SAE J 2578-2014 Recommended Practice for General Fuel Cell Vehicle Safety《通用燃料电池车辆安全性用推荐实施规程》.pdf
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1、SURFACE VEHICLERECOMMENDED PRACTICEJ2578 AUG2014Issued 2002-12Revised 2014-08Superseding J2578 JAN2009Recommended Practice for General Fuel Cell Vehicle SafetyRATIONALEThis revision to SAE J2578 represents an evolution to requirements for the integration of hydrogen and electrical systems for hydrog
2、en and fuel cell vehicles (FCVs). Rationale for specific changes are summarized below:x Sections 4.2.4.1 and 5.2 and Appendices C and D were updated to clarify and streamline verification test requirements for hydrogen discharges from the vehicle. See Appendices C and D for detailed discussion of is
3、sues and recommended verification procedures.x Sections 4.2.4.2 and 4.2.5 and Appendix E were changed to clarify guidance with regard to locating hydrogen storage systems within passenger, luggage, and cargo compartments to ensure that discharges from vents and Pressure Relief Devices (PRDs) are pro
4、perly managed and directed. x Section 4.2.6 was modified and the new Appendix F was added to ensure that either the vehicle cannot be moved while the fueling nozzle is connected or the fueling receptacle is properly installed, protected, and secured. x Sections 4.2.6, 4.7, and 5.1 were updated to cl
5、arify fuel system labeling requirements and harmonize with vehicle badging requirements in SAE J2990 for emergency responders.x Sections 4.2.7, 4.4.3, 4.4.3.1, 6, and 7.2 were re-worded to clarify previously-defined issues and guidance. x Section 4.4.3 and subordinate subsections were revised to acc
6、ount for Y-capacitors in high voltage circuits and their effect on body current if the high DC and AC voltage circuits are touched. x Section 5.2.2 and Appendix C was changed to extend allowable discharge scaling to smaller (micro) vehicles and not just larger vehicles such as buses. Clarifications
7、to the analytical bases of requirements were also made.x Appendix A was modified to correct post-crash formulas, improve the explanations, and provide an alternative approach for calculating the mass leakage rate.x Appendix E was also modified to clarify guidance with regard to using Pressure Relief
8、 Devices (PRDs) in series._SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent i
9、nfringement arising therefrom, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.Copyright 2014 SAE InternationalAll rights reser
10、ved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE.TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada
11、)Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA)Fax: 724-776-0790Email: CustomerServicesae.orgSAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSAE values your input. To provide feedbackon this Technical Report, please visithttp:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/J2578_201408SAE INTERNATIONAL J2578 Revised AUG2014 Page 2 of 71FOR
12、EWORDVehicles manufactured with liquid hydrocarbon as fuels have a long history of creating appropriate safety countermeasures. With the onset of new hydrogen fuel cell systems, new mechanical and electrical system safety design parameters will need to be provided to vehicle developers. This SAE rep
13、ort establishes safety criteria and methodologies for fuel cell vehicle and subsystem developers.The purpose of this document is to identify the unique requirements and criteria for the integration of hydrogen fuel systems(as defined in SAE J2579) and fuel cell systems into vehicles.TABLE OF CONTENT
14、S1. SCOPE 4 1.1 Purpose. 4 1.2 Field of Application 4 2. REFERENCES 4 2.1 Applicable Documents 4 2.2 Related Publications . 7 3. DEFINITIONS . 11 4. TECHNICAL SYSTEMS SAFETY GUIDELINES . 16 4.1 General Vehicle Safety . 16 4.2 Fuel System Safety. 18 4.3 Fuel Cell System Safety 22 4.4 Electrical Syste
15、m Safety . 23 4.5 Mechanical Safety. 28 4.6 Fail-Safe Procedures 29 4.7 Safety Labels and Badging . 30 5. OPERATION . 32 5.1 Owners Guide or Manual . 32 5.2 Normal Vehicle Discharges. 32 5.3 Inadvertent or Inappropriate Operation of the Vehicle 34 5.4 Byproducts 34 6. EMERGENCY RESPONSE 34 7. MAINTE
16、NANCE 35 7.1 Service Manual . 35 7.2 Defueling Procedures 35 7.3 Facility Safety 35 8. NOTES 35 8.1 Marginal Indicia. 35 SAE INTERNATIONAL J2578 Revised AUG2014 Page 3 of 71APPENDIX A POST-CRASH CRITERIA FOR COMPRESSED HYDROGEN SYSTEMS . 36 APPENDIX B GUIDANCE FOR CONDUCTING HIGH VOLTAGE TESTS 50 AP
17、PENDIX C GUIDANCE FOR CONDUCTING DISCHARGE EVALUATIONS INTO SPACES SURROUNDING VEHICLES 54APPENDIX D GUIDANCE FOR CONDUCTING LOCAL EXHAUST FLAMMABILITY AND TOXICITY EVALUATIONS OF VEHICLE DISCHARGES 61APPENDIX E GUIDANCE FOR THE PACKAGING OF HYDROGEN SYSTEMS INCLUDING PRDS, SHIELDS, AND FLOW BARRIER
18、S 68APPENDIX F TEST METHOD FOR DRIVE-AWAY PROTECTION .71 FIGURE 1 POTENTIAL FLAMMABILITY OF HYDROGEN DISCHARGES IN AIR 14 FIGURE 2 HIGH VOLTAGE SYMBOL . 27 FIGURE 3 EXAMPLES OF BLUE DIAMOND HYDROGEN VEHICLE BADGING 32 FIGURE A1 PRESSURE LOSS WITH 606 G HYDROGEN LEAKAGE. 37 FIGURE A2 PRESSURE LOSS WI
19、TH 606 G HYDROGEN LEAKAGE. 38 FIGURE A3 TIME PERIODS FOR 5% PRESSURE LOSS 39 FIGURE A4 TEST PROCEDURE. 40 FIGURE A5 HYDROGEN PRESSURE DENSITY CORRELATION. 41 FIGURE A6 LEAKAGE MASS CHARACTERISTICS OVER TIME 42 FIGURE A7 HYDROGEN LEAKAGE FOR VARIOUS INITIAL TEST PRESSURE . 42 FIGURE A8 LEAKAGE MASS I
20、N 60-MINUTE AT DIFFERENT GAS TEMPERATURE . 43 FIGURE A9 HELIUM LEAKAGE OVER 60 MINUTES . 44 FIGURE A10 HELIUM PRESSURE LOSS OVER 60 MINUTES . 44 FIGURE A11 HELIUM PRESSURE LOSS OVER 60 MINUTES . 44 FIGURE A12 TIME PERIODS FOR 5% PRESSURE LOSS 45 FIGURE A13 PRESSURE CHARACTERISTICS AND TIME PERIODS F
21、OR 5% PRESSURE LOSS . 46 FIGURE A14 TIME PERIODS FOR 5% PRESSURE LOSS 47 FIGURE A15 TIME PERIODS FOR 5% PRESSURE LOSS WITH A SAME PRESSURE SENSOR RANGE RATIO. 47 FIGURE B1 ILLUSTRATION OF ELECTRIC SHOCK DUE TO CONTACT WITH A HIGH VOLTAGE SYSTEM HAVING A LOW ISOLATION RESISTANCE . 50 FIGURE B2 TYPICA
22、L APPROACH FOR CONDUCTING THE HIGH VOLTAGE ISOLATION TEST FOR THE VEHICLE IN NORMAL OPERATION . 50 FIGURE C1 CALCULATED STEADY-STATE HYDROGEN CONCENTRATIONS VS HYDROGEN EMISSION RATE FOR VARIOUS AIR EXCHANGE RATES WITH STANDARD ENCLOSURE . 56 FIGURE C2 ALLOWABLE LEAKAGE AND PERMEATION FROM THE HYDRO
23、GEN STORAGE SYSTEM FOR STANDARD VEHICLES AND FOR LARGER VEHICLES FOR 0.03 ACH 57 FIGURE D1 TEST SETUP FOR DETERMINATION OF SUSTAINABLE IGNITION THRESHOLD 63 FIGURE D2 TEST SETUP FOR DETERMINING EFFECTS OF START-UP EMISSIONS (INJECTED VOLUME METHOD SHOWN). 66 FIGURE D3 TEST SETUP FOR DETERMINING EFFE
24、CTS OF SHUTDOWN EMISSIONS (INJECTED VOLUME METHOD SHOWN). 66 TABLE 1 SUMMARY OF ISOLATION REQUIREMENTS FOR IN-USE OF VARIOUS TYPES OFHIGH VOLTAGE SYSTEMS. 24 SAE INTERNATIONAL J2578 Revised AUG2014 Page 4 of 711. SCOPEThis SAE Recommended Practice identifies and defines requirements relating to the
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