备战2019年高考英语考点一遍过考点25名词性从句（含解析）.doc

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1、1考点 25 名词性从句高考频度：【命题解读】名词性从句是高考的热点，对于名词性从句考纲要求掌握以下内容：掌握主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句的基本用法，了解同位语从句的基本用法。要求考生在复习备考中应该掌握名词性从句的基本用法；一些易混引导词的辨析；句子的语序、否定前移；名词性从句和定语从句、状语从句的辨析等。【命题预测】预计 2018 年高考对名词性从句的考查仍然不会单纯地考查其语法结构，而是将其融入一定的语境中来考查考生的实际综合运用能力。【复习建议】1. 掌握宾语从句的用法；2. 了解同位语从句的用法；3. 掌握表语从句的用法；4. 掌握主语从句的用法；5. 如何正确选择引导词。考 向 一

2、 名词性从句连接词的用法名词性从句的连接词有从属连词 that/whether/if，连接代词 what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever，连接副词 where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever。1.that 的用法。(1)主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用 that 但不能省略。That they are good at English is known to us all.The problem is that we dont have enough money.The report that

3、 there will be a severe storm in the northern area is false.(2)一般情况下，宾语从句中的引导词 that 可省略，但在以下几种情况中 that 一般不省略：当 that 从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入语时；2有多个 that 引导的从句时，第一个 that 可以省略，而其他的 that 常不可省略；介词 except，but，besides，in 等后跟 that 引导的宾语从句时；当 when，who，what，where，why，how 等引导的从句与 that 引导的从句作主句谓语动词的并列宾语时。He judged that，

4、because he was a child，he did not understand wine.The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.(3)that 和 what 的区别。that 引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不担当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而 what 引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，what 可以分解成定语从句中的先行词关系代词，即常说的先行词that。Its a shame

5、that he has made such a mistake. I will do what I can (do) to help him.(4)同位语从句与定语从句中 that 的区别。同位语从句中的连接词 that 只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词 that 在句中作宾语或主语，与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句，就应用连接词 that 而不能用 which。同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释说明名词的含义或内容，如以下名词：news，fact，suggestion，truth，plan，belief，doubt，possibility，ide

6、a 等，而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.(同位语从句)The hope they expressed is that they would come to visit China again.(定语从句) 2.whether 和 if 的用法。 (1)whether 和 if 在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用 whether。It all depends on whether they will come back.(2)后面直接跟 or n

7、ot 时用 whether。I didnt know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan.(3)主语从句、表语从句中只能用 whether。Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.The question is whether they have so much money.3(4)whether 可以引导同位语从句，用以说明前面的名词的内容，if 则不能。We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can

8、do it or not.(5)whether 常与 or 连用表示一种选择，if 不能这样用；whether 也可与动词不定式连用但 if 不能。The question of whether they are male or female is not important.I have not decided whether to go or not.(6)间接宾语位于句首时或者间接宾语提前时用 whether 不用 if。Thank you，but whether Ill be free Im not sure at the moment.(7)whether 可引导一个让步状语从句表示

9、不管、无论，而 if 不能。Whether he comes or not，we will begin our party on time.3.疑问词ever 和 no matter疑问词的区别。(1)疑问词ever 可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的成分。Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.You can choose whatever you like in the shop.(2)疑问词ever 还可引导让步状语从句。Whoever breaks the rule，he must be punished.Whatever you do，

10、you must do it well.(3)no matter疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。No matter what you do，you must put your heart into it.No matter who comes late，he must be punished.4.when 和 where 引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。when 和 where 前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词，则 when 和 where 引导的是定语从句，否则则为同位语从句。They put forward the question where they could get the mon

11、ey.(同位语从句)This is the place where the accident happened.(定语从句)5.名词性从句中 that 不宜省略的几种情况宾语从句或表语从句中 that 有时可以省略，但在以下情况时，that 不宜省略。 （1）当动词后带有两个并列的宾语从句时，引入第二个从句的连词 that 不可省略。如： The teacher told the students (that) they should hand in their homework the next day and that the homework must be signed names b

12、y their parents. 4老师告诉学生他们要在第二天交上作业，并且作业必须由家长签名。 （2）当 that 前面有插入语时，that 不宜省略。如： Little Alice didnt know, Im sure, that her sister was going to America. 我确信，小艾丽斯不知道她的姐姐很快就要去美国了。 （3）省略答语中，that 宾语从句单独出现时，that 不可省略。如： What did he say? 他说了什么 That he would visit the Great Wall. (他说)他将会参观长城。 （4）当主句的状语部分位于

13、that 宾语从句之前时，that 不宜省略。如： Jane realized at once that she must do with it herself. 珍立刻意识到她必须亲自处理那件事。(如省略 that，at once 也可能修饰从句，是表示立刻意识到，还是表示立刻去处理，较为含糊) （5） 当 that 宾语从句中的状语部分位于从句的前部时，that 不宜省略。如： Tom promised that if he could earn as much as 500 dollars in this month, he would buy a computer for his br

14、other. 汤姆许下诺言，如果他在这个月里能够赚到 500 美元，他就给他的弟弟买台电脑。 （6）当 that 宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that 一般不宜省略。如： I will never tell anyone that you have ever been there. 我绝对不会告诉别人你曾经去过那儿。 （7）当为了强调而把 that 引导的主语从句位于句首时，that 不可省略。如： That they would take the risk was very clear. 他们将要冒这个险是很清楚的了。 （8）当主句中的谓语动词是固定词组时，其宾语 that 从句中的 t

15、hat 不宜省略。如： Mary has made up her mind that she will study hard for the scholarship, so she can have the chance to go abroad for further study. 玛丽下定决心努力学习以获得奖学金资格，这样她就有机会出国深造了。 （9）当 that 宾语从句前有 it 作其形式宾语时，that 不可省略。如： We think it important that college students should master at least one foreign lang

16、uage.我们认为大学生至少掌握一门外语是很重要的。 （10）当引导同位语从句时，that 一般不可省略，尤其当 that 与先行词处于分割情况时。如： He heard the news that his team had won. 5他听到了他的队获胜的消息。 There is a feeling in me that they are cheating me. 我有一种感觉他们在骗我。 （11）当 that 宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或是主语从句时，that 不可省略。如： The doctor said that taking exercise was the best way of

17、losing weight. 医生说运动是最好的减肥方式。 考 向 二 主 语 从 句 1.主语从句在复合句中充当主语，大多数主语从句都可以用 it 作形式主语而把主语从句置于句尾。2.that 引导主语从句时可用 it 作形式主语，that 不可省；what 引导的主语从句表示的东西时，一般不用 it 作形式主语；whatever，whoever，whichever 一般也不用 it 作形式主语。That she will succeed is certain.It is certain that she will succeed.注意：(1)在It is necessary/importa

18、nt/strange/natural.that 从句结构中，从句谓语常用(should)动词原形形式。【拓展延伸】主语从句的引导词引导词 作用 引导词 作用that 无词义，在从句中不充当成分，但不能省略 how 多么，怎样，作方式状语或程度状语常见的 it 替代 that 引导的主语从句的句式主要有以下几种：(1)It系动词形容词(necessary，right，likely，unlikely，wrong，important，certain，clear，obvious，strange，normal 等)that 从句It is certain that most of the farmers

19、 have brought in more money by all means.(2)Itbe名词(短语)(a pity，a shame，good news，a fact，an honour，a wonder，no wonder 等)that 从句Its no wonder that youve achieved so much success.(3)Itbe过去分词(said，told，heard，reported，decided，suggested，advised，ordered，remembered，thought，considered，wellknown，announced 等)th

20、at 从句It is said that the professor has already succeeded in carrying out the experiment.(4)It特殊动词(seem，appear，happen，matter)that 从句It happened to me that I had been away when he called.6who 谁，作主语、宾语 when 何时，作时间状语whom 谁，作宾语 where 在哪儿，作地点状语what 什么，可作主语、宾语、表语、定语 why 为什么，作原因状语which 哪一个，哪些，作主语、宾语、定语 whet

21、her 是否【特别注意】当作主语的句子太长时，为保持句子平衡，常用 it 作形式主语，而将真正的主语置后。if是否，不可直接引导主语从句(用 it 作形式主语时可以) 。3. 主语从句的特殊用法（1）主语从句与定语从句的转换What is needed has been bought. All that is needed has been bought. 所有需要的都被买了。（2）几个特殊句型之间的转换It is known to all that China has joined the WTO.As is known to all, China has joined the WTO.Wh

22、at is known to all is that China has joined the WTO.众所周知，中国已加入 WTO。1.(2018天津卷单项填空)The gold medal will be awarded _to wins the first place in the bicycle race.A. whomever B. whereverC. whoever D. whatever【参考答案】C2.（2017北京卷单项填空） Every year, _ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite F

23、estival.A. whatever B. whoever C. whomever D. whichever7【参考答案】B 【答案解析】考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，_ makes the most beautiful kite 作主语，且所填词指人，既作从句的主语又作主句的主语，所以选 whoever(whomever 不能作主语)。句意：每年， 在风筝节上风筝做得最漂亮的人都会赢得奖品。3.（2016江苏卷单项填空）It is often the case _ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.A. why B. w

24、hat C. as D. that【参考答案】D考 向 三 宾语从句【难点梳理】引导宾语从句的连接词主要有：连接词：that，whether，if 等连接代词：what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever 等连接副词：when，where，why，how 等1. 连接词 that，whether，if 引导I think (that) you should turn to the teacher for help. 我认为你应该向老师寻求帮助。I dont know if/whether he still lives here after so many

25、years. 我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。注意：whether/if 都意为是否。一般情况下，它们可以互换，口语中常用 if，但以下情况中，只能用whether。（1）与 or not 紧接连用时。Let me know whether or not you can come. 请让我知道你是否能来。（2）作介词的宾语从句时。We are interested in whether you will attend the meeting. 我们对你是否参加会议感兴趣。82. 连接代词 what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever 等引导She as

26、ked me whose handwriting was the best in the class. 她问我班上谁的书法最好。Ill just say whatever comes into my mind. 我想到什么就说什么。3. 连接副词 when，where，why，how 等引导Do you know when the ancient Olympic Games began? 你知道古代的奥运会是什么时间开始的吗?Ive been thinking about how we can make the newspaper more interesting. 我一直在考虑如何使我们的报

27、纸更用趣。4. 宾语从句的语序在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。He asked me when we could set out the next day. 他问我第二天什么时候可以出发。Did you find out where she lost her car? 你查出她在哪里丢的车了吗?5. 宾语从句的时态（1）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时，其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday. 她说她周一至周五上班。(从句是一般现在时)she says (that) she will leave a mes

28、sage on his desk. 她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。(从句是一般将来时)She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei. 她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。(从句是现在完成时)（2）当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时，其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态。He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon. 他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时)He said that he was going to take care of the baby. 他说他会去照看这个婴儿。(从句是过去将来时)H

29、e said that they were having a meeting at that time. 他说他们那时正在开会。(从句是过去进行时)（3）当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时，其时态仍旧用一般现在时。The teacher told us that nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it. 老 师 告 诉 我们 世 上 无 难 事 ， 只 怕 有 心 人 。He said that light travels much faster than sound. 他说光比声音传播得快。注意：在使用宾语从句时需要注意下面几点

30、：动词 find，feel，think，consider，make，believe，guess，suppose，assume 等后有宾语补足9语时，则需要用 it 作形式宾语，而将 that 宾语从句后置。I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day. 我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天写日记成了惯例。hate，like，take，owe，have，take for granted 等表示喜欢；痛恨；认为的动词或动词短语

31、和 see to 表示注意，留意后有宾语补足语时，需要用 it 作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置。I hate it when they talk with their mouth full of food. 我讨厌他们满嘴食物说话。When you start the engine, you must see to it that the car is in neutral. 启动发动机时，一定要使汽车的离合器处于空档位置。介词后的宾语从句。She is always thinking of how she can do more for others. 她总想着如何才能为别人做得更多。We ar

32、e talking about whether we admit students into our club. 我 们 正 在 讨 论 是 否 让 学 生 加 入 我 们 的 俱 乐 部 。宾语从句的否定转移。将 think，believe，suppose，expect，fancy，imagine 等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。I dont think I know you. 我想我并不认识你。I dont believe he will come. 我相信他不会来。【巧学妙记】宾语从句的用法速记口诀宾语从句须注意，几点事项应牢记

33、。一是关键引导词，不同句子词相异。陈述句子用 that；一般疑问是否（if，whether）替；特殊问句更好办，引导还用疑问词。二是时态常变化，主句不同从句异。主句若为现在时，从句时态应看意；主句若为过去时，从句时态向前移。三是语序要记清，从句永保陈述序。101.（2018全国新课标卷 II短文改错）The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.【参考答案】where 改为 when 2.（2018全国新课标卷 III语法填空）Im not sur

34、e _61_ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere. Im walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic.【参考答案】which/who 【答案解析】考查宾语从句。句意：我不确定哪一个更害怕，我，还是突然出现的雌性大猩猩。此处为宾语从句，空格处表示选择，所以用 which 或者 who” 3. (2017天津卷 单项填空 ) She asked me _ I had returne

35、d the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadnt.A. when B. where C. whether D. what【参考答案】C 4.（2016全国新课标卷 I短文改错）My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.【参考答案】that where 【答案解析】考查宾语从句的引导词。介词后面的宾语从句缺少状语，根据句意判断此处表示地点。故把that 改为 where。考 向 四 表 语 从 句引导表语从句的连接词主要有：连接词：that，whether连接

36、代词：who，whom，whose，which，what，whoever whomever，whichever，whatever连接副词：when，where，how，why 1. 连接词引导The reason for his absence is that he hasnt been informed. 他缺席的原因就是他没接到11通知。The question remains whether they will be able to help us. 问题还是他们能否帮我们。2. 连接代词和连接副词引导The problem is who will take charge of this

37、 shop. 问题是谁将接管这家店铺。That is when I realized the importance of journalism. 那时我才意识到新闻工作的重要性。注意：（ 1） as/as if/as though 引 导 的 表 语 从 句 常 跟 在 特 定 动 词 后 面 ， 如seem， appear， look， taste， sound， feel 等 。It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door. 听上去好像有人在敲门。At that time, it seemed as though I couldnt thi

38、nk of the right word. 当时我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。（2）当主句的主语是 reason 时，表语从句一般由 that 引导，这种用法常见于句型 The reason why. is that. The reason why he came late was that he got up late. 他来得晚是因为起床晚了。1.(2018北京卷单项填空) Without his support, we wouldnt be _ we are now.A. how B. when C. where D. why【参考答案】C2.（2016北京卷单项填空） The m

39、ost pleasant thing of the rainy season is _ one can be entirely free from dust.A. what B. that C. whether D. why【参考答案】 B【试题解析】 考查表语从句。句意：雨季最令人愉悦的就是人们可以完全不再受到灰尘的困扰。is 后跟从句作表语，即表语从句，表语从句不缺少主语、谓语和宾语，因此用 that，that 只起引导作用，故选B。12考 向 五 同 位 语 从 句1. 同位语从句跟在名词后面，进一步解释、说明该名词的具体内容。同位语从句常跟在名词 idea, fact, news, h

40、ope, thought, suggestion 等抽象名词之后；2. 连接词 that 不能省略，无意义无成分； 3. 用 whether 而不用 if 引导同位语从句；4. 连接代词 who(m), which, what，whose 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语；5. 连接副词 where, when, why, how 在从句作状语。6.分割式同位语从句：同位语从句有时被别的词或短语把它和名词隔开：（谓语较短，同位语从句较长） 。The story goes that William Tell did kill the king with that sword.7.若被同位语从句说

41、明的名词是：advice, suggestion, proposal(建议), demand, request, requirement, order(命令)等表示建议、命令、要求的词时，同位语从句的谓语用“(should)+do“。8.区别由 that 引导的定语从句和同位语从句：定语从句中的 that 是代词，可在从句中作主、宾、表；同位语从句中的 that 是连词，无成分无意义；定语从句说明先行词的性质与特征，与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系；同位语从句对名词即先行词加以补充说明，是名词全部内容的体现。在名词和从句之间加 be, 使之构成一个新句子，如果合乎逻辑，句子通顺，则是同位语从句，定

42、语从句是不能用系表结构把先行词与从句连接起来的。1. The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief you are better than anyone else on the sports field.A. how B. thatB. C. which D. whether【参考答案】B2.News came from the school office _ Wang Lin had been admitted to Peking University.13A. which B. that C. wh

43、at D. where【参考答案】B【答案解析】考查同位语从句。本题属于分割式同位语从句，谓语 came 较短，同位语从句较长，名词和同位语从句被 from the school office 分开，that 引导同位语从句 Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University 解释 news 的内容，在句中起引导作用，没有具体的意思。故选 B。题组一 基础过关.用适当的连接词填空1. （2017 新课标卷 I）The homeowner called to say _ the parents had responded to the recordi

44、ngs 2. （2017 新课标卷 I）What Im hoping to accomplish is _ my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand _ jazz is not black and write anymore.3. （2017新课标卷 III）The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide _ to reintroduce wolves to other parts of th

45、e country as well.4. （2017北京卷）What could be more fun than a gift that keeps coming through the letterbox every month?5.He hasnt made _ known when he is going to get married.6.The police went to the suspects house and searched for _ they could find to prove him guilty.7.The question _ it is right or

46、wrong depends on the result.8.As the spokeswoman said，_ we should take action against them depends on what they will do.9.Something should be done to improve the worsening air quality.Yes._ pollutes the air shall pay a high price.10.The news _ we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.单句改错141.Aft

47、er looking at the toy for some time，he turned around and found where his parents were missing.2.Whoever was responsible for the accident is not yet clear.3.We never doubt whether he is honest.4.If she comes or not doesnt concern me.5.I feel it a terrible thing which my mother should have to toil so

48、endlessly.6.The fact is what he didnt notice the car until too late.7.The reason why he was late was because he didnt catch the early bus.8.Your brothers health is not which it used to be.9.Obviously there was little probability which they would succeed，but they didnt mind.10.The proposal has been put forward what the flight should be cancelled.题组二 能力提升I.单项填空1. _ Tom will win the computer competition remains a secret till next Monday.A.When B.ThatC.What D.Whether2. _ that the Chinese government plans to end its one-chi