四川省南充市2019中考英语二轮复习第一部分教材知识梳理篇八下Units3_4知识梳理精练人教新目标版.doc

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1、1Units 34单元重点回顾类别 课标考点要求重点单词1.rubbish(n.)垃圾；废弃物2.fold(v.)折叠；对折3.sweep(v.)扫；打扫4.floor(n.)地板5.mess(n.)杂乱；不整洁6.throw(v.) 扔；掷7.neither(adv.)也不(pron.)两者都不8.shirt(n.)衬衫9.pass(v.)给；递；走过；通过10.borrow(v.)借；借用11.lend(v.)借给；借出12.finger(n.)手指13.hate(v.)厌恶；讨厌14.while(conj.)与同时；当的时候；而；然而15.stress(n.)精神压力；心理负担22.si

2、nce(conj.)因为；既然(prep.,conj. something(D)2.Could I watch TV?No,you _.You _ finish your homework first.A.couldnt can B.cant；canC.couldnt；must D.cant；must7neither (八下 Unit 3 P19)【举例透析】She did not do any homework and neither did I.她一点作业都没有做,我也没有。He cant swim.他不会游泳。Neither can I.我也不会。They dont like it.他们

3、不喜欢它。Neither does he.他也不喜欢。Im not tired.我不累。Neither am I.我也不累。(neither 情态动词/be 动词/助动词 主语,是常见的倒装句型,表示“后者也不” 。) Neither answer is correct.两个答案都不对。(neither可作形容词,表示“两者都不”,放在单数名词前。)Neither of them has/have a car.他们两个人都没有车。(neither可作代词,常与 of连用,表示“两者都不。 ”)Neither my father nor I am interested in the film.我

4、父亲和我都对这部电影不感兴趣。(neithernor 表示“既不也不” ；连接主语时,谓语动词遵循就近原则。)(D)1.(2018达州中考)Why dont you get used to the life in Beijing?_ the crowded traffic _ the high living cost.The only reason is the badly polluted air.A.Not only；but also B.Either；orC.Both；and D.Neither；nor(C)2.Neither of my friends _ in Yibin.A.liv

5、ing B.to live C.lives D.are lived辨析 borrow与 lend (八下 Unit 3 P20)8【举例透析】Jack borrowed lots of money from his friends,but he never paid it back.杰克从他朋友那里借了很多钱,但是他从来没有还过钱。(borrow作动词,意为“借”,用法：borrowfrom向借,表示借入。)I lent that book to Lucy yesterday. I lent Lucy that book yesterday.我昨天把书借给露西了。(lend作动词,意为 “借给

6、；给予”,过去式 lent,过去分词 lent；用法：lend sb.sth.lend sth.to sb.,表示借出。)(B)I _ an interesting book from my classmate.Could you please _ it to me?A.borrowed；lend B.borrow；lentC.lend；borrow D.lend；borrowedin order to (八下 Unit 3 P22)【举例透析】In order to finish writing his new book on time,he often stayed up late las

7、t year.为了按时写完他的新书,去年他经常熬夜到很晚。In order not to make a difference to his own health,he keeps on running every morning.为了不影响他自己的健康,他坚持每天早晨跑步。(in order to do sth.表示“为了”, 可用于句首或句中。否定结构为：in order not to do sth.)He keeps writing English diaries _in_ _order_ _to_(为了) learn English well.allow (八下 Unit 4 P25)【

8、举例透析】My parents dont allow me to hang out with my friends.我父母不允许我和朋友闲逛。(allow作动词,意为“同意；允许”,用法：allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事) 9I am not allowed to stay out past ten.我不被允许在外面待到十点以后。(be (not) allowed to do sth.(不)被允许做某事)(A)(2018孝感中考)Attention,please! Without permission,children are not allowed _ alone her

9、e.A.to swim B.swimmingC.swim D.swaminstead (八下 Unit 4 P27)【举例透析】Instead he watches whatever he wants until late at night.相反,他看他想看的任何东西一直到晚上很晚。He is tired.Let me do it instead.他累了,让我来代替他做。(instead作副词,意为“代替；然而；相反” 。位于句首或句末。)I walked to school this morning instead of taking the bus.我走路到学校代替乘公共汽车。I came

10、 instead of my brother.我代替我哥哥来的。Who would like to solve this problem instead of him？你想让谁来代替他解决这个问题？(instead of 介词短语,意为“代替；而不是” 。后面接名词,代词,v.ing；位于句中。)(C)1.Its raining now.I would like to watch TV at home instead of _ soccer outside.A.play B.to play C.playing D.played(A)2.(2018安徽中考改编)May I use your co

11、mputer,Mr.Black?Go ahead.I will use my iPad _.A.instead B.althoughC.since D.for10辨析 offer与 provide (八下 Unit 4 P27)【举例透析】The little boy offered his seat to an old woman on the bus.The little boy offered an old woman his seat on the bus.那个小男孩把他的位置让给了一位老妇人。(offer作动词,意为“提供” ；用法：offer sb.sth. offer sth._

12、to_sb.为某人提供某物He offers to help me with my homework.他帮助我做家庭作业。(offer to_do sth.主动做某事)The school provided food for the students.The school provided the students with food.这所学校为学生提供食物。(provide作动词,意为“提供”,出于某种责任和义务为某人提供某物；用法：provide sb. with sth. provide sth. for sb.为某人提供某物)(D)It is not the parents job t

13、o provide you _ help all the time.You kids also need to offer help _ them sometimes.A.to；with B.for；toC.with；with D.with；to return (八下 Unit 4 P28)【举例透析】She will return me the book tomorrow. She will return the book to me tomorrow.她明天将把书还给我。(return作动词,意为“归还；回”,用法：return sb.sth.return sth. to sb.还给某人某

14、物)We returned to school at five.We went back to school at five.我们五点返回学校。(return togo/come back to,因此不再与 back连用。)1.你必须将书按时还给图书馆。11You must _return_ the books _to_ the library on time.(B)2.When did you _ to school yesterday?In the afternoon.A.return back B.return C.returned D.returned back高频话题写作指导烦恼与建

15、议话题解读中学生处于特殊的成长时期,既没有完全脱离家庭的影响,又逐步形成了自己独特的人生观、世界观和价值观。所以,很多中学生都在学习或生活上存在一定的烦恼,如学习效率的提升、与家人及朋友相处等方面。另外,就一些具体的事例、朋友的烦恼等提出自己的意见或建议,也在生活中非常常见,所以这个话题的写作非常贴近中学生的日常生活,也是中考作文容易考到的一个话题(2018 年内蒙古呼和浩特,2018 年广西,2017 年浙江宁波)。写作形式往往以书信或电子邮件为主。写作素材包常用作文开头语：1.My name is Mary.I am a middle school student from No.15 M

16、iddle School.(自我介绍)【试一试】今天我将把我的好朋友介绍给大家认识。_Today_Ill_introduce_my_good_friend_to_all_of_you._2.I have something annoying to tell you and hope to get some help.(have sth.to do有某事要做)【试一试】我有一些麻烦事要解决。_I_have_some_trouble_to_solve._3.Id like to hear from you about some of my trouble.(hear from收到某人来信)【试一试

17、】昨天我收到了我叔叔的信。_I_heard_from_my_uncle_yesterday._常用作文中间语：121.I dont think my friends are friendly to me.(I dont think 从句,我认为不怎么样)【试一试】我认为我不会去参加那个舞蹈俱乐部。_I_dont_think_I_will_join_the_dancing_club._2.When I want to ask them questions on math,they often say they cant do it,either.3.My parents dont seem to

18、 care about me.(care about关心)【试一试】关心老人是我们的责任。_It_is_our_duty_to_care_about_the_old._4.My cousin took my school things without my permission and didnt return them.5.It made me very angry.6.We often fight with each other for something meaningless.7.I dont know what to do.常用作文结束语：1.Could you please giv

19、e me some advice?2.Would you help me to solve this mess?3.Can you tell me the way to get rid of my trouble?典例剖析(原创题)小军是一名中学生。最近他非常沮丧,因为他认为他的父母对他学习上要求过于严格。假如你是小军,请写一封信给老师 Mr.Wang述说你的烦恼。要点：1.最近很不开心；2.父母对自己很严格,成绩好就满意,成绩不理想就对自己非常担忧,给自己很大的压力；3.希望得到老师的帮助。要求：词数 90词左右。语意通顺,意思连贯,注意书信格式。【审题指导】这是一篇书信形式的作文。写作时必

20、须包含要求中提到的三点,可适当发挥。全文在写作时以一般现在时结合一般过去时为主,以第一人称的口吻进行叙述。【写作导图】13【参考范文】Dear Mr.Wang,Im Xiaojun,one of your students.I am very upset these days.My parents are usually quite strict with me.When I get good grades,we are all happy. But last week,I failed my math exam,and my parents were so worried that the

21、world seemed to be its end.They give me too much pressure on my study.I dont know what I should do.Can you give me some suggestions? Thank you very much.Yours, Xiaojun【名师点评】本文的亮点之处有：1.格式正确；2.用语准确生动,使用了短语 be strict with sb.; seem to do; sothat句型以及 when引导的状语从句；3.叙事清楚,要点全面覆盖,并有一定的拓展。模拟写作(2019预测)某校心理辅导老

22、师 Mr.Wang收到一封来自学生小军的来信。在信中小军倾诉了自己的烦恼。请根据所给信息,给小军写一封回信。要点：1.感谢小军的来信和信任；2.继续努力学习、保持与父母的沟通；3.进行一定的身体锻炼,保持良好的心态。要求：1.90 词左右；2.可适当拓展；3.内容完整,语言流畅；144.所给的开头和结尾不计入总词数。Dear Xiaojun,Thanks a lot for your letter and your trust. You told me about your problem,and I think its common between parents and teenagers

23、.First,I think your parents really care about you,so they are strict with you.Thats not a bad thing,right? I believe you can work harder next time and communicate with your parents more.You can show them that you have tried your best on your study.I think they will understand.Also,do some sports whe

24、n you are free,it can make you feel relaxed and study better. I think you can deal with it well.Cheer up,kid！ Yours, Mr.Wang直 击 中 考一、单项选择。(D)1.(2018眉山中考)Would you like to go to the city park?Im not sure.If Mike doesnt,_.A.neither I do B.neither do I C.neither I will D.neither will I (C)2.(2018通辽中考改编

25、)Students _ to the library after school.A.allow to go B.are allowed goingC.are allowed to go D.allow going(B)3.(2018安徽中考)Its said that shopping online is safe._.Youd better be careful.A.I agree B.That dependsC.I think so D.No problem(C)4.(2018安徽中考)Our class are much sure to win the basketball game _

26、 Class Three.A.of B.in C.against D.from 二、(2018 滨州中考改编)阅读理解。15On April 2,we said goodbye to Tiangong I,Chinas first space lab.According to the China Manned Space Agency(中国载人航天),Tiangong I reentered the Earths atmosphere(大气层) and some of its debris(碎片) fell into the South Pacific Ocean.There are many

27、 spacecraft(宇宙飞船) that are still in orbit(轨道) above the Earth.After finishing their trips,they will all reenter the Earths atmosphere like Tiangong I.There are two types of reentries：controlled reentry and uncontrolled reentry.Some satellites and manned spacecraft come back to the Earth in a control

28、led reentry.Experts calculate(计算) the path of the falling spacecraft and its speed.They can guide the spacecraft to fall in a chosen area.Some spacecraft may have problems while in space after a certain amount of time.These spacecraft come back in an uncontrolled reentry.It is hard to tell when and

29、where these spacecraft will fall until the last few hours.The US space station Skylab came back partially uncontrolled in 1979.Parts of the station fell in western Australia,but no one was hurt.During reentry,most of the spacecraft will burn up while passing through the Earths atmosphere. Only a sma

30、ll amount of the debris will reach the ground.The debris typically ends up falling into the ocean,China Daily reported.(A)1.The debris from Tiangong I _.A.fell into the South Pacific OceanB.fell in western AustraliaC.fell in the central part of the USD.fell into the North Pacific Ocean(D)2.When the

31、spacecraft finishes its trip,it will _.A.burn up and disappearB.speed up and fly back to the EarthC.enter another orbit and stay in spaceD.reenter the Earths atmosphere16(B)3.From the passage,we know there are _ types of reentries.A.one B.two C.three D.four(C)4.Which of the following is TRUE about t

32、he US space station Skylab?A.It came back in a controlled reentry.B.Some people were hurt by its debris.C.Parts of it fell in western Australia.D.It was directed to fall into the ocean.三、还原句子。阅读下面短文,把 A、B、C、D 四个句子填入文中空缺处,使短文内容完整、正确。1._D_ It can even be used to tell if a person is healthy,reported Ho

33、w Stuff Works.Diabetes(糖尿病),for example,can make a persons body smell like bad apples.Yellow fever(黄热病) smells like a butcher shop(肉店) and liver(肝) disease causes the breath to smell fishy.These smells all have to do with diseased cells(病变的细胞).A diseased cell releases different chemicals(化学物质) to a

34、healthy cell.2._C_The smells of disease arent a new discovery.3._B_For example,a woman in Scotland noticed her husbands body odor was changing.It became more and more musky(有麝香味的) as his Parkinsons disease got worse.Scientists at Edinburgh University put her nose to the test,asking her to identify(识

35、别) whether a group of people had Parkinsons disease.She identified 12 people as having the disease11 of them were confirmed(确诊) at the time,and another one developed Parkinsons disease eight months later!If some people can do such an amazing job of identifying disease based on smell,just think what

36、dogs can do.A dogs sense of smell can be as much as 100,000 times more acute(敏锐的) than a humans.4._A_Several studies found that,out of 900 samples(样本),dogs were able to correctly identify prostatic cancer 98 percent of the them.They were even able to tell the differences between prostatic cancer and

37、 other types of cancer.How amazing!A.In fact,dogs are especially good at identifying prostatic cancer(前列腺癌).17B.The real news is about using smell to find out disease.C.As these chemicals change,so do the bodys smells,especially the sweat(汗液),blood,breath and urine(尿液).D.Each person has his or her u

38、nique odor(气味).四、(2018 福建中考改编)综合填空。阅读下面短文,根据单词、首字母、汉语和语境提示,在每个空格内填入一个适当的单词,要求意义准确、拼写正确。Lonnie Johnson always loved taking things apart(分开).He 1._sometimes_(有时) put them back together.Other times he made new things from different 2._parts_(part).He learned how to use tools from his dad.At 13,Lonnie p

39、ut an old engine(发动机) on a homemade gocart.He loved driving it around.He dreamed of being an 3._inventor_(invent).By high school,Lonnie built a remotecontrol robot from some waste things.This 4._won_(win) him first prize at the Alabama State Science Fair.His friends called 5._him_ “The Little Scient

40、ist”.In college,Lonnie was an excellent student.After that,he 6._became_(成为) an Air Force officer,rocket scientist and business leader.7.But_ he never stopped inventing.You may have played with his most famous inventionthe Super Soaker,a kind of water gun.Lonnie got the idea for this toy while worki

41、ng on 8._another_(另一) invention.When he tested a homemade part in his bathroom,it shot water 9._across_(cross) the room.Today,Dr.Lonnie Johnson has more than 100 10._useful_(use) inventions.However,he still keeps trying new things.五、(2018 哈尔滨中考改编)完成句子。阅读下面短文,根据题后要求完成句子。(A)My mother is fiftyfive_year

42、s_old.She retired(退休) just two months ago.After that,she was bored and didnt know what to do every day.(B)She was kind to us before,but recently she had_a_chip_on_her_shoulder. She often quarreled with my brother and me without any reason.Also,relations between my 18parents became difficult.(C)我妈妈遇到

43、麻烦,不知道怎么应对它。My brother thought of a good idea to solve the problem.He bought her a new smart phone and taught her how to use WeChat(微信).My mothers life changed a lot from then on.No matter where she went and whatever she did,she always used it.She took photos with her new smart phone and always shar

44、ed her photos in her friend circle to express how happy she was.As a result,she often did something by mistake.(D)gas,she,forgot,often,_to,_turn,_off,_the. And result,the food she was cooking usually got burnt.My father tried to stop her,but it didnt work.This afternoon,my mother prepared to make du

45、mplings for dinner.(E)She_took_a_lot_of_ _pictures_in_order_to_post_them_into_her_friend_circle. After dinner,we took out our smart phones and waited to see the photos she had taken.To our surprise,we didnt find any pictures of her dumplings.At last,my father couldnt help asking her,“Why dont you sh

46、are your delicious dumplings in your friend circle today”？ My mother looked embarrassed and said,“ My smart phone was boiled in the pot” “Oh,my God! I have to spend more money buying a new one！” cried my brother.1.句子提问。请就(A)句的画线部分提问。_How_ _old_ is your mother?2.汉译英。请根据(C)处中文提示写出英语句子。(每空一词)My mother

47、got into trouble and didnt know how to_deal_ _with_ it.3.连词成句。请将(D)处的单词连成意义完整的句子。_She_often_forgot_to_turn_off_the_gas._4.英译汉。请将(E) 句译成中文。_为了发朋友圈,她拍了很多照片。_5.根据文章,请就(B)处画线部分,选出与其意义相同的选项。(B)The underlined words “had_a_chip_on_her_shoulder” most probably mean _.A.had a pain in her shoulder19B.got angry easilyC.liked eating potato chipsD.got happy easily