TIA-893-1-2005 Selectable Mode Vocoder (SMV) Service Option for Wideband Spread Spectrum Communication Systems - Addendum 1[E] (Addendum 1 to TIA IS-893 Includes TIA-893-1 [SF] Als.pdf

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1、 TIA DOCUMENT Selectable Mode Vocoder (SMV) Service Option for Wideband Spread Spectrum Communication Systems - Addendum 1E TIA-893-1E (Supplement to TIA-893) July 2005 TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION The Telecommunications Industry Association represents the communications sector of NOTICE

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5、or does it assume any obligation whatever to parties adopting the Standard or Publication. This Standard does not purport to address all safety problems associated with its use or all applicable regulatory requirements. It is the responsibility of the user of this Standard to establish appropriate s

6、afety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations before its use. (From Standards Proposal No. 3-4575-AD1E, formulated under the cognizance of the TIA TR-45.5 Subcommittee on Spread Spectrum Digital Technology). Published by TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATI

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18、UENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF BUSINESS, LOSS OF PROFITS, LITIGATION, OR THE LIKE), WHETHER BASED UPON BREACH OF CONTRACT, BREACH OF WARRANTY, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), PRODUCT LIABILITY OR OTHERWISE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. THE FOREGOING NEGATION OF DA

19、MAGES IS A FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENT OF THE USE OF THE CONTENTS HEREOF, AND THESE CONTENTS WOULD NOT BE PUBLISHED BY TIA WITHOUT SUCH LIMITATIONS. TIA-893-1E i FOREWORD 1 These technical requirements form a standard for Service Option 56, a variable-rate 2 two-way speech service option. The maximum speech

20、-coding rate of the service option is 3 8.55 kbps. 4 This standard does not address the quality or reliability of Service Option 56, nor does it 5 cover equipment performance or measurement procedures. 6 TIA-893-1E ii NOTES 1 1. Accompanying “Recommended Minimum Performance Standard for the Selectab

21、le 2 Mode Vocoder, Service Option 56,” provides specifications and measurement methods. 3 2. “Base station” refers to the functions performed on the land-line side, which are 4 typically distributed among a cell, a sector of a cell, a mobile switching center, and a 5 personal communications switchin

22、g center. 6 3. This document uses the following verbal forms: “Shall” and “shall not” identify 7 requirements to be followed strictly to conform to the standard and from which no 8 deviation is permitted. “Should” and “should not” indicate that one of several 9 possibilities is recommended as partic

23、ularly suitable, without mentioning or excluding 10 others; that a certain course of action is preferred but not necessarily required; or that 11 (in the negative form) a certain possibility or course of action is discouraged but not 12 prohibited. “May” and “need not” indicate a course of action pe

24、rmissible within the 13 limits of the standard. “Can” and “cannot” are used for statements of possibility and 14 capability, whether material, physical, or causal. 15 4. Footnotes appear at various points in this specification to elaborate and further clarify 16 items discussed in the body of the sp

25、ecification. 17 5. Unless indicated otherwise, this document presents numbers in decimal form. 18 Binary numbers are distinguished in the text by the use of single quotation marks. In 19 some tables, binary values may appear without single quotation marks if table notation 20 clearly specifies that

26、values are binary. The character x is used to represent a binary 21 bit of unspecified value. For example xxx00010 represents any 8-bit binary value such 22 that the least significant five bits equal 00010. 23 Hexadecimal numbers (base 16) are distinguished in the text by use of the form 0xh h 24 wh

27、ere h h represents a string of hexadecimal digits. For example, 0x2fa1 represents a 25 number whose binary value is 10111110100001 and whose decimal value is 913. 26 TIA-893-1E iii NOTES 1 6. The following conventions apply to mathematical expressions in this standard: 2 x indicates the largest inte

28、ger less than or equal to x: 1.1 = 1, 1.0 = 1. 3 x indicates the smallest integer greater than or equal to x: 1.1 = 2, 2.0 = 2. 4 |x| indicates the absolute value of x: |-17|=17, |17|=17. 5 indicates exclusive OR. 6 min(x, y) indicates the minimum of x and y. 7 max(x, y) indicates the maximum of x a

29、nd y. 8 In figures, indicates multiplication. In formulas within the text, multiplication is 9 implicit. For example, if h(n) and pL(n) are functions, then h(n) pL(n) = h(n) pL(n). 10 x mod y indicates the remainder after dividing x by y: x mod y = x - (y x/y). 11 round(x) is traditional rounding: r

30、ound(x) = x + 0.5. 12 sign x()=1x 01xSMC . 104 7 5.3.15.2.1 Determining Parameters 105 8 5.3.15.2.2 Target Signal Determination for Current Local Delay Search . 106 9 5.3.15.2.3 Searching Range Determination for Local Delay. 107 10 5.3.15.2.4 Local Delay Search. 109 11 5.3.15.2.4.1 Modification of T

31、arget Signal . 109 12 5.3.15.2.4.2 Integer Local Delay Search . 109 13 5.3.15.2.4.3 Fractional Local Delay Determination 110 14 5.3.15.2.4.4 Warping Current Weighted Speech With Determined Delay . 110 15 5.3.15.2.5 Further Modification of Weighted Speech for Half_Rate_Max. 110 16 5.3.15.2.5.1 Genera

32、ting a Backward Waveform Vector . 111 17 5.3.15.2.5.2 Generating a Candidate Vector by Waveform Interpolation. 111 18 5.3.15.2.5.3 Making a Decision to Use Interpolated Modified Weighted 19 Speech 112 20 5.3.15.2.6 Final Determination of Current Local Delay and Accumulated Delay 113 21 5.3.15.2.7 Up

33、dating Modified Weighted Speech Buffer . 113 22 5.3.15.2.8 Pitch Pre-Enhancement and Periodicity Detection. 113 23 5.3.15.3 Detecting Stationary Voiced Speech and Calculating Open-Loop Pitch Gain 24 for each Fixed Subframe . 115 25 5.3.15.3.1 Detecting Stationary Voiced Speech and Calculating Open-L

34、oop Pitch 26 Gains for Rate 1 115 27 5.3.15.3.2 Detecting Stationary Voiced Speech and Calculating Open-Loop Pitch 28 Gains for Rate 1/2 . 116 29 5.3.16 Final Frame Class and Type Decisions, Rate Selection, and Pitch Lag 30 Refinement 118 31 5.3.16.1 Final Classification, Type and Rate Selection . 1

35、18 32 5.3.16.2 Pitch Lags Refinement . 119 33 5.3.17 Adaptive-codebook Gain De-emphasis for Type-1 Frame (Rate 1 and Rate 1/2)34 120 35 5.3.18 Adaptive-codebook Gain Quantization for Type-1 Frame (Rate 1 and Rate 1/2)36 121 37 5.3.19 Generating Modified Speech from Modified Weighted Speech 122 38 5.

36、3.20 LSFs Smoothing Parameter 123 39 5.3.21 LSFs Smoothing. 125 40 5.3.22 LSFs Quantization 126 41 5.3.22.1 Calculation of LSFs Quantization Weights . 126 42 5.3.22.2 LSFs Mean Removal 127 43 5.3.22.3 LSFs Prediction . 127 44 5.3.22.4 Quantization of the LSFs Prediction Error 127 45 5.3.22.4.1 LSFs

37、Quantization for Rate 1 . 129 46 5.3.22.4.2 LSFs Quantization for Rate 1/2 129 47 TIA-893-1E ix 5.3.22.4.3 LSFs Quantization for Rate 1/4 129 1 5.3.22.4.4 LSFs Quantization for Rate 1/8 130 2 5.3.23 Interpolation of Quantized and Unquantized LSFs 131 3 5.3.23.1 Interpolation of Quantized LSFs for Ra

38、te 1 Type-0 Frames. 131 4 5.3.23.1.1 Calculating of Distance Weights 131 5 5.3.23.1.2 Determination of Best Interpolation Path . 131 6 5.3.23.2 Interpolation of Quantized LSFs for Rate 1 Type-1 frames, Rate 1/4 frames, 7 and Rate 1/8 Frames 132 8 5.3.23.3 Interpolation of Quantized and Unquantized L

39、SFs for Rate 1/2 Type-0 9 Frames 132 10 5.3.23.4 Interpolation of Quantized and Unquantized LSFs for Rate 1/2 Type-1 11 Frames 132 12 5.3.24 Recalculating of Weighting Filter Coefficients for Rate 1/2 . 134 13 5.3.25 Identifying Long-Term Spectral Characteristic . 135 14 5.4 Excitation Coding at Rat

40、e 1/8 137 15 5.4.1 Excitation and Unquantized Gain Determination 137 16 5.4.2 Gain quantization . 137 17 5.5 Excitation Coding at Rate 1/4 139 18 5.5.1 Computation and Quantization of Gains 139 19 5.5.2 Random number generation . 140 20 5.5.3 Creation of sparse non-zero excitation . 141 21 5.5.4 Sha

41、ping the excitation 141 22 5.6 Excitation Coding at Rate 1 and Rate 1/2 143 23 5.6.1 Introduction to Excitation Coding for Rate 1 and Rate 1/2 143 24 5.6.2 Calculation of Impulse Response of the Combined Synthesis and Weighting 25 Filter 146 26 5.6.3 Generating the Target Signal 147 27 5.6.4 Generat

42、ing the Ideal Excitation 148 28 5.6.5 Adaptive-codebook Contribution for Type-1 Frames 149 29 5.6.5.1 The Adaptive-codebook Vector Contribution 149 30 5.6.5.2 The Filtered Adaptive Vector Contribution and Normalized Pitch Correlation31 150 32 5.6.6 Adaptive-codebook Contribution For Rate 1 Type-0 Fr

43、ames 151 33 5.6.6.1 Normalized Cross Correlation Between the Target and the Filtered Excitation34 152 35 5.6.6.2 Fractional Pitch Search and Quantization 152 36 5.6.6.3 Adaptive-codebook Gain (Closed-Loop Pitch Gain) and Normalized 37 Correlation 152 38 5.6.7 Adaptive-codebook Contribution For Rate

44、1/2 Type-0 Frames. 154 39 5.6.7.1 Normalized Cross Correlation Between the Target and the Filtered Excitation40 154 41 5.6.7.2 Integer Pitch Search and Quantization. 155 42 5.6.7.3 Adaptive-codebook Gain (Closed-Loop Pitch Gain) and Normalized 43 Correlation 155 44 5.6.8 Scaling of Adaptive-Codebook

45、 Gain . 156 45 5.6.9 Update of Target and Ideal Excitation . 156 46 5.6.10 Calculation of Fixed-codebook Smoothing Parameters. 157 47 5.6.11 Principles and Algorithms for Pulse Codebook Search . 159 48 5.6.11.1 Analysis-by-Synthesis Approach for Fixed-Codebook Contribution 159 49 5.6.11.2 Principles

46、 of Iterative Search Procedure for Pulse Sub-Codebooks . 159 50 TIA-893-1E x 5.6.11.3 Updates of Pulse Contributions . 160 1 5.6.11.4 Concept of Pitch Enhancement for Pulse Codebooks 160 2 5.6.11.5 Pre-Calculation Procedure . 161 3 5.6.11.6 An Iterative Algorithm Based on Position Search for a Singl

47、e Pulse 162 4 5.6.11.6.1 Initialization of the Search Parameters . 162 5 5.6.11.6.2 The Search Procedure . 163 6 5.6.11.6.3 Building the Pulse Excitation 163 7 5.6.11.7 An Iterative Algorithm Based on Joint Position Search for Two Pulses . 164 8 5.6.11.7.1 Initialization of the Search Parameters . 1

48、64 9 5.6.11.7.2 Pre-Search for 2-Pulse Sub-Codebook . 164 10 5.6.11.7.3 Pre-Search for 3-Pulse Sub-Codebook . 164 11 5.6.11.7.4 The Search Procedure . 165 12 5.6.11.7.5 Building the Pulse Excitation 165 13 5.6.11.8 Joint Position Search for Five Pulses . 166 14 5.6.12 Gaussian Codebook Search 167 15

49、 5.6.13 Fixed-codebook Contribution for Rate 1 168 16 5.6.13.1 Fixed-codebook Structure for Rate 1 168 17 5.6.13.2 Fixed-codebook Search for Rate 1 169 18 5.6.13.2.1 Pitch Enhancement Gain and Pre-Calculation of Search Parameters. 170 19 5.6.13.2.2 Fixed-codebook Search for Type-0 Frames 170 20 5.6.13.2.3 Fixed-codebook Search for Type-1 Frames 171 21 5.6.14 Fixed-codebook Contribution for Rate 1/2 172 22 5.6.14.1 Fixed-codebook Structure for Rate 1/2 172 23 5.6.14.2 Fixed-codebook Search for Rate 1/2 173 24 5.6.14.2.1