2019高考英语一轮基础练Unit9Wheels（含解析）北师大版必修3.doc

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1、1Unit 9 Wheels李仕才阅读理解ARecent months have seen a revival of the humble(普通的)bike across China, with an increasing number of people choosing pedaling(骑车)instead of driving to school, to workplaces or to do sightseeing. The introduction of bike-sharing systems, services in which bicycles are made availa

2、ble for shared use to individuals who do not own them and pioneered by start-ups like Ofo and Mobike, has brought the trend to a new level.Washington D. C. has one of the biggest bike sharing systems in the US with 3, 700 bikes and 440 stations. The UK, France and Germany all have growing programs.

3、However, China, so far, outdoes(超过)them all by operating three out of four of the worlds shard bikes.People can unlock the shard bikes by simply using their smartphone. The bikes are equipped with GPS and users of Chinas versions can leave bikes anywhere in public for the next user. Theyre popular a

4、mong many Chinese people as they provide an effective solution to the “last mile” problem, which refers to the final leg of a persons journey.However, the Chinese programs have also led to problems such as illegal parking, vandalism(故意破坏)and theft. In fact, these problems are also shared by bike-sha

5、ring programs abroad. Launched in 2007, Vilb is a large-scale public bike sharing system in Paris. At its early stage of operation, it also suffered from problems of vandalism or theft. By Oct 2009, a large number of Vlibs initial bikes had to be replaced due to vandalism or theft, according to The

6、New York Times.To deal with these problems, the company came up with the idea of encouraging people to return the bikes to stations by rewarding free time for their next rides. Now, Chinese service operators are also trying to address these problems. For example, Mobike sets a 100-point credit score

7、 for each user, with points 2taken in the case of bad behavior. Once a score drops below 80, bike rental is increased to 100 yuan per 30 minutes, up from 0. 5-1 yuan.1.What can we learn about bike sharing systems?A. They offer free bike rides.B. They are running perfectly.C. China operates the bigge

8、st system.D. France was the first to launch the system.2.As a means of transportation, bike-sharing can be best described as _.A. promising but expensive. B. convenient and eco-friendly.C. eco-friendly but ineffective. D. troublesome and meaningless.3.What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Sha

9、red Bikes Pedal into Style.B. Problems with Bikes in China.C. Shared Bikes Attract Young People.D. Transportation Changes with the Times.【文章大意】本文为说明文。讲述的是共享单车成为一种新的趋势，并介绍了它的优缺点。2.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段可知共享单车方便而且环保，故选 B。3.A 【解析】主旨大意题。纵观全文可知本文讲的是共享单车成为一种新的趋势，与 A 项一致，故选 A。B(2017河南郑州第二次质量预测) Now that newsroo

10、ms are becoming less popular in the US, young people have begun to tell their own stories.GlobalGirl Media, a nonprofit organization that teaches teenage girls 3digital storytelling skills, was started by awardwinning filmmakers Amie Williams and Meena Nanji in Los Angeles in 2010.“By giving girls a

11、 voice, you introduce a different story，and change the existing one， ” said Danny Glover, a member of the GlobalGirl Media advisory board.“When the cameras in my hands, I feel like I cant lose， ”said Cheyenne Grisez, 14.“It makes me happy and I feel like I can do anything.”On the final day of the su

12、mmer academy in California, Williams worked with Grisez and Camila Prado, 15, on a short film about Prados fight against an eating disorder.In the film, Prado bravely interviewed her parents and sister about how she was able to beat her depression and eating disorder.This film and others the girls h

13、ad made were shown to parents and friends on the last day of the academy, celebrating their hard work.“Its their story, and nobody knows how to tell it better than they do， ” Williams said.“These girls are from really difficult backgrounds.They feel trapped sometimes.They feel alone， ” Williams said

14、.“The camera gives them a way to look at their world in a different way and get out of that feeling.”Girls in the program practice their skills and build confidence by going out in the community and interviewing people for the short films.Many of them had no experience, but they had good storytellin

15、g skills.“I work with these girls.Every day I leave inspired and completely grateful, because I know that due to the work were doing with them, things will be better， ” said GlobalGirl Media summer academy project director Heather Faison.【解题导语】 本文讲述了非营利组织 GlobalGirl Media 通过教女孩儿们数字故事技巧来帮助女孩儿们摆脱烦恼。1W

16、hy do many American girls like to tell stories using the camera?ATheir parents hate to give them a hand.BThe camera can help them out of their trouble.CThey can make profits from their documentaries.DThey desire to improve their photo skills.B 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的“They feel trapped sometimes.They feel

17、alone”“The camera gives them.get out of that feeling.” 可知，选 B 项。42What do we learn about GlobalGirl Media from the text?AIt gives girls digital storytelling skills.BIt gets much money from girl students.CIt was founded by the government.DIt has newsrooms in California.A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的“GlobalGirl Me

18、dia，a nonprofit organization that teaches teenage girls digital storytelling skills”可知，选 A项。3What difficulty did Prado overcome by making her film?ASelfharm.BAn eating disorder.CPoor school scores.DTeenage depression.B 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段的“on a short film about Prados fight against an eating disorder”可知，

19、Prado 在一个短片中讲述了她与饮食失调进行斗争的故事，故选 B 项。4Who directed GlobalGirl Media summer academy project in California?AMeena Nanji. BAmie Williams.CDanny Glover. DHeather Faison.D 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段的“GlobalGirl Media summer academy project director Heather Faison”可知，选 D 项。CIf you think that running marathons will he

20、lp you live a long and healthy life，new research may come as a shock. According to a recent scientific study，people who do a very strenuous workout are as likely to die as people who do no exercise at all.Scientists in Denmark have been studying over 1，000 joggers and non-joggers for 12 years. The d

21、eath rates from the sample group indicate that people who jog at a moderate pace two or three times a week for less than two and a half hours in total are least likely to die. The best speed to jog at was found to be about 5 miles per hour. The research suggests that people who jog more than three t

22、imes 5a week or at higher speeds of over 7 mph die at the same rate as non-joggers. The scientists think that this is because strenuous exercise causes structural changes to the heart and arteries(动脉).Over time，this can cause serious injuries.Peter Schnohr，a researcher in Copenhagen，said， “If your g

23、oal is to decrease risk of death and improve life expectancy，jogging a few times a week at a moderate pace is a good strategy. Anything more is not just unnecessary，and it may be harmful.”The implications of this are that moderate forms of exercise such as tai chi，yoga and brisk walking may be bette

24、r for us than “iron man” events，triathlons and long-distance running and cycling. According to Jacob Louis Marott，another researcher involved in the study， “You dont actually have to do that much to have a good impact on your health. And perhaps you shouldnt actually do too much”.1.The underlined wo

25、rd “strenuous” in Paragraph l is closest in meaning to“_”.A. hard B. regularC. practical D. flexible2.The author presents some figures in Paragraph 2 to _.A. suggest giving up jogging B. show risks of doing sportsC. provide supportive evidence D. introduce the research process3.According to the scie

26、ntists，why is too much exercise harmful？A. It may injure the heart and arteries. B. It can make the body tired out.C. It will bring much pressure. D. It consumes too much energy.4.What can be inferred from the text?A. No exercise at all is the best choice.B. More exercise means a healthier life.C. M

27、arathons runners are least likely to die.D. Proper exercise contributes to good health.【文章大意】本文主要讲述了做运动过多或过少都对身体有害，只有做适量的运动才对6身体有益。1.A 【解析】考查词义推测。hard 耗费体力的；regular 有规律的；practical 实际的；flexible 灵活的。由第一段最后一句“According to a recent scientific study，people who do a very strenuous workout are as likely to

28、 die as people who do no exercise at all.”可知，一点不做运动的人和非常艰苦锻炼的人都极有可能死，故应选 A。3.A 【解析】考查细节理解。由第二段倒数第二句“The scientists think that this is because strenuous exercise causes structural changes to the heart and arteries(动脉).”可知，做过多的运动有害是因为它可能伤害心脏和动脉，故应选A。4.D 【解析】考查推理判断。根据第三段可知，做运动过多或过少都对身体有害，只有做适量的运动才对身体有益

29、，故应选 D。D(2017湖南长沙四校模拟)If you are like most people, chances are that you have experienced dj vu(似曾经历过的感觉)For most people, the feeling is sudden and temporary.But for a 23yearold British patient it lasted for over eight years.The young mans symptoms began in 2007.While he had always suffered from anxi

30、ety，his condition worsened when he entered university.By 2010, the young mans symptoms had become so severe that he had given up watching television, listening to the radio and reading newspapers.Christine Wells，a researcher who led the latest study says that they couldnt find any signs of neurologi

31、cal problem in this young mans case.Thus, long dj vu is a side effect for people that suffer from severe anxiety.Fortunately these cases are rare.According to researchers，the part of the brain that plays an important part in memory is responsible for the feeling.However，its sudden and unforeseen occ

32、urrences make it impossible to find out the exact cause of dj vu.There are a few theories that have been put forth.7Psychologist Dr.Akira OConnor believes it occurs when the part of the brain that sends signals related to familiarity and memory doesnt work temporarily and sends them out of turn.Prof

33、essor Anne Cleary thinks that it occurs when a person encounters something that is really familiar like the shape of a structure or the way a room is laid out.This causes the brain to believe that it has seen it all before, creating a sense of dj vu.So the next time you experience that strange feeli

34、ng of “already seen”，take a moment to reflect on one of these theories.Maybe you can help researchers find out the reason behind this phenomenon.【解题导语】 本文作者从一个英国人患病的症状导入，介绍了跟“似曾经历过的感觉”这一现象相关的研究内容。1What do we know about the British patients dj vu?AIt is sudden and temporary.BIt has stopped him from s

35、tudying.CIt has little effect on his life.DIt may be caused by his severe anxiety.D 解析：推理判断题。从第一、二段的内容和第三段的“Thus，long dj vu is a side effect for people that suffer from severe anxiety.”可知，这个英国人的病症可能是由他的重度焦虑引起的。故答案选 D 项。2Professor Anne Clearys analysis of dj vu is based on the fact that _Asome parts

36、of peoples brain dont work properlyBhuman brains often send some signals out of turnCpeople often have a bad memory for their experienceDsomething people meet with causes illusions in their brainD 解析：细节理解题。从倒数第二段的“Professor Anne Cleary thinks that it occurs when a person encounters something that is

37、 really familiar like the shape of a structure or the way a room is laid out.”可知，Anne Cleary 教授认为这种现象往往发生在人们遇到熟悉的东西的时候。故答案选 D 项。3What does the author want to say in the last paragraph?AWe should learn to reflect on what we have experienced.BWe can help researchers develop another theory about dj vu.

38、CWe are able to give a hand in finding the reason for dj vu.DWe may help a lot uncover the mysterious work of the human brain.8C 解析：推理判断题。从最后一段的内容可知，人们在产生这种感觉时，可以留意和思考一下这些理论，或许会帮助科学家们找出这种现象背后的原因。故答案选 C 项。4What is the purpose of this passage?ATo report some studies about dj vu.BTo seek some solutions

39、 to dj vu.Cto call on people to fight against dj vu.DTo introduce a British patient of dj vu.A 解析：写作意图题。通读全文可知，作者从一个英国人患病的症状导入，介绍了跟“似曾经历过的感觉”这一现象相关的研究内容。故答案选 A 项。七选五(2017河北衡水中学二模)Get a Thorough Understanding of OneselfIn all ones life time, it is oneself that one spends the most time being with or d

40、ealing with.1._When you are going upwards in life you tend to overestimate(高估) yourself.It seems that everything you seek for is within your reach.2._ Its likely that you think it wise for yourself to stay away from the outer world.Actually, to get a thorough understanding of oneself, you may as wel

41、l keep the following tips in mind.Gain a correct view of oneself.You may look forward hopefully to the future but be sure not to expect too much, for dreams can never be fully realized.You may be courageous to meet challenges but it should be clear to you where to direct your efforts.3._Selfapprecia

42、te.Whether you compare yourself to a high mountain or a small stone, you represent a state of nature.4._ If you earnestly(诚挚地) admire yourself youll have a real sense of selfappreciation.5_ In time of anger, do yourself a favor by releasing(释放) it in a quiet place so that you wont be hurt by its fla

43、mes; in time of sadness, do yourself a favor by sharing it with your friends so as to change a bad mood into a cheerful one；in time of tiredness, do yourself a favor by getting a good sleep.Get a full control of ones life.Then one will find ones life full of color and flavor.AIt has its own value.9B

44、Do oneself a favor when its needed.CDo yourself a favor when you resist the attack of illness. DBut it is precisely oneself that one has the least understanding of.EEspecially if it is well within your reach, you are just too blind to see it.FWhen you are going downhill you tend to underestimate you

45、rself.GSo long as you have a perfect knowledge of yourself, there wont be difficulties you cant overcome.【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。作者向我们提出了彻底了解自己的几点建议：正确认识自己、欣赏自己、善待自己以及充分把握自己的生命。1D 解析：本文的标题是“全面了解自己” 。上文提到人生在世，和我们相处最久、打交道最多的是我们自己；故 D 项“但是一个人往往最不了解的恰恰也是自己”与上文话题衔接紧密，也为本文的主旨埋下伏笔。故选 D。2F 解析：上文提到“When you are goin

46、g upwards in life you tend to overestimate(高估)yourself.” ；故 F 项“When you are going downhill.”在此处与上文构成对比，符合语境。故选 F。3G 解析：上文提到你可能会勇敢地迎接挑战，但是你必须清楚自己努力的方向；故 G 项“只要你对自己非常了解，你就没有克服不了的困难”与上文话题衔接紧密，且与本段主旨“正确了解自己”相吻合。故选 G。4A 解析：上文提到无论你把自己比作一座高山还是一块石头，你都代表着自己的一种状态；而 A 项意为“它都有它自己存在的价值” ，放在此处符合语境，与上文话题衔接紧密，且与该段

47、小标题“自我欣赏”相照应。故选 A。5B 解析：分析文章结构可知，空格处为该段小标题。根据下文三个排比句“In time of anger，do yourself a favor by.in time of sadness，do yourself a favor by.in time of tiredness，do yourself a favor.”并通读该段内容可知，B 项“必要时请善待自己”概括了该段大意，适合做该段标题。故选 B。、七选五A garden thats just right for youHave you ever visited a garden that seemed

48、 just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its parts? 1 . But it doesnt happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself 10and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process. 2 S

49、ome people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料). 3 .However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years. Recall(回忆)your childhood memoriesOur mo