备战2019年高考英语考点一遍过考点14动词的被动语态(含解析).doc
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1、1考点 14 动词的被动语态高考频度: 【命题解读】动词的语态是历年高考的重点,也是高考的必考点。高考主要以语法填空、短文改错等形式对被动语态这一考点进行考查,动词的语态在语法填空和短文改错中是必考点。【命题预测】预计 2019 年高考语态仍将是高考考查的重点和难点所在,考查形式仍以语法填空和短文改错题型为主,很可能会与动词的时态及其他的语法点结合起来进行考查。【复习建议】 1. 掌握被动语态的基本时态变化; 2. 掌握被动语态的特殊结构形式;3. 掌握不能用被动语态的几种情况;4. 掌握主动形式表示被动意义的情况。知识网络序号 常用被动语态 构成 序号 常用被动语态 构成1 一般现在时 am
2、/is/are asked 6 过去进行时 was/were being asked2 一般过去时 was/were asked 7 现在完成时 have/has been asked3 一般将来时shall/will be asked8 过去完成时 had been asked4 过去将来时should/would be asked9 将来完成时will/would have been asked5 现在进行时am/is/are being asked10 含有情态动词的 can/must/may be asked注意事项被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加 not,短语动词的被动
3、态不可漏掉其中介副词。固定结构 be going to, used to, have to, had better 变为被动态时,只需将其2后的动词变为被动态。 如:Trees should not be planted in summer. 夏天不应该种树。The boy was made fun of by his classmates. 这个男孩被他的同学取笑。Newspapers used to be sent here by the little girl. 报纸过去常被小女孩送到这里。汉语有一类句子不出现主语,在英语中一般可用被动结构表示。如:It is believed that
4、 It is generally considered that It is said thatIt is well known that It must be pointed out that It is supposed thatIt is reported that It must be admitted that It is hoped that下面主动形式常表示被动意义:如:The window wants/needs/requires repairing. The book is worth reading twice.The door wont shut. / The play
5、wont act. The clothes washes well. / The book sells well.The dish tastes delicious. / Water feels very cold.下面词或短语没有被动态:leave, enter, reach, become, benefit, cost, equal, contain, last, lack, fit, fail, have, appear, happen, occur, belong to, take place, break out, come about, agree with, keep up wi
6、th, consist of, have on, lose heart 等等考向一 被动语态的基本时态变化 被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式,被动语态由 be过去分词构成,be 随时态的变化而变化。以do 为例,各种时态的被动语态形式为:时现在 过去 将来 过去将来3体一般is / am / are donewas / were donewill / shall be donewould / should be done进行is / am / are being donewas / were being done完成have / has been donehad been donewill /
7、 shall have been donewould / should have been done被动语态的特殊结构形式(1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为:情态动词be过去分词。 The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. (2)有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。 His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by hi
8、s mother for his birthday. (3)当动词+宾语+宾语补足语结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的主语,其余不动。Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为 The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. (4)在使役动词 have, make, get 以及感官动词 see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe 等后面不定式作宾语补语时,在主动结构中不定式 to 要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加 to。Someone saw a stranger w
9、alk into the building. 可改为 A stranger was seen to walk into the building. (5)有些相当于及物动词的动词词组,如动词介词,动词副词等,也可以用于被动结构,但要把它们看作一个整体,不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。 The meeting is to be put off till Friday.1. (2018北京卷单项填空)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who 时4_ in the mountains for two days.A. are
10、trapping B. have been trapped C. were trapping D. had been trapped【答案】D2. (2018天津卷单项填空)My washing machine _this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.A. was repaired B. is repairedC. is being repaired D. has been repaired【答案】C【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:这周我的洗衣机正在修,所以我不得不手洗衣服。根据后句 so I have to wash my clothe
11、s by hand.可知,洗衣机正在修,故用现在进行时态的被动语态。故选 C。3. (2017 北京卷单项填空)In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones _ yet. A. havent invented B. havent been invented C. hadnt invented D. hadnt been invented【答案】D4. (2017天津卷单项填空) Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swi
12、mming, _ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.A. regard B. is regarded C. are regarded D. regards【答案】B【解析】句意:现在骑自行车、慢跑和游泳被认为是最全面的锻炼方式之一。根据动词短语5regard.as (把看做)和句意确定应该用被动语态,排除 A 和 D;由介词短语 along with 连接的三个名词作主语,谓语动词应该就前一致,即用单数,排除 C。故选 B。5.(2017新课标 I 卷语法填空)When fat and salt 64 (remove) from fo
13、od, the food tastes as if is missing something.【答案】are removed【解析】考查被动语态。句意:当脂肪和盐分从食物中被去掉。分析可知 fat,salt 和 move 之间是被动关系,脂肪和盐分是两种东西,且是被人们去掉,所以用被动语态。故填 are removed。考向二 不能用被动语态的几种情况:1.(1)所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态。(2)表示状态的谓语动词,如:last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit 等。(3)表示归属的动词,如 have、own、belong to 等。(4)表示
14、希望、意图的动词,如:wish、want、hope、like、love、hate 等。(5)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态,不能用被动语态。考向三 主动形式表被动意义的情况:(1)系动词没有被动形式,但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词 feel,sound,taste,book,feel 等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。 (2)当 cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep 等词带状语修饰语时;(3)当 break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out 等动词词组表示发生
15、、关闭、制定等意思时;(4)want,require,need 后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。(5)be worth doing 用主动形式表示被动含义。(6)在be + 形容词 + to do中,不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语,用主动代被动。另外:be to blame(受谴责),be to rent(出租)也用主动形式表被动。As time went on, Einsteins theory _ to be correct.A. proved B. provesC. is proved D. was proved【答案】 A6【巧学妙记】主动语态变被动语态记忆口诀一般现、过用 be don
16、e,be 有人称、时、数变。完成时态 have done,被动将 been 加中间。一般将来 shall (will) do,被动变 do 为 be done。将来进行无被动,shall (will) be doing。现在完成进行同,have (has) been doing。现、过进行 be doing,被动 be 加 being done。情、助、有、是妥安排,一律随新主语变。否定助后加 not,疑问一助置主前。主语恰是疑问词,直陈语序主在前。一般情助加 be done,双宾多将间宾变。复合宾语宾变主,宾补、主补相应变。注释:be 有人称、时、数变即 be 有人称、时态和单、复数的变化。
17、情助是指情态动词和助动词 must,may,can,shall,will 等一律随新主语(多是主动句中的宾语)来变化。疑问一助置主前是说有两个助动词的话,应把主语放在第一助动词之后或把第一助动词置于主语之前。题组一 基础过关7用被动语态的形式完成下列句子1. Dont be nervous, and they will tell you where to sit.Dont be nervous, and you _ _ _ where to sit by them.2. People refers to California as the Golden State.California _ _
18、 _ as the Golden State by people.3. In order to stop the air pollution, the government have taken a lot of measures.A lot of measures _ _ _ by the government in order to stop the air pollution.4. We are discussing how to spend the summer holidays now.How to spend the summer holidays _ _ _ now.5. Mis
19、s Li can make her class lively and interesting, so her students respect her.Miss Li can make her class lively and interesting, so she _ _ by her students.6. Two whales have _ _ (wash) up on the beach.7. Tom was caught smoking in school, and he _ _ (punish) for it.8. If you leave the club, you _ _ _
20、_ (not allow) back in.题组二 能力提升I单项填空1.I got caught in the rain on my way home and my new suit_.A. has ruined B. had ruinedC. had been ruined D. has been ruined2.Now all the employees except the manager _ to work online at home.A. encourages B. encourageC.is encouraged D. are encouraged3.He _ everywhe
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