甘肃省天水市第一中学2019届高三英语上学期第五次质量检测（1月）试卷（含解析）.doc

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1、1天水市一中 2019 届高三一轮复习第五次质量检测试题英语试题第 I 卷本试卷分为第 I 卷(选择题)和第 II 卷(非选择题)两部分。时间：100 分钟，分数：120 分第一部分 阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和 D)中，选出最佳选项。AImagine youve had a fight with your best friend.Its a stupid fight，something you will both get over.But right now you are upset.When you walk in the door，your mum ask

2、s whats wrong.How are you mostly likely to respond? Have a long，comforting talk about it with her.Or head to the fridge for the ice cream.But can that really help you feel betteror just make you feel sickeningly full?Emotional eating is when people use food as a way to deal with feelings instead of

3、to satisfy hunger.Weve all been there，finishing a whole bag of chips or eating cookie after cookie while preparing for a coming exam.But when done a lotespecially without realizing itemotional eating can affect weight，health，and wellbeing.One of the biggest beliefs about emotional eating is that its

4、 caused by negative feelings.Yes，people often turn to food when theyre stressed out，lonely，sad，anxious，or bored.Nevertheless，emotional eating can be linked to positive feelings too，like the romance of sharing dessert on Valentines Day or the celebration of a holiday feast.More often，though，its the c

5、ountless little daily stresses that cause someone to seek comfort or relaxation in food.We all have our own comfort foods.Amazingly，they may vary according to moods and sex.One study found that happy people seem to want to eat things like pizza，while sad people prefer ice cream and cookies.Bored peo

6、ple desire salty，fragile things，like chips.Girls go for chocolate and ice cream.2This brings up a curious question: Does no one take comfort in carrots and cabbages？Researchers are looking into that，too.What theyre finding is that highfat foods，like ice cream，may activate certain chemicals in the bo

7、dy that create a sense of contentment and fulfillment，which may actually make you reach for these foods again when feeling upset.Were all emotional eaters to some extent.But for some people，emotional eating can be a real problem，causing serious problems such as weight gain.Managing emotional eating

8、means finding other ways to deal with the situations and feelings that make someone turn to food.For example，do you come home from school each day and automatically head to the kitchen? Stop and ask yourself， “Am I really hungry？” Are you having difficulty concentrating? If these signs point to hung

9、er，choose something light and healthy to take the edge off until dinner.1. The first two paragraphs are designed to _A. offer advice on how to comfort an annoyed childB. explain the function of eating an ice creamC. put forward the idea of emotional eatingD. stress the importance of friendship2. Peo

10、ple turn to emotional eating because _A. they suffer from weight problemsB. they want to seek comfort or relaxationC. they have a strong desire for foodD. they benefit a lot from eating3. Which of the following may not serve as comfort food?A. Cookies. B. Carrots.C. Chips. D. Pizzas.4. Whats the mai

11、n idea of the last paragraph?A. Eat whenever you cant concentrate.B. It is natural to feel hungry after school.C. Its hard to tell physical hunger from mental hunger.3D. There are ways to break the cycle of emotional eating.【答案】1. C 2. B 3. B 4. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文，介绍了“情绪饮食”这个概念，并对其进行了分析。【1 题详解】推理判断题。第

12、一段介绍了一个“情绪饮食”的例子。由第二段第一句 “Emotional eating is when people use food as a way to deal with feelings instead of to satisfy hunger” 可知，第二段开始介绍“情绪饮食”这个概念。可见第一、二段旨在引入“情绪饮食”这一话题。故选 C。【2 题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句 “More often, though, its the countless little daily stresses that cause someone to seek comfort or re

13、laxation in food” 可知，多数情况下，人们的情绪饮食是源于对自身减压的需要，故选 B。【3 题详解】细节理解题。cookies 意为“饼干” ，chips 意为“薯条” ， pizzas 意为“披萨” ，都是富含脂肪的食物，carrots 意为“胡萝卜”几乎不含脂肪。根据第五段中的第三句 “What theyre finding is that high-fat foods, like ice cream, may activate certain chemicals in the body that create a sense of contentment and fulf

14、illment, which may actually make you reach for these foods again when feeling upset.” 可知，吃含有高脂肪的食物才有一定的满足感。故选 B。【4 题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的首句，即主题句 “Managing emotional eating means finding other ways to deal with the situations and feelings that make someone turn to food.” 可知，控制情感饮食就是要找到一些方法处理好各种情形和情绪，让人想吃

15、东西，即本段主要介绍打破 emotional eating 的方法，故选 D。【点睛】主旨大意题一般包括：短文标题、主题大意或段落大意等。此题型要求考生在理解文章后归纳文章要点，概括中心思想。本篇文章中的第 4 小题就是考查的段落大意。概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括，如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动4词或反映人物特点的形容词。在这个题中，开头的首句就是本段的主题句，所以根据主题句就可以得出答案。BIn New York，Ma witnessed the Alibaba Group opening on

16、 the New York stock exchange with the largest initial public offering (IPO，新股发行) in American history.“Alibaba，the worlds largest Internet commerce company makes China equal to the US in the rapidly increasing global competition for technological innovation (创新) and economic transformation， ” comment

17、ed the South China Morning Post.It has also made Ma Chinas richest man with a fortune of around $25 billion (153 billion yuan)，reported Reuters.Its reported that Mas ragstoriches journey is just as spectacular as his Internet empire.Ma failed the national college entrance exams twice before he was f

18、inally in Hangzhou Normal University on his third attempt and failed in finding a suitable job several times.Aslo，Mr Ma is a big believer in perseverance，which was proved in his English study experience.However，it was his vision and goals that launched his career.During a short trip to the US as an

19、interpreter in 1995，Ma first experienced the Internet.He believed in the Internets business potential when few other Chinese people did.He started Alibaba in his Hangzhou apartment，with 17 friends and $60，000 of funds.At the time，when ecommerce was unheard of in China， “I_called_myself_a_blind_man_r

20、iding_on_the_back_of_blind_tigers， ” he once said，according to The Guardian.His unusual ideas earned him the nickname “Crazy Jack Ma”Indeed，Ma is different.Although he is very thin and about 160cm tall， “Ma is yet animated and forceful， ” said The Guardian.He is funny，creative，and a compelling (引人注目

21、的) speaker.5Ma told Time magazine that he was “old for the Internet”He started to slow down and looked around.According to The Wall Street Journal，Ma plans to open a tai chi club with the actor Jet Li，build an entrepreneur (企业家) university in Hangzhou and continue to work on several environmental pr

22、ojects.5. What made him into ecommerce industry?A. His foresight and ambitions. B. His English learning experience.C. His belief in perseverance. D. His 17 friends and$60，000 funds.6. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 mean?A. Ma is a blind man riding on a blind tiger. B. Ma knew littl

23、e about ecommerce.C. Ma had no confidence in his business future. D. Ma had not enough money at that time.7. Whats the personality of Ma Yun according to the passage?A. Determined and creative. B. Funny and competitive.C. Rich and different. D. Attractive and believable.8. Whats the best title of th

24、e passage?A. The development of Alibaba Group B. Ma Yuns personal lifeC. Ecommerce in China D. Ma Yuns crazy success【答案】5. A 6. B 7. A 8. D【解析】本文是人物介绍。介绍了阿里巴巴的创始人马云，是他的远见卓识和创造力促进了他的职业生涯，他的不寻常的想法为他赢得了绰号“疯狂的马云“。【5 题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段 However，it was his vision and goals that launched his career可知正是他的远见和目标推

25、动了他的职业生涯。故选 A。【6 题详解】句意猜测题。根据第五段第四句 At the time，when e-commerce was unheard of in China 可知在这个时候，e-commerce 在中国还没有被听到过。故选 B。【7 题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的 He is funny，creative ，and a compelling （引人注6目的） speaker 可知他是一位风趣的、有创造力的并引人注目的演讲者。另根据 Also， Mr Ma is a big believer in perseverance， which was proved in hi

26、s English study experience.可知他有决心和毅力，故选 A。【8 题详解】主旨大意题。根据倒数第三段最后一句 His unusual ideas earned him the nickname “Crazy Jack Ma“可知他的不寻常的想法为他赢得了绰号“疯狂的马云“。故选 D。CGuests arriving at the Aloft Hotel in Manhattan or one in Silicon Valley will soon be able to do something hotels have dreamed about offering for

27、 years: walk past the check-in desk and enter their rooms by using a smartphone as a room key. The boutique hotel brand from Starwood to Hotels you just have to sit down, shut up and _40_ it.21. A. gave B. received C. accepted D. ignored22. A. nothing B. something C. everything D. anything23. A. tra

28、in B. compare C. understand D. master24. A. begin B. finish C. form D. write25. A. rather than B. or rather C. other than D. or else26. A. nature B. advice C. decision D. belief27. A. representing B. controlling C. starting D. directing28. A. busy B. empty C. narrow D. dusty29. A. right B. plan C. r

29、oom D. force30. A. votes B. quarrels C. searches D. fights31. A. make up B. get up C. shut up D. pull up32. A. communicating B. describing C. expressing D. adding33. A. important B. absurd C. useful D. cheerful34. A. constantly B. deliberately C. legally D. usually35. A. look B. care C. listen D. re

30、act36. A. successful B. fortunate C. energetic D. pleasant37. A. remembered B. learned C. read D. written38. A. imagination B. difference C. scene D. point39. A. Therefore B. However C. Anyhow D. Besides40. A. say B. make C. do D. take【答案】21. B 22. B 23. C 24. B 25. A 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. C 30. D 3

31、1. C 32. B 33. A 34. B 35. C 36. A 37. D 38. B 39. B 40. C15【解析】【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，多听少说是一名交际专家给出的建议，作者也通过自己的经历来说明了倾听的重要性。【21 题详解】考查动词辨析。gave 给；received 收到；accepted 接受；ignored 忽视。 “你有两只耳朵和一张嘴，记住多听少说。 ”这是我之前从一位沟通专家那里得到的建议，这让我开始考虑倾听。故选 B。【22 题详解】考查代词辨析。nothing 没有什么；something 某事，某物；everything 一切；anything任何

32、事情。这不是我们大多数人擅长的事情。故选 B。【23 题详解】考查动词辨析。train 训练；compare 比较；understand 明白，理解；master 掌握。甚至那些以写作为生以及应该明白如何做采访和倾听的人也常常弄错。故选 C。【24 题详解】考查动词辨析。begin 开始；finish 完成，结束；form 形成；write 写。不要打断或者试图去完成别人的话，故选 B。【25 题详解】考查短语辨析。rather than 而不是；or rather 更精确地说；other than 除了；or else否则，要不然。充分关注人说话而不是只把精力集中在你的下一个评论。故选 A。

33、【26 题详解】考查名词辨析。nature 自然；advice 建议；decision 决定；belief 信念。在听取了那位沟通专家的建议后，我最近发现了这一点。故选 B。【27 题详解】考查动词辨析。representing 代表；controlling 控制；starting 开始；directing 指导。一位先生代表一个由小城镇组成的非常大的地区。故选 A。【28 题详解】考查形容词辨析。busy 忙的；empty 空的；narrow 狭窄的；dusty 落满灰尘的。他抱怨主街道太窄，没有足够的停车场。故选 C。【29 题详解】16考查名词辨析。right 权利；plan 计划；ro

34、om 房间，空间；force 力量。他抱怨主街道太窄，没有足够的停车场，也没有扩大道路的空间。故选 C。【30 题详解】考查动词辨析。votes 投票；quarrels 争吵；searches 搜寻，调查；fights 战斗。他抱怨主要街道太窄，没有足够的停车场，也没有扩大道路的空间，而这些正是我们组织要争取的。fight for sth.为了而斗争。故选 D。【31 题详解】考查动词短语辨析。make up 组成；get up 起床；shut up 闭嘴；pull up 停下，阻止。我没有争论这个问题，只是闭嘴，想改变一下让他说。故选 C。【32 题详解】考查动词辨析。communicati

35、ng 交流，交际；describing 描述；expressing 表达；adding加上。在我们的时间结束之前，他描述了他的儿子是如何修复教堂的，以及建筑保护对他和他的家庭是多么重要。故选 B。【33 题详解】考查形容词辨析。important 重要的；absurd 荒谬的；useful 有用的；cheerful 快乐的，愉快的。在我们的时间结束之前，他描述了他的儿子是如何修复教堂的，以及建筑保护对他和他的家庭是多么重要。故选 A。【34 题详解】考查副词辨析。constantly 不断地，时常地；deliberately 故意地；legally 合法地；usually 通常地。如果我不是故

36、意练习倾听，我们可能早就离开他的办公室了。故选 B。【35 题详解】考查动词辨析。look 看；care 关心；listen 听；react 反应。我花了很长时间去学习如何倾听。故选 C。【36 题详解】考查形容词辨析。successful 成功的；fortunate 幸运的；energetic 精力充沛的；pleasant 高兴的。如果我多听一些，我可能会更成功。故选 A。【37 题详解】考查动词辨析。remembered 记得；learned 学习，了解；read 读；written 写。既然我写作和教学，我经常写关于倾听对我们与他人的联系是多么重要，以及倾听对我的生活产生了多么大的影响。

37、故选 D。17【38 题详解】考查名词辨析。imagination 想象；difference 区别；scene 场面，情景；point 要点。既然我写作和教学，我经常写关于倾听对我们与他人的联系是多么重要，以及倾听对我的生活产生了多么大的影响。make a difference 有影响。故选 B。【39 题详解】考查副词辨析。therefore 因此，所以；however 然而；anyhow 无论如何；besides 而且。然而，听到和倾听是不同的。故选 B。【40 题详解】考查动词辨析。say 说；make 制作；do 做；take 拿，取。有趣的是，没有任何硬件可以帮助你听；你只需要坐下

38、来，闭嘴，然后去做。故选 C。【点睛】文章中第二段的最后一句 Had I not deliberately practiced listening, we might have left his office earlier.以及第三段中的 I might have been more successful had I listened more.这两句话都用到了状语从句虚拟语气的省略倒装，知道了这一点可以帮助我们准确选择小题 14 和小题 16 的答案。当虚拟条件句的谓语部分含有were, should, had 时，我们可以将连词 if 省略掉，而将 were, should, had 置

39、于句首。例如：Had I known your address, I would have written before.=If I had known your address, I would have written before.我要是知道你的地址，我早就给你写信了。Were they here now, they could help us. =If they were here now, they could help us.如果他们现在在这里的话，就会帮助我们了。第 II 卷第二节 语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容

40、（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Hero writer who wrote of heroes has passed away18“_41_there are Chinese speakers, there are his readers.”That sentence highlights the huge influence of Louis Cha Leungyung, _42_(well) known by his pen name Jin Yong, one of the most _43_(influence) Chinese novelists. Over three hun

41、dred million copies of his books have been sold in the Chinese-speaking world alone.A hero who writes heroesIn their condolences (哀悼) to his family, many people called Cha a “hero” even though he considered _44_(he) a writer of hero stories.Thats because of the humanistic concerns in both his novels

42、 and his newspaper articles. In all his martial arts stories, he shows a strong anti-war tendency. In The Legend of the Condor Heroes, _45_novel which impresses us deeply , he wrote how Genghis Khan was moved by the heros words and regretted his _46_ (kill) before his death.“He has mercy for everybo

43、dy in this mortal (凡人) world, ” Wang Xiaolei, owner of a WeChat public account that specializes in analysis of Chas works, _47_(write) in his condolences._48_their popularity, only The Deer and the Cauldron as well as other three novels _49_(translate) into English. Legends of the Condor Heroes, was

44、 scheduled _50_(hit) bookstores in February in 2018.【答案】41. Where 42. better 43. influential 44. himself 45. a 46. killings 47. wrote 48. Despite 49. has been translated 50. to hit【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文，介绍了武侠小说大师金庸先生。【41 题详解】19考查地点状语从句。句意：有说中文的人的地方，就有他的读者。逗号前是一个地点状语从句，表示在地方，所以用 where 来引导。故填 Where。【42 题详解】考

45、查副词比较级。句意：这句话凸显了查良镛的巨大影响力，他的笔名金庸更为人熟知。此处是原名与笔名之间进行比较，所以这里应该用比较级，故填 better。【43 题详解】考查形容词。根据前面的 the most 可知此处应该填形容词作定语修饰后面的名词，influence 的形容词为 influential，意思为有影响力的。故填 influential。【44 题详解】考查代词。主语与宾语是同一人时，宾语用反身代词表示某人自己。故填 himself。【45 题详解】考查冠词。在这个句子中，逗号前后为同位语关系，The Legend of the Condor heroes是一部令我们印象深刻的小说

46、，此处表示泛指一部小说，故填 a。【46 题详解】考查名词。空格前 his 是形容词性物主代词，后面需要加名词，所以空格处需要填一个名词，另根据常识可知他的杀戮不止一次，所以要用复数。故填 killings。【47 题详解】考查动词时态。空格处是句子的谓语，要注意时态，而王晓磊写悼词是过去的事情，所以要用过去时，故填 wrote。【48 题详解】考查介词。句意：尽管广受欢迎，但只有鹿鼎记以及其他三部小说被译成了英语。根据句意可知，空格处需要填“尽管，虽然”这个意思的词，故填 Despite。【49 题详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：尽管广受欢迎，但只有鹿鼎记以及其他三部小说被译成了英语。根据句意

47、可知，到目前为止鹿鼎记和其他三部小说被翻译成英语，所以要用现在完成时，主语与动词之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。另外主语中含有 as well as 的，谓语动词根据前面的名词来决定单复数形式，故填 has been translated。【50 题详解】考查固定搭配。be scheduled to do sth.被安排做某事，预定于。这是一个固定搭配，故填 to hit。20【点睛】第 9 小题中考查了主语中含有 as well as 时的主谓一致。当 as well as 连接两个名词或代词做主语时，谓语动词要和前面的名词或代词保持一致，有这种用法的还有with，together with

48、，along with，rather than，besides，except，but 等。例如：Mary as well as her parents likes music.Her parents as well as Mary like music.Jim as well as his classmates is playing basketball now.His classmates as well as Jim are playing basketball now.第三部分 书面表达第一节：短文改错(共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分)51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交

49、换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下便条。便条中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改 10 处，多者(从第 11 处起)不计分。Among all the European cities, I love Paris more. Paris is known to the world center of culture and fashion. You may find many famous museums there, the most famous of that is Louvre.Louvre dated b