SAE J 2611-2010 Off-Road Tire Replacement Guidelines《越野轮胎更换准则》.pdf

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1、_SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising theref

2、rom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2010 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication ma

3、y be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (outside US

4、A) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/J2611_201012SURFACEVEHICLEINFORMATIONREPORTJ2611 DEC2010 Issued 2010-12Off-Road Tire Replacemen

5、t Guidelines RATIONALEKnowledge, planning, and training of the tire user are critical to ensure the proper use of off-road tires. This SAE information report provides guidelines to address tire damage. The guidelines will assist tire users in planning for tire replacement, removal, or repair to prev

6、ent unplanned down time and/or safety hazards to personnel from tire failure. Consequently, the guidelines will also help the tire user achieve maximum tire life.FOREWORDThis informational report defines typical tire damage, establishes guidelines for identifying personnel responsible for evaluating

7、 the damage, and assists tire users in considering the damage along with site specific conditions to determine the need for replacement, removal, or repair of off-road tires. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SCOPE 21.1 Purpose . 22. REFERENCES 22.1 Applicable Publications . 22.1.1 SAE Publications . 32.2 Relate

8、d Publications . 32.2.1 TRA Publication 32.2.2 ETRTO Publication . 32.2.3 RMA Publication 32.2.4 MSHA Publication . 33. DEFINITIONS . 33.1 Bulge . 33.2 Blister 43.3 Chipping 43.4 Chunking . 43.5 Cracks . 43.6 Cut . 43.7 Exposed Cord . 43.8 Puncture 43.9 Separation . 44. TIRE REMOVAL, REPLACEMENT AND

9、 REPAIR RESPONSIBILITY 4Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J2611 Issued DEC2010 Page 2 of 125. TIRE REMOVAL, REPLACEMENT AND REPAIR LIMITS AND GUIDELINES . 55.1 Tire Construction . 5

10、5.1.1 Tread Compounding . 55.1.2 Radial versus Bias Ply Construction . 55.1.3 Steel Breaker/Belt versus Nylon Breaker/Belt 55.1.4 Strength Rating (Ply Rating, Star Rating, Load Index, Speed Symbol) 55.1.5 Tire Type (Loader, Scraper, Hauler, Grader, etc.) 55.1.6 Tire Tread Type Code Classifications,

11、e.g. G2, E4, L5, etc. (TRA, ETRTO Codes) 55.1.7 Tire Size 55.2 Tire Operating Parameters . 55.2.1 Machine Type 55.2.2 Wheel Position 55.2.3 Tire Speed/Cycle Times 55.2.4 Tire Load . 55.2.5 Underfoot Conditions 55.2.6 Grades and Curves . 65.2.7 Operating Environment . 65.3 Tire Condition 65.3.1 Separ

12、ations / Bulges . 65.3.2 Cracks / Splits . 65.3.3 Cuts / Snags 65.3.4 Exposed Cords 65.4 Site Tire Performance History . 66. NOTES 66.1 Marginal Indicia . 6APPENDIX A 7APPENDIX B 8APPENDIX C 9APPENDIX D 10APPENDIX E 11APPENDIX F 121. SCOPE This SAE information report covers the basic guidelines conc

13、erning off-road tire conditions that warrant replacement, removal, or repair. This material can assist the tire user in establishing specific written procedures for each job site. 1.1 Purpose The purpose of this SAE document is to provide guidelines for construction, mining, and industrial operation

14、s in the development of site specific plans to identify conditions that warrant replacement, removal, or repair of off-road tires. These guidelines will also assist tire users in extending the useable life of tires. 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Publications The following publications form a part of

15、this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J2611 Issued DEC20

16、10 Page 3 of 122.1.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org.SAE J751 Off-Road Tire and Rim ClassificationConstruction Machines SAE J1098 Ton Kilometer P

17、er Hour Application SAE J1116 Categories of Off-Road Self-Propelled Work Machines SAE J1315 Off-Road Tire and Rim Selection and Application SAE J1337 Off-Road Rim Maintenance Procedures and Service Precautions 2.2 Related Publications The following publications are provided for information purposes

18、and are not a required part of this document. 2.2.1 TRA Publication Available from Tire and Rim Association, 175 Montrose West Avenue, Suite 150, Copley, OH 44313, Tel: 330-666-8121, www.us-tra.org.Yearbook2.2.2 ETRTO Publication Available from European Tyre and Rim Technical Organisation, Av. Brugm

19、ann, 32 - 1060 Brussels, Belgium, Tel: +32-2-344-40-59, infoetrto.org.Standards Manual 2.2.3 RMA Publication Available from Rubber Manufacturers Association, 1400 K Street, NW, Suite 900, Washington, DC 20005, Tel: 202-682-4800, www.rma.org.Care and Service of Off-The-Highway Tires 2.2.4 MSHA Public

20、ation Available from Mine Safety and Health Administration, 1100 Wilson Boulevard, 21st Floor, Arlington, VA 22209-3939, Tel: (202) 693-9400, www.msha.gov.MSHA IG 60 Tire and Rim Safety Awareness Program, Instruction Guide Series 3. DEFINITIONS 3.1 Bulge An area of separation between or within tire

21、components that is visible as a localized raised area on the sidewall or tread of the tire due to air that is trapped between tire components. This is not the expected outward deflection in the sidewall when the tire is under load, nor does it include the sidewall undulations (bulge-like appearances

22、) adjacent to an indentation from a sidewall splice or molding undulations due to large abrupt changes in tread gauge between the lug and void.Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J261

23、1 Issued DEC2010 Page 4 of 123.2 Blister A localized bubble on the surface of a tire. 3.3 Chipping Flaking or tearing away small bits of tread rubber. 3.4 Chunking Tearing or breaking away pieces of tread rubber. 3.5 Cracks Splits or narrow breaks in rubber compounds which may or may not be initiate

24、d by a foreign object. Also known as a split. 3.6 Cut Damage made by sharp or jagged objects (e.g. rocks, rock fragments). Also known as a snag. 3.7 Exposed Cord Belt/breaker, ply (usually nylon or steel) or other reinforcement and steel chafer/bead area reinforcement that can be seen. Excludes fabr

25、ic (usually nylon) chafer. 3.8 Puncture Any penetration of a tires air chamber by a foreign object resulting in loss of air.3.9 Separation The parting or delamination of any adjacent parts of the tire (ply to ply, ply to rubber, etc.). NOTE: See Appendices A and B diagrams for tire construction comp

26、onents. 4. TIRE REMOVAL, REPLACEMENT AND REPAIR RESPONSIBILITY Due to the uniqueness of off-road operations, a written procedure (see Appendices C through F), specifically developed and implemented for each job site, should include: 4.1 Individuals (or Job Title) responsible for establishment of pro

27、cedures. These will typically include the Safety Department, Tire Shop Foreman, Maintenance Superintendent, appropriate job site management, and tire manufacturer as required. 4.2 Management should identify the individual(s) or job title responsible for deciding when a tire should be removed, repair

28、ed or replaced. 4.3 Tire Inspection Frequency Visual and detailed tire inspection procedures should be established listing the responsible individuals (or job title), frequency of inspections, and reporting process. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo r

29、eproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J2611 Issued DEC2010 Page 5 of 124.4 The inspection process should be based on tire application, machine type, the tires structural components, location of damage, the severity of damage, and history of tire performance for each ti

30、re size used on a job site. If in doubt about a specific tires structural components or damage condition, consult the tire manufacturer. NOTE: Intentionally running any off-road tire to destruction increases the likelihood of a catastrophic tire failure. Intentionally running to destruction is an op

31、erating practice where known and/or new damage is not addressed and the tire is run until it loses air. 5. TIRE REMOVAL, REPLACEMENT AND REPAIR LIMITS AND GUIDELINES The following tire construction, operating parameters, history of tire performance, and tire conditions should be taken into considera

32、tion when developing tire removal, replacement, and repair limits and guidelines. 5.1 Tire Construction 5.1.1 Tread Compounding 5.1.2 Radial versus Bias Ply Construction 5.1.3 Steel Breaker/Belt versus Nylon Breaker/Belt 5.1.4 Strength Rating (Ply Rating, Star Rating, Load Index, Speed Symbol) 5.1.5

33、 Tire Type (Loader, Scraper, Hauler, Grader, etc.) 5.1.6 Tire Tread Type Code Classifications, e.g. G2, E4, L5, etc. (TRA, ETRTO Codes) 5.1.7 Tire Size And should address: 5.2 Tire Operating Parameters 5.2.1 Machine Type 5.2.2 Wheel Position NOTE: Wheel position (e.g. inner dual position) may not ad

34、equately protect personnel from injury if a tire with a known exposed structural component fails. 5.2.3 Tire Speed/Cycle Times Actual operating speed and distance versus rated ton mile per hour/ton kilometer per hour (TMPH/TKPH). 5.2.4 Tire Load Actual tire load versus rated tire load. 5.2.5 Underfo

35、ot Conditions 5.2.5.1 Wet 5.2.5.2 Rocky 5.2.5.3 Sandy/Loamy Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J2611 Issued DEC2010 Page 6 of 125.2.5.4 Muddy 5.2.5.5 Snow or Ice 5.2.5.6 Uneven Surfa

36、ces 5.2.6 Grades and Curves 5.2.6.1 Super-elevation (Proper Road Design) 5.2.6.2 Speed in Curves 5.2.6.3 Traction and Braking 5.2.6.4 % Grade and Load Transfer 5.2.6.5 Road Crown 5.2.7 Operating Environment Proximity to personnel and site location. 5.3 Tire Condition 5.3.1 Separations / Bulges 5.3.2

37、 Cracks / Splits 5.3.3 Cuts / Snags 5.3.4 Exposed Cords NOTE: If a structural component of a tire becomes exposed, the likelihood that the tire will fail increases. 5.4 Site Tire Performance History 6. NOTES 6.1 Marginal Indicia A change bar (I) located in the left margin is for the convenience of t

38、he user in locating areas where technical revisions, not editorial changes, have been made to the previous issue of this document. An (R) symbol to the left of the document title indicates a complete revision of the document, including technical revisions. Change bars and (R) are not used in origina

39、l publications, nor in documents that contain editorial changes only. PREPARED BY THE SAE TIRE & RIMS, SUBCOMMITTEE 8 OF THE SAE MACHINE TECHNICAL COMMITTEE Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IH

40、S-,-,-SAE J2611 Issued DEC2010 Page 7 of 12APPENDIX A BIAS PLY TIRETreadShoulderSidewallBreakersPliesLinerTurn UpChaferBead BundlesAir ChamberCopyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J2611

41、 Issued DEC2010 Page 8 of 12APPENDIX B RADIAL TIRETreadShoulderSidewallAir ChamberBead BundleChaferTurn UpPlyBeltsCopyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J2611 Issued DEC2010 Page 9 of 12

42、APPENDIX C TIRE REMOVAL AND REPAIR DOCUMENT (Example Only) _ JOB SITE For limits and guidelines in establishing a job site plan consult SAE J2611. DOCUMENT IMPLEMENTATION DATEDOCUMENT REVIEW DATE1. INDIVIDUALS RESPONSIBLE FOR PLAN DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION Job Site SuperintendentSafety ForemanE

43、quipment SuperintendentTire ForemanOther2. TIRE INSPECTION FREQUENCY 2.1 Visual Inspection Who? (Example: Operator) When? (Example: Daily/Shift) Reports to? (Example: Tire or Safety Foreman) 2.2 Detailed Inspection Who?When?Reports to?3. TIRE INSPECTION PARAMETERS 3.1 Machine:_, Tire Size and Brand:

44、_, Model:_, S/N:_ IF ANY OF THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS EXIST OR ARE NOTED BY ANY JOB SITE PERSONNEL, THE DESIGNATED RESPONSIBLE INDIVIDUAL SHOULD MAKE THE DECISION TO REMOVE OR REPAIR THE TIRE AND THE DISPOSITION SHOULD BE RECORDED IN THE APPROPRIATE LOG. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS un

45、der license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J2611 Issued DEC2010 Page 10 of 12APPENDIX D TIRE INSPECTION PARAMETERS (Example Only) 3.2 Transport (Rigid Dumper, Articulated Dump Truck, Scraper, etc.) CONDITION TIRESIZETIRETYPELOC.1MAXIMUM

46、LIMITSACTIONREQUIREDSEPARATION / 23.5 25 20 PR E3 Remove for BULGE inspection / Disposition CUTS / SNAGS 18.00 R 33 * E4 _L x _W x _D If limits exceededremove for inspection and disposition CRACKS / 21.00 - 35 36 PR E3 _L x _W x _D If limits exceededSPLITS remove for inspection and disposition REMIN

47、ING 40.00 R 57 * E4 _ 32nds(or mm) If limits exceededTREAD DEPTH Remaining remove for (Average inspection and Remaining) disposition EXPOSED 37.00 R 57 * E4 Define limits for If limits exceededCORD individual tire remove for inspection and disposition 1Location: T - Tread Area. S - Sidewall, L - low

48、er side wall, A All Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J2611 Issued DEC2010 Page 11 of 12APPENDIX E TIRE INSPECTION PARAMETERS (Example Only) 3.3 WORK MACHINES (Wheel Loader, Grader, etc.) CONDITION TIRESIZETIRETYPELOC.1MAXIMUMLIMITSACTIONREQUIREDSEPARATION /