut +动词ing? （怎么样？好不好？） Why not +动词原形? （为什么不呢？） Why dont you +动词原形 ？（你为什么不呢？） Lets +动词原形.（让我们吧。）表示同意、答应：Yes,Id like to./Oh,Id love to.All right/OK.Great!Sure. Good idea!Thanks.Ill be glad toThanks.That would be very nice.Id like that. 表示不同意、拒绝： No,thanks.Sorry,I cant. Id like to.But Im afraid I cant/I

21、 have no time.,3、目前学过的情态动词有can, may,could,would和will等五个,学好情态动词必须把握三个用法： 后必须跟动词原形 ； 没有三单式（其后不能加s）； 可以把情态动词提到句首构成疑问句； 可以在情态动词后面加上not构成否定句。,4、目前学过的后跟动词不定式（to+动词原形）的有：,would like to+动词原形（想要做某事）; want to+动词原形（想要做某事）; forget to+动词原形（忘记要做某事）; like to +动词原形（喜欢做某事）;love to +动词原形（喜欢做某事） ask sb. to +动词原形.（请/叫某

22、人做某事）tell sb. to +动词原形.（告诉/叫某人做某事）would like sb. to +动词原形.（想叫某人做某事）want sb. to +动词原形.（想叫某人做某事） have to +动词原形（必须/不得不做某事）Nice/Glad/happy to +动词原形（很高兴做某事）如：Nice to meet you.Im glad to be here.Its time to +动词原形（是做某事的时候了）Its very kind/nice of you to help me.,英语的一些重要原则,英文句子中至少有一个动词，用来作谓语。如：我很高兴-误：I very h

23、appy.正：I am very happy.她最喜欢熊猫.-误：She favorite pandas.(favorite不是动词) 正：She likes pandas best/Her favorite is pandas. 同一个句子中不能同时用be动词和行为动词。误：I am at six get up. 正：I am get up at six. 误：Are you want to go for a picnic?(Are改为Do) 句子中的单数名词前要带冠词，或用复数名词来表示类别。误：orange is orange. 正：An orange is orange/ Orange

24、s are orange.误：He is doctor.(他是医生) 正：He is a doctor.,限定词的唯一原则限定词是指(1)冠词（定冠词，不定冠词）、(2)形容词性物主代词、(3)指示代词、(4)名词所有格、(5)量词(some, any, no,many , much等)，这五类词只能用一个修饰同一个名词。 如：我的一本书- 误：my a book 正：my book吉姆的这个风筝-误：Jims this/the kite正：Jims kiteyour the bike the some animals that a bus 形容词放在名词前的顺序 数量+大小形状+新旧+颜色+

25、地方出处+名词。my small yellow desk 我的小黄桌an old brown English house 一座旧的棕色的英式房子 英文句子结构顺序主语+ 谓语+ 宾语+小时间+大时间+小地点+大地点。 Kangkang finds Baby monkey at eleven this morning in the zoo in Beijing. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 +小时间+大时间 + 小地点 + 大地点,一般现在时,1. 构成：主语+动词+其他 2. 标志词：always, usually, often, sometimes, never, 等频率副词。 3. 否定句：

26、 1)当动词是 be, can, may, must, should等在其后加not Eg. I cant play football. 2)当是实义动词时加助动词dont/doesnt后跟动词原形 Eg. I dont like football. She doesnt like football. 4. 疑问句：1)当动词是 be, can, may, must, should等将其提前 Eg. Can you swim? 2)当是实义动词时将助动词do/does 放在前面，后跟主语和动词原形。 Eg. Does she like football5. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句,

27、现在进行时,1. 构成：主语+be+doing+其他 2. 动词动词-ing变化规律：1）一般情况下直接加-ing, eg. Working 2）以不发音e结尾的去e加-ing, eg. Taking 3）以辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写末尾辅音字母加-ing, eg. Stopping 4）特殊变化, lielying 3. 标志词：look, listen, now, at the moment, its oclock 4. 否定句：be动词后加not Eg. She is not listening to music. 5. 疑问句：将be动词提前Eg . Is sh

28、e listening to music? 6. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句,三一般将来时,1. 构成：主语+be going to/will+动词原形 2. 标志词：tomorrow, next day/month/year 等表示将来的时间 3. 否定句：be动词后加not；will后加not Eg. He is not going to have a piano lesson this weekend. He will not have a piano lesson this weekend. 4. 疑问句：将be动词提前；将will提前 Eg. Is he going to h

29、ave a piano lesson this weekend? Will he going to have a piano lesson this weekend? 5. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句,四一般过去时,1. 构成：主语+动词过去时+其他 2. 标志：yesterday, just now, ago, this morning, when I was young,last等 3. 动词动词过去式变化规律： 1）一般动词结尾加-ed, eg. Walk-walked 2）以字母e结尾的动词加- d, eg. Live-lived 3）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i加-ed, e

30、g. Hurryhurried 4）以辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写末尾辅音字母加-ed, eg. Stop stopped 4. 否定句：1）动词be过去式后直接加not Eg. I was not in Chengdu last year. 2) 当是实义动词时，加助动词didnt后跟动词原形 Eg. I didnt telephone my parents yesterday. 5. 疑问句：1) 动词be过去式提前 Eg. Were you in Chengdu last year? 2) 当是实义动词时将助动词did 放在前面，后跟主语和动词原形 Eg. Did

31、you telephone my parents yesterday? 6. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句,用正确的动词形式填空。,1.The children are _ (run) there now. 2.-I _ up at half past six this morning. (get )My father always _(come) back from work very late. 3.My mother _ a lot of fruit yesterday afternoon . (buy) 4.Listen! Who_ (sing) in the music roo

32、m? Oh. Mary _(sing) there. 5.They _ a meeting yesterday. ( not have) 6.- _ you _ ( have) any color pens? -Sorry, I dont have any. 7.She likes eggs, but she _ (not like) bread. 8.My mother _ (tell) me a story every night. 9.- How much meat _ you _ (want) ? - A kilo, please. 10.Someone _ (be) in the n

33、ext room.,running,got,comes,bought,is singing,is singing,didnt have,Do,have,doesnt like,tells,do,want,is,11.There _ (be) a pen and two erasers in the pencil- box. 12.You must _ (get) here at two this afternoon. 13.The twins _ thirteen two years ago. (be) 14.The teacher is busy. He only _ (sleep) fiv

34、e hours a day. 15.Look! The bus _ (come). 16.She _ (go) to school from Monday to Friday. 17.What _ he _ (like)? 18.He _ (teach) English in a middle school. 19.She always _ (do) your homework well. 20.-What _ she _ (do)? -She _ (clean) her room now.,is,get,were,sleeps,is coming,goes,does,like,teaches

35、,does,is,doing,is cleaning,形容词,（1） 在句子中做定语，一般放在名词之前。但是当形容词修饰something, somebody, anything, anybody, nothing, nobody时，要放于其后。 Eg. I have an interesting book. There is nothing serious. (2) 作表语，放在系动词之后。Eg. This kind of dress is expensive. (3) 以a-开头的形容词，一般在句子中只能作表语。 Eg. Keep quiet! My baby is asleep in t

36、he room. (4) 作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后。 Eg. The good news makes us very happy.,副词,副词在句子中主要做状语，可以修饰动词、形容词、副词。修饰动词时，一般放在行为动词之后；修饰形容词时，一般放在形容词之前；表示时间、地点的副词一般放在句末或句首；频度副词一般放在行为动词之前。 Eg. I cant hear you clearly.,3. 比较级用法,（1） 可以单独使用 eg. I hope to do better in English. （2） 和than一起用 eg. Zhang Jun is stronger than Lin T

37、ao （3） 其他几种用法 a. 两者比较，哪一个更怎么样？ Who/Which + be+比较级， A or B? Eg. Who did better, Lucy or Lily? b. 用比较级形式表达最高级意义 比较级+than any other+n.+比较级范围（in/of）=比较级+than any of the others+ in/of =比较级+than the other+n.+in/of(在同一范围内比较) 比较级+than any + n.+ in/of(在两个不同范围内比较 )Eg. Kate is more careful than any other girl

38、in our class Shanghai is bigger than any city in Shangdong Province. c. 越来越怎么样？“比较级+and+比较级”Eg. Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.,d. 有范围的两者之间的比较用 “the+形容词比较级+of the two” Eg. My mother is the busier of the two e. 用来修饰比较级的副词有：much/ far/ lots/ a lot; a litter; even;still等 4. 最高级用法 用来对三个或三个

39、以上的人或事物进行比较，形容词的最高级前必须加定冠词the,副词前的the可以省略。a. 最高级+范围 Eg. Changjian is the longest river in China.b. 主语+be+one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数+比较级范围（of/in短语），表示“最的之一”。 Eg. Yang Liwei is one of the most famous heroes in China. c. 主语+be+the+序数词+形容词最高级+单数名词+比较范围，表示“是的第几”。 Eg. The Yellow River is the second longest ri

40、ver in China. 注：有些比较级与最高级之间的句子可以转换。,一 写出下列形容词与副词的比较级与最高级形式： 1. few_ _ 2little_ _ 3.bad/ badly _ 4.far_ _ 5.good/well _ 6. many/much _ _ 二、写出下列形容词的副词形式： 1. heavy_ 2. happy _ 3. nice_ 4. careful_ 5. easy_ 6. angry_ 7. slow _ 8. quick_ 9 . good_ 10. hard_ 11. bad_ 12.healthy_,fewer fewest,less least,wo

41、rse worst,深的 further furthest 远的 farther farthest,better best,more most,heavily,happily,nicely,carefully,easily,angrily,slowly,quickly,well,hard,badly,healthily,三、用所给词的恰当形式填空。 1.Which is _ _ _ _ (big) ,the sun, the moon or the earth? 2.Which is _ _ _ (beautiful),the black coat or the blue one? 3.Thi

42、s mooncake is _ _ _ _ (cheap) of all. 4.He is _ _ _ _ (strong) in the class. 5.Maths is _ _ _ _ _ ( difficult) of the two subjects. 6. My sister is two years _ (old ) than I. 7. Marys parents have four daughters, and she is the _ (young) child. 8. Dick can sing _ (well), and she sings _(well) than J

43、ohn, but Mary sings _(well) in her class. 9. She will be much _ (happy) in her mew house. 10. His handwriting is _ than yours. (bad),the biggest,more beautiful,the cheapest,the strongest,more difficult,older,youngest,well,better,best,happier,worse,四、选择正确的答案 。,1.Which does Jimmy like _, Chinese , Eng

44、lish or art? A. well B. best C. better D. much 2. The Changjiang River is one of _ in the world. A. the longest river B. The more longer C. the longest rivers D. longer river 3. The pen is _ than that one. A. more cheap B. cheap C. much cheaper D. quite cheaper 4. There are _ girls in Class 2 than i

45、n Class 4. A. more B. nicest C. most D. best 5. Tingting is _ than Meimei,but Meimei is _ than Tingting. A. tall, stronger B. taller, strongestt C. tallest, strong D. taller, stronger 6. Mother is _ in my family. A. busy B. busier C. the busiest D. more busy 7. She is _ than me at drawing. A. better

46、 B. best C. good D. harder,B,C,C,A,D,C,A,8. This blue sweater is too big for me. Will you please show me a _ one? A. small B. smaller C. the smallest D. smallest 9. The air in Beijing is getting much _ now than a few years ago. A. clean B. cleaner C. cleanest D. the cleanest 10. Mobile phones are ve

47、ry popular now and they are _than before. A. cheap B. cheaper C. cheapest D. the cheapest 11. Tom is good at drawing. How about Mike? Mike is _, I think. He has got more prizes（获奖）than Tom. A. well B. OK C. good D. better 12. Which is _ river in China? The Changjiang River. A. longer B. the longest

48、C. longest D. the longer 13If there is less homework, we should have _ at school. A. the happiest time B. a more happier timeC. much happiest time D. a much happier time 14. I feel _ better than yesterday. A. more B. very C. much 15. This schoolbag is _ and sells_ . A. well, well B. nice, nice C. nice, good D. nice, well,