2019高考英语一轮基础练Unit7TheSea（含解析）北师大版必修3.doc

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1、1Unit 7 The Sea李仕才阅读理解AVinegar makes salad, fries and dumplings taste better, and you can even use it to clean your windows. And now, according to scientists, it may even the planets population survive climate change.Researchers from the RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS) in Japan

2、found that growing plants in vinegar makes them more resistant to droughts. This could mean that in the future, worries about climate change affecting the worlds supply of food will be much lower. The discovery was made after the researchers studied the Arabidopsis, a plant known for its ability to

3、survive in dry weather. It was found that when the plant was placed in drought-like conditions, it produced a chemical called acetate（醋酸盐）the main component of vinegar.After discovering this, the scientists experimented further by adding acetate to the soil of other plants, before they stopped givin

4、g them water completely. After leaving the plants for 14 days, they found that the ones treated with acetate had survived, while the untreated plants had dried up and died.Its hoped that this simple method of survival could soon be used to help farmers in dry countries keep their crops alive. “In th

5、e experiment, we targeted the staple foods of the worldrice, wheat and maizeand the basic plant of breeding species, rapeseed（油菜籽）,“ Jong Myong Kim, co-author of the study, told Popular Science magazine.Kim also told the magazine hes already been in touch with people all over the world who are inter

6、ested in trying this simple and cost-effective method out for themselves from flower growing companies to amateur gardeners. Although at this point keeping thirsty plants alive isnt as easy as just pouring vinegar over them, Kim said he and his team are working on making the process as simple as pos

7、sible. “Now we are trying to cooperate with some farmers, and also some 2companies, to make a method to apply this system, “he said. And for those of us who always forget to ask our neighbors to water our plants when we go away, hopefully this means the end of returning home from a trip to find our

8、favorite flowers have died.1.What is the article mainly about? A. The worlds food supply will be increased. B. Plants better survive droughts.C. The Arabidopsis is resistant to droughts. D. Vinegar could be used to fight droughts.2.It was discovered that acetate can .A. be used by farmers to replace

9、 soil B. only be produced by the ArabidopsisC. help plants survive dry conditions D. be used to improve poor soil3.What are the target plants of the experiment?A. all breeding species. B. wheat and Arabidopisis.C. rice and maize. D. rapeseed and Arabidopisis.4.Jong Myong Kims experiment of trying ou

10、t the method .A. can make peoples trips pleasantB. turned out a worldwide successC. is as simple as pouring vinegar over the plantsD. appeals to many flower growing companies【文章大意】 本文属于科普类文章。醋不仅使食物味道更好，还可以用它来清洁你的窗户。研究发现醋中生长的植物，使它们更耐干旱。1.D 【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文主要讲述了醋能让植物在干旱的环境中生存，即能抗击干旱，故选 D。33.C 【解析】细节

11、理解题。根据第四段中的“In the experiment, we targeted the staple foods of the worldrice, wheat and maizeand the basic plant of breeding species, rapeseed,”可知在实验中，主要针对大米，小麦和玉米等。故选C。4.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的第一句“Kimhes already been in touch with people all over the world who are interested in trying this simple and

12、cost-effective method out for themselves from flower growing companies to amateur gardeners”分析本句可知 Kim已与对此感兴趣的花卉种植公司联系，也就是吸引这些公司。故选 D。B(2017湖南省东部六校高三联考)Children can spend hours a day looking at computer screens and other digital devices.Some eye doctors say this leads to an increase in “computer vis

13、ion syndrome(电脑视力综合症)” Nathan BonillaWarford is an optometrist (验光师) in Tampa, Florida.He has seen an increase in problems in children.“A lot more children come into the office either because their parents have noticed that they have headaches or red or watery eyes or discomfort, or because their ne

14、arsightedness appears to be increasing and theyre worried， ” he says.Dr.BonillaWarford says part of the problem is that children may be more likely to pay no attention to early warning signs than adults.“Even if their eyes start to feel uncomfortable or they start to get a headache, theyre less like

15、ly to tell their parents, because they dont want to have the game or the computer or whatever taken away， ” he explains.He says another part of the problem is that people blink(眨眼)less often when they use digital devices.He says, “A person who uses an electronic device blinks about one third as much

16、 as we normally do in everyday life.And that can result in the front part of the eye drying and not staying protected like normal.”Eye doctors offer suggestions like the following which is known as the 20/20/20 rule.That means every twenty minutes look away twenty feet or more for at least twenty se

17、conds from whatever device youre using.Other suggestions include putting more distance between you and the device 4and using good lighting.Of course, another way is to spend less time looking at screens.Many experts say children should spend no more than two hours a day using digital deviceswith no

18、screen time for children under two.But not all eye doctors have noticed an increase in problems in children.Dr.David Hunter, from Boston Childrens Hospital, has not seen an increase in his practice.“While it is possible to develop fatigue looking at screens for a long period of time, theres certainl

19、y no proof that it actually causes any damage to the eyes， ” he says.【解题导语】 本文讲述了孩子们每天花几个小时看电脑和其他数码设备，一些眼科医生说这样会增加“电脑视觉综合症”患者的数量。1Which of the following is true according to the passage?ADr.BonillaWarford thinks using computers causes nearsightedness.BPeople keep their eyes protected against drying

20、by blinking normally.CChildren under two can watch TV for less than two hours a day.DDr.David Hunter says headaches cause an increase in eye problems.B 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“A person who uses an electronic device blinks about one third as much as we normally do in everyday life.And that can result in the

21、 front part of the eye drying and not staying protected like normal”可知，一个使用电脑或者其他数码产品的人眨眼的次数是我们日常生活中正常眨眼次数的三分之一，眨眼能够防止眼睛干燥，保护眼睛。故选 B。2The syndrome in children is more likely serious than in adults because _Aadults are cleverer than childrenBadults ignore taking care of childrenCchildren always overl

22、ook early warning signsDchildren always forget their parents wordsC 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Dr.BonillaWarford says part of the problem is that children may be more likely to pay no attention to early warning signs than adults.”可知，验光师 BonillaWarford说儿童比成年人的电脑视力综合症情况严重是因为儿童往往比成年人更容易忽略其早期的症状。故选 C。3What does t

23、he underlined word “fatigue” mean in the last paragraph?AInterest. BAbility.CTiredness. DDifficulty.C 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“looking at screens for a long period 5of time”可知，长时间盯着屏幕看会造成视觉疲劳，但是没有证据表明它会对眼睛造成损伤。fatigue 意为“疲劳” 。故选 C。4What can be the best title for the passage?ALooking at Screens: Two Hours o

24、r MoreBHow Can Children Use Their Eyes ProperlyCUsing Digital Devices: Advantages and DisadvantagesDHow Much Screen Time Is Proper for ChildrenD 解析：标题归纳题。本文讲述了孩子们每天花几个小时看电脑和其他数码设备，一些眼科医生说这样会增加“电脑视觉综合症”患者的数量。眼科医生推荐了 20/20/20规则：每隔 20分钟看 20英尺外或更远的地方至少 20秒钟。故选 D项作标题最恰当。CPollutions great effects on the e

25、nvironment have become more obvious in recent years, leading to a movement to promote energy efficiency（效率）,less reliance on fossil（化石) fuels, and a reduction in air and water pollution. Most scientists agree that such changes are necessary to protect our environment from further harm.The constructi

26、on industry consumes a large quantity of energy and resources and creates a huge amount of pollution. In the United States, building and development account for 39% of the countrys total energy use, 12% of total water consumption,68% of total electricity consumption and 38% of carbon dioxide emissio

27、ns（二氧化碳排放）, according to the Environment Protection Agency.Green buildings use less energy, water, create less waste, and are healthier to live, work, and go to school in than standard buildings. Builders of green buildings use techniques that use resources more efficiently during the entire buildin

28、g cycleconstruction, restoration, operation, maintenance（维护）and demolition（拆毁）than those who construct more regular buildings.The environmental benefits of building green include the protection of ecosystems（生态系统）and biodiversity, improved air and water quality, less waste flowing into streams, and

29、the protection of natural resources. Green buildings can also result in lower operating costs because they typically use less energy and fewer materials and improve indoor air quality, improving the 6health of people who live in such buildings.The process of building green includes technical and art

30、istic planning with nature protection in mind. Building designs often reflect the surrounding environment and natural resources and use renewable building materials such as bamboo and straw. In addition, recycled resources found locally are used for green buildings, reducing the cost and air polluti

31、on associated with transporting materials over long distances.Careful site selection is important to minimize（最小化）human impact on the surrounding environment. For example, placing a structure in an area that allows it to take advantage of cool breezes（微风）and sunlight can reduce energy use and expens

32、es. More energy and expense are needed for larger buildings as well, so it is important to build small.Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and cost. These roofs are partly or completely covered with plants, which helps to keep heating and cooling costs, prevent wat

33、er running off and deal with pollutants.Other features of green buildings often include energy and water conservation, recycling, and waste reduction. In addition, renewable energy sources such as solar power, hydropower（水能）and wind power are used for heat and electricity, which greatly reduces cost

34、s and decreases the impact on the environment.1.What is the text mainly about?A. The necessity of promoting energy efficiency.B. The process of building green buildings.C. The benefits and features of green buildings.D. Green buildings effects on the environment.2.According to the text, green buildi

35、ngs refer to the buildings that_.A. produce no wasteB. only use clean energyC. are made of recycled materialsD. use energy and resources more efficiently73.Which of the following statements is TRUE about green buildings?A. They rely on fossil fuels and solar power for heat and electricity.B. Small b

36、uildings are less efficient in energy use than larger ones.C. The ecosystem has to be considered when building a green building.D. They are difficult to maintain and thus need more operating costs.4.Why are green roofs used ?A. They fit the surrounding environment wellB. They are cheaper than other

37、kinds of roofsC. They can keep natural water for use in everyday lifeD. They can help to control the temperature in the building well【文章大意】在本文中作者主要分析了 green building的诸多好处和对环境的巨大的保护作用，呼吁人们多建设这样的绿色的建筑。1.C 【解析】主旨大意题。本文第三段中 Green buildings use less energy, water, create less waste, and are healthier to

38、live, work, or go to school in than standard buildings. Green buildings use resources more properly during the entire building cycle than traditional building.和倒数第二段第一句 Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and cost.倒数第一段第一句 Other features of green buildings often in

39、clude energy and water conservation, recycling, and waste reduction.可知本文主要讲述的是Green buildings的很多的好处和特征。故 C正确。3.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段第一句 The environmental benefits of building green include the protection of ecosystems（生态系统）and biodiversity, improved air and water quality, less waste flowing into streams

40、, and the protection of natural resources.由此可知，建造绿色建筑时必须考虑生态系统。故选 C。4.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段 These roofs are partly or completely 8covered with plants, which helps to keep heating and cooling costs, prevent water running off and deal with pollutants.可知，他们可以帮助控制大楼里的温度。故选 D。D(2017福建高三单科质量检查)Want to help

41、fight global warming？Take off your tie，says the Italian health Ministry.It has urged employers to let their staff dress casually at work in the summer so that the air conditioning can be turned down.“Taking your tie off immediately lowers the body temperature by 2 or 3 degrees centigrade， ”the minis

42、try said in a statement.“Allowing a more sensible use of air conditioning brings about electricity savings and protects the environment.”It called on all public and private offices to let employees wear no tie during heat waves like the one that has brought Africalike temperatures to many parts of I

43、taly this week.The move echoes(回应) a similar action from Italys biggest oil group，ENI，which told its staff earlier this month they need not wear a tie at work.The tie makers，however，were left hot_under_the_collar“Italy confirms that it is a strange country， ”Flavio Cima said angrily in a letter to f

44、inancial daily IL Sole 24 ORE under the headline：“I，tie maker，am responsible for global warming.”“We can now happily continue with our lifestyle，using cars，consuming fuel，heating and cooling our homes at leisure.On one condition：we should not wear a tie while we do so， ” he wrote.“I should have list

45、ened to my friends and become an oil producer instead.”Italy is one of the European Unions worst performers on the pollution front and is among the EU countries expected to exceed(超出) their greenhouse gas emission(排放) targets.【解题导语】 解掉领带可以让体温下降 2或 3度，所以许多公司鼓励员工不戴领带上班，以抵制全球气候变暖；但是，这种主张遭到了领带制造商的反对。1Wh

46、ats the purpose of the move of taking off ties?9ATo dress casually.BTo fight global warming.CTo keep the body temperature.DTo improve working conditions.B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的“Want to help fight global warming？Take off your tie”可知，解掉领带是为了抵制全球变暖，故 B项正确。2Who first encouraged employees to take off ties?AENI

47、.BFlavio Cima.CA financial daily.DThe Italian health ministry.A 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“.ENI，which told its staff earlier this month they need not wear a tie at work”可知，ENI 公司最早鼓励员工上班时不戴领带，故 A项正确。3What does the underlined part “hot under the collar” in Paragraph 6 probably mean?AAngry. BSpeechless.CDelight

48、ed. DPuzzled.A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段和第五段可知，包括 ENI在内的许多公司，都鼓励员工不戴领带上班；根据常识可以判断，此举势必造成领带制造商的商品滞销；结合第七段的“Flavio Cima said angrily in a letter”可以判断，画线部分意为“愤怒的” ，故A项正确。B 项意为“(因愤怒等)说不出话的” ，C 项意为“高兴的” ，D 项意为“困惑的” ，都与语境不符。4Which of the following is TRUE about Flavio Cima?AHe stands by the oil group.BHe agrees with

49、 the ministry.CHe admits his responsibility.DHe argues against taking off ties.D 解析：推理判断题。根据第六段“The tie makers，however，were left hot_under_the_collar”以及第七段中的“Italy confirms that it is a strange country， Flavio Cima said angrily in a letter”可知，对于鼓励员工不戴领带上班一事，作为领带制造商的 Flavio Cima非常生气；据此可以判断，他对不戴领带工作的观点有异议，故 D项正确。七选五10(2017烟台高考适应性练习)People who seem to have all the luck are not usually blessed by a large amount of good fortune.They simply have a healthy attitude, which enables them to ma