2019版高考英语大二轮复习第四部分完形填空聚焦题型4课件.ppt
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1、第四部分 完形填空,-2-,完形填空题所选的短文长度在250词左右,文体涉及记叙文、夹叙夹议文、议论文和说明文,其中以记叙文为主;涉及的话题范围很广,包括社会、政治、经济、文化、教育、科普知识、历史、地理、日常生活以及人物故事等;短文通常首句不设空,目的是让考生能快速进入主题,熟悉语言环境,建立正确的思维导向。 完形填空题可归纳为四种题型:词义辨析题、行文逻辑题、语法功能题和文化常识题。,-3-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,词义辨析题 【设题角度】 词义辨析题考查面广,主要考查对名词、动词、形容词和副词等实词意义的理解:1.同义词或近义词辨析;2.形近词辨析;3.普通词汇辨析。可以从所在句
2、子上辨析适合的含义,也可以结合上下文寻找提示线索和依据或通过构词法进行判断,考查在具体语境中对词汇的掌握程度和运用能力,是完形填空题主要的考查形式。,-4-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,【选项特征】 20个题目中每小题的四个选项一般属于同一类词(短语),形式基本相同,但全国卷近几年的高考完形填空题选项不再拘泥于形式和词性的完全一致,灵活性更强。,-5-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,【典例示范】 1.同义词或近义词辨析。提供的四个词词性相同,词形不同,词义相同或相近。,-6-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,-7-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,2.形近词辨析。选项中四个词词性相同,拼
3、写或构词(至少有两项)相近,词义往往区别较大。,-8-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,-9-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,-10-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,3.普通词汇辨析。选项中四个词词性相同(近几年出现有的选项词性和词形均不同),词义不同。 (2018浙江) We have all heard how time is more valuable than money,but is it possible to have too much time? I remember back in high school I spent most of my day at school
4、since I also 38 a team sport.By the time I got home,I only had a few hours to do my homework,and I had to do it 39 .,-11-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,-12-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,行文逻辑题 【设题角度】 完形填空题选项中有部分考查逻辑关系的词,表示结构层次、逻辑关系、改变话题、递进关系、时间关系、转折关系、让步关系等,包括词、句、段三者存在的内在逻辑关系。 【选项特征】,-13-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,【典例示范】 做完形填空题时,要学会充分利用
5、上下文,注意行文逻辑,强调整体性阅读。 1.行文逻辑题重点考查文中句与句之间、段与段之间以及全篇的逻辑关系的掌控能力,可以分为句子层次、句组层次和全篇层次,其中以句子层次为主,使用语篇连接词语衔接,简称“语篇标志”。如果能充分利用这些语篇标志语,就可以迅速理清文章的脉络,弄清上下文的关系。,-14-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,表示结构层次的语篇标志有:firstly,secondly,thirdly,finally等; 表示逻辑关系的语篇标志有:thus,therefore,so等; 表示改变话题的语篇标志有:by the way等; 表示递进关系的语篇标志有:besides,whats
6、 more,further等; 表示时间关系的语篇标志有:before,so far,meanwhile,later等; 表示转折关系的语篇标志有:but,while,on the other hand,yet等; 表示让步关系的语篇标志有:although,though,as,while等。,-15-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,(2018北京) Mr.Anderson said:“I couldnt believe that the guy never took a penny.To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight when he
7、 could have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay in.This guy has nothing and 27 he didnt take the wallet for himself;he thought about others 28 .Its unbelievable.It just proves there are honest guys out there.”,-16-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,-17-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,(2017江苏) He swore to himself to avoid
8、music,as he hated getting to school extra early.40 ,one day,in the music class that was part of his schools standard curriculum,he was playing idly(随意地) on the piano and found it easy to pick out tunes.With a sinking feeling,he realized that he actually enjoyed doing it.,-18-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,-19-,考点
9、一,考点二,考点三,考点四,(2017全国) The following term,I registered for an ASL class.The professor was deaf and any talking was prohibited.I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant. 58 ,if there had been any talking,it would have caused us to learn less.Now,I appreciate the silence and the new way of c
10、ommunication it opens.,-20-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,-21-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,(2016全国) Approaching the vehicle,they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window.They told her to stay still until the emergency personnel arrived, 53 she thought the car was going to explode.Larry told her that he had
11、 already put out the fire and she should not move in case she injured her neck.,-22-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,-23-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,2.为了表达的需要,有时在上下文中同一概念(词汇)重复出现,其中包括同义词、近义词、反义词及同源词复现。 (2018天津) I started doing anything I could to help them build a little pride.Most important,I began to treat them like 26 . .
12、Instead of seeing my boys as losers,I pushed and encouraged them.I helped them to see themselves differently,and they built themselves into winners. Winners are made,not born.,-24-,考点一,考点二,考点三,考点四,-25-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点一,语法功能题 【设题角度】 完形填空题主要考查对语境的理解和词义的辨析,很少有单纯考查语法知识的题目,但是借助语法分析理解句子是很有必要的,主要包括:代词、情态动词、
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