SANS 12482-1-2008 Cranes - Condition monitoring Part 1 General《起重机 状态监测 第1部分 一般》.pdf

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1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA

2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any

3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-21029-8 SANS 12482-1:2008 Edition 1 ISO 12482-1:1995 Edition 1SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Cranes Condition monitoring Part 1: General

4、This national standard is the identical implementation of ISO 12482-1:1995 and is adopted with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization. Published by Standards South Africa 1 dr lategan road groenkloof private bag x191 pretoria 0001 tel: 012 428 7911 fax: 012 344 1568 int

5、ernational code +27 12 www.stansa.co.za Standards South Africa This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.SANS 12482-1:2008 Edition 1 ISO 12482-1:1995 Edition 1 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope National foreword This South African st

6、andard was approved by National Committee StanSA TC 5120.59, Cranes, in accordance with procedures of Standards South Africa, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This SANS document was published in April 2008. This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and f

7、reemailing clients of the SABS.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS0 12482-I First edition 1995-11-15 Cranes - Condition monitoring - Part 1: General Apparels de levage 2 charge suspendue - Surveillance - Par-tie 1: GBn - define actions to be taken when the crane has been used over a period of time and has ap-

8、 proached these constraints, to ensure a new safe working period. A description is given of the special assessment re- quired to monitor the condition of a crane. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this pa

9、rt of IS0 12482. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this part of IS0 12482 are encouraged to investi- gate the possibility of applying the most recent edi- tions of the standards indicated below. Me

10、mbers of IEC and IS0 maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. IS0 4301-I :I 986, Cranes and lifting appliances - Classification - Part 7: General. IS0 4306-I :I 990, Cranes - Vocabulary - Part 7: General. IS0 4306-2:1994, Cranes - Vocabulary - Part 2: Mobile cranes. IS0 4306-3:

11、1991, Cranes - Vocabulary - Part 3. . Tower cranes. IS0 9927-l :I 994, Cranes - Inspections - Part 7 * . General. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this part of IS0 12482, the defi- nitions of crane types given in IS0 4306-1, IS0 4306-2 and IS0 4306-3, together with the fol- lowing definitions, appl

12、y. 3.1 constraint: Boundary parameter used for as- sessment and identified in accordance with IS0 4301 for the usage intended. 3.2 special assessment (SA): Thorough examin- ation and evaluation of the crane, to be made when the crane approaches the design constraints. 3.3 general overhaul (GO): All

13、actions required af- ter a special assessment, according to the assess- ment report recommendations, before further use of the crane. 3.4 safe working period (SWP): Period of time be- tween two successive general overhauls. 3.5 serial hoist: Hoist, in accordance with IS0 4306-I :I 990, subclause 4.7

14、, which is designed and produced independently of a specific crane or application. 4 Special Assessment Cranes are inspected at intervals in accordance with IS0 9927-l. However when the crane approaches the 1 SANS 12482-1:2008This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and fr

15、eemailing clients of the SABS.IS0 12482=1:1995(E) 0 IS0 design constraints, a special assessment made to monitor the condition of the crane. shall be The supplier of the crane shall ensure that criteria for when and how such an assessment shall be carried out (e.g. number of crane cycles, load spect

16、rum, etc.) are provided to the user/owner. The special assessment shall cover all parts of the crane in which deterioration may affect safe use, and should include the following main groups of parts: - load-carrying structures; b) the special assessment is carried out at the ap- propriate time; c) a

17、ny general overhaul requirements given in the special assessment report are carried out before further use of the crane. 6.2 If criteria are not available Where the user/owner does not have assessment criteria for a crane, the following shall be used to in- dicate when a special assessment shall be

18、carried out: - mechanical systems; a) any increase in the frequency of reported defects; - hydraulic systems; - pneumatic systems; - electrical systems; - safety systems. The user/owner shall ensure that adequate records are maintained (see clause 8) to enable determination of the approach to the de

19、sign constraints. During the regular inspections (see IS0 9927-l) these records shall be inspected to ensure that the special assess- ment is carried out at the appropriate time. NOTE 1 It should be recognized that different parts of the crane may approach the design constraints at different times (

20、e.g. the hoist mechanism before the travel motion system). 5 Responsibility for special assessment The special assessment procedure, based upon the information provided by the supplier (see clause 7), shall be carried out under the supervision of the ex- pert engineer (see IS0 9927-l). The expert en

21、gineer may seek the assistance of specialists in particular types of examination whenever necessary. The results of the special assessment, together with any conclusions, requirements or recommendations, shall be contained in a report (see clause 9) to be given to the user/owner of the crane. 6 Resp

22、onsibility of the user/owner b) when the regular inspection (see IS0 9927-l) reveals a significant deterioration in the condition of the crane. In no circumstances shall the special assessment be carried out later than the following number of years after manufacture for: - tower cranes, loader crane

23、s, mobile cranes: IO years; - all other cranes: 20 years. 7 Criteria for special assessment The supplier shall ensure that, when providing criteria for special assessment of the crane, the following are included: a) number of load cycles hours, as appropriate; or number of operating b) distance trav

24、elled; c) load spectrum; d) exceptional circumstances to which the crane has been subjected (e.g. environmental, climatic or accident); e) list of parts and areas to be critically assessed; f 1 methods of assessment (measurement, nonde- structive testing, acoustic emission, etc.); 6.1 Duties of the

25、user/owner g) acceptance criteria. The user/owner shall ensure that: a) records are kept of the crane use, inspections and maintenance; The criteria shall take into account crane usage. Sup- pliers therefore should not give criteria based purely on time elapsed. SANS 12482-1:2008This standard may on

26、ly be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.0 IS0 IS0 12482=1:1995(E) Provisions straints for for determini ng and assessin g design serial hoists are given in ann ex A. con- 8 User/owner records 8.1 Contents of records The crane user/owner shall keep records

27、of the crane usage adequate to identify the criteria given by the crane supplier. Records shall also be kept of main- tenance, inspections and unusual occurrences (e.g. unexpected loads from operational error, extreme cli- matic conditions, etc.), breakdowns, repairs and modi- fications. 8.2 If reco

28、rds are not available Where complete records are not available for the his- tory of the crane, it shall be inspected in accordance with annex A of IS0 9927-l :I 994 and any require- ments as a result of that inspection shall be carried out before further use of the crane. A special assessment shall

29、be carried out within 12 months of the date of that inspection, or of an earlier date if specified by the person carrying out the in- spection. 9 Special assessment report A report, containing the following, shall be prepared by the expert engineer carrying out the special as- sessment of the crane:

30、 a) names and qualification of all persons participating in the assessment; b) identification of the criteria used for the assess- ment; c) results of the special assessment; d) requirements for any action ( fore further use of the crane e) recommendations for actior within a given time period; GO)

31、to be taken be- s to be carried out f) criteria for next assessment. NOTE 2 Items d) and e) should comply with the manu- facturers recommendations. SANS 12482-1:2008This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.IS0 12482=1:1995(E) Annex A (no

32、rmative) Provisions for assessing serial hoists Many elements in a serial hoist are not accessible at the prescribed inspections. Therefore this annex makes provisions for the assessment of serial hoists. A. 1 Classification for design constraints In order to match serial hoists as far as possible t

33、o the actual working conditions, they are classified into groups of mechanisms as a whole, in accordance with IS0 4301-I. Assuming given load cycles (with given relationships of distance of travel, positioning, hoisting grounded load, etc.) according to IS0 4301-I and load spectrum, the classificati

34、on results in the design constraints, D, given in tableA.l. The design constraints are expressed as hours that the serial hoist is in motion. Figure A.1 illustrates the operation of a serial hoist in accordance with this part of IS0 12482. A.2 Design constraints Anyone offering a serial hoist for us

35、e (manufacturer, supplier, importer, etc.) shall document the design constraints D, in hours, in the operating instructions and also the working conditions on which these are based. The working conditions can be stated by specifying the group classification of the mechanism (IS0 4301-I) o r b y spec

36、ifying the load spectrum fac- tor, &, of the load spectrum. The calculations given in A.4.2 and A.4.3 are based on a comparison of the actual service lifetime and the design constraints D for state of loading 4, “very heavy” (Km = 1) according to table A.1 . A.3 Recording working conditions The work

37、ing conditions shall be recorded in one (or more) of three ways (see A.3.1 to A.3.3). The user/owner is responsible for the correctness of re- cording and documentation in the log-book. Docu- mentation shall be carried out at least once a year during the regular inspections (see IS0 9927-l). Table A

38、.1 - Design constraints for serial hoists Design constraint, D State of Load spectrum h loading factor, K, Group classification of mechanism as a whole (IS0 4301-I) Ml M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 l- Light 0,125 800 I 600 3 200 6 300 12 500 25 000 50 000 100 000 2- Moderate 0,125 Km 0,25 400 800 I 600 3 200 6 300 12 500 25 000 50 000 3- Heavy 0,25 Km 0,5 200 400 800 1 600 3 200 6 300 12 500 25 000 4- Very heavy 0,5 AK, 1 100 200 400 800 1 600 3 200 6 300 12 500 SANS 12482-1:2008This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.