SAE AMS 2380G-2017 Approval and Control of Premium-Quality Titanium Alloys.pdf

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1、 _ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising ther

2、efrom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2017 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this

3、publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-49

4、70 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/standards.sae.org/AMS2380G AEROSPACE MATERIAL SPECIFICATION AMS2380 REV. G Issued 1972-11 Reaffirmed 2013-04 Rev

5、ised 2017-06 Superseding AMS2380F Approval and Control of Premium-Quality Titanium Alloys RATIONALE AMS2380G results from a Five-Year Review and update of this specification draft that adds references to Section 2 and adds ASTM E2994 (3.1.1.1). 1. SCOPE 1.1 Purpose This specification covers the proc

6、edures for approval of products of premium-quality titanium alloys and the controls to be exercised in producing such products. 1.1.1 This specification requires approved sources (see 3.1 and 4.4). 1.2 Application This specification has been used typically for parts fabricated from titanium alloys t

7、hat require approval of the product and facets of its production to ensure that production lots are of the same metallurgical quality, are produced by the same basic procedures as the products originally qualified, and for parts subjected to rigid inspection standards throughout manufacture from ing

8、ot to finished part, but usage is not limited to such applications. 1.3 Classification This specification covers four grades of premium-quality titanium alloy products based on the melting practice used in making the alloy, as follows: Grade 1 - Double Consumable Electrode Vacuum Arc Melted Grade 2

9、- Triple Consumable Electrode Vacuum Arc Melted Grade 3 - Electron Beam Cold Hearth Refined (EBCHR) Followed by a Single Consumable Electrode Vacuum Arc Melt Grade 4 - Plasma Arc Melted Cold Hearth Refined (PAMCHR) Followed by a Single Consumable Electrode Vacuum Arc Melt 1.3.1 Any grade may be supp

10、lied unless a specific grade is specified. The grade supplied shall be reported. SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS2380G Page 2 of 31 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS The issue of the following documents in effect on the date of the purchase order forms a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. The sup

11、plier may work to a subsequent revision of a document unless a specific document issue is specified. When the referenced document has been cancelled and no superseding document has been specified, the last published issue of that document shall apply. 2.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE Internat

12、ional, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. AMS2631 Ultrasonic Inspection Titanium and Titanium Alloy Bar, Billet and Plate AMS2642 Structural Examination of Titanium Alloys Etch-Anodize Inspection

13、 Procedure AMS2643 Structural Examination of Titanium Alloys Chemical Etch Inspection Procedure ARP1917 Clarification of Terms Used in Aerospace Metals Specifications AS1814 Terminology for Titanium Microstructures 2.2 ASTM Publications Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O.

14、Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9585, www.astm.org. ASTM B299 Titanium Sponge ASTM E539 Analysis of Titanium Alloys by X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry ASTM E1409 Determination of Oxygen and Nitrogen in Titanium and Titanium Alloys by Inert Gas Fusion ASTM E1447 Determination

15、 of Hydrogen in Titanium and Titanium Alloys by Inert Gas Fusion Thermal Conductivity/Infrared Detection Method ASTM E1941 Determination of Carbon in Refractory and Reactive Metals and Their Alloys by Combustion Analysis ASTM E2371 Analysis of Titanium and Titanium Alloys by Direct Current Plasma an

16、d Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ASTM E2994 Analysis of Titanium and Titanium Alloys by Spark Atomic Emission Spectrometry and Glow Discharge Atomic Emission Spectrometry 3. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS 3.1 Ingot Shall be produced as specified herein under effective controls of al

17、l variables of the melting processes to produce consistently uniform ingots that will yield products meeting the requirements of this specification. Ingots shall be produced only by approved sources (see 1.1.1 and 4.4). SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS2380G Page 3 of 31 3.1.1 Raw Material Control 3.1.1.1 Spong

18、e Melt source shall either produce or procure sponge to a specification approved as in 4.4.2.1.1. Sponge shall be free of contaminants considered to cause high and/or low-density inclusions or of excess elements that might alter or influence the phase structure or content of the intended final produ

19、ct. Inspection frequency and methods shall be as agreed upon by purchaser and producer. Composition shall be determined as follows: carbon in accordance with ASTM E1941, hydrogen in accordance with ASTM E1447, oxygen and nitrogen in accordance with ASTM E1409, and other elements in accordance with A

20、STM E539, ASTM E2371, or ASTM E2994. Other analytical methods may be used if acceptable to the purchaser. 3.1.1.2 Master Alloy and Alloying Elements Melt source shall procure master alloy and alloying elements to a specification approved as in 4.4.2.1.1. Master alloy and alloying elements shall be f

21、ree of oxides, nitrides, and other detrimental foreign materials, including materials that would cause high and/or low-density inclusions. The boron content of the master alloy shall not exceed 0.005% by weight (50 ppm). Methods of analysis and inspection of master alloys and alloying elements shall

22、 be as agreed upon by the melter or supplier and purchaser. No elements shall be added except as shown as an element in the composition detailed in the applicable material specification. A residual element is defined as an element present in a metal or an alloy in small quantities inherent to the ra

23、w materials or manufacturing process, but not added intentionally. 3.1.1.3 Recycling 3.1.1.3.1 Grade 1 and Grade 2 Previously melted alloy may be recycled provided such material is clean, free of heavy scale, refractories, high-density material, and carbides and is segregated as to alloy grade. Stub

24、s may be used for remelt and shall be melted a minimum of two times as specified in 3.1.2. No flame-cut material “or split ends“ shall be recycled unless all hard scale is removed, followed by acid pickling and rinsing or is processed by hydrogenation, crushing, and inspection. Turnings that have be

25、en cut with carbide tools may be recycled provided they are shown to be free of high-density material, determined by a procedure agreed upon by purchaser and producer. Casting scrap shall not be recycled. 3.1.1.3.2 Grade 3 and Grade 4 The use of recycled material for Grade 3 and Grade 4 shall be in

26、accordance with 3.1.1.3.1 or as agreed upon by purchaser and producer. 3.1.2 Melting Practice Grade 1 alloy shall be double melted under vacuum and Grade 2 alloy shall be triple melted under vacuum using consumable electrode practice. Grade 3 shall be electron beam cold hearth refined followed by a

27、single vacuum arc remelt. Grade 4 shall be plasma arc melted, cold hearth refined, followed by a single consumable electrode vacuum arc melt. The critical variable of each melting cycle shall be continuously monitored and recorded. The bottom charge shall be of the same nominal composition as the ma

28、terial being melted and shall conform to 3.1.1.3. 3.1.2.1 First Melt 3.1.2.1.1 Grade 1 and Grade 2 A suitable vacuum during the steady state portion of the first melt is defined as a pressure not higher than 2000 microns (2 mm) of mercury with occasional momentary peaks not higher than 6000 microns

29、(6 mm) of mercury. The pressure shall be maintained by continuous pumping. 3.1.2.1.2 Grade 3 A suitable vacuum during the steady state portion of the first melt is defined as a pressure not higher than 100 microns (0.1 mm) of mercury with occasional momentary peaks not higher than 300 microns (0.3 m

30、m) of mercury. The pressure shall be maintained by continuous pumping. SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS2380G Page 4 of 31 3.1.2.1.3 Grade 4 Melting shall be performed under inert gas at a pressure no higher than 1000 mm of mercury. Momentary pressure rises to 1500 mm of mercury are allowed up to 180 seconds. 3

31、.1.2.1.4 A consolidation melt to provide electrodes for first stage melting may be made by consumable electrode, nonconsumable electrode, electron beam, or plasma arc melting practice. 3.1.2.2 Subsequent Vacuum Melt(s) of Grades 1, 2, 3, and 4 A suitable vacuum during the steady state portion of sub

32、sequent melts is defined as not higher than 750 microns (0.75 mm) with occasional momentary peaks to 2000 microns (2 mm) permitted. 3.1.2.3 A momentary peak is defined as a temporary surge of pressure that recovers to the maximum allowable pressure level in not more than 90 seconds in the second-sta

33、ge of a double melt or third stage of a triple melt and 120 seconds in the first-stage melt and in the second stage of a triple melt. 3.1.2.4 Welding of primary melt electrodes for either Grade 1 or Grade 2 alloy and of second melt electrodes for Grade 2 alloy shall be performed in vacuum or in an i

34、nert gas (argon and/or helium) filled chamber or fixture, using plasma arc, electron beam, or gas metal arc (GMA) techniques only; use of gas tungsten arc (GTA) welding is not permitted. Electrodes shall not be welded outside of chamber unless agreed upon by purchaser and manufacturer. Welding of th

35、e holding fixture may be performed with an inert gas (argon and/or helium) shielded plasma or gas metal arc welding, but such welds shall not be used as recycle material and, if this weld joint is melted into the ingot, that portion of the ingot shall be removed. 3.1.2.5 Preliminary Melting Cycles A

36、ny of the following discrepancies occurring during the first melting cycle for Grades 1, 3, and 4 alloys or during either the first or second cycles for Grade 2 alloy shall disqualify the heat for any application requiring this specification. Deviations from established limits may be referred to all

37、oy purchaser for acceptance. 3.1.2.5.1 For Grades 1 and 2, any loss of vacuum exceeding the limits of 3.1.2.1.1 associated with an air leak. 3.1.2.5.2 For Grade 3, any loss of vacuum exceeding the limits of 3.1.2.1.2 associated with an air leak. 3.1.2.5.3 For Grade 4, any system leak detected by con

38、tinuous analysis of the furnace atmosphere. Compositional limits shall be as agreed upon by purchaser and producer. 3.1.2.5.4 Any water leak occurring during the melting cycle shall be confirmed by chemical analysis after grinding. Minor discoloration due to pinhole water leaks may be removed by mac

39、hining or by grinding provided all traces of grinding media are subsequently removed. 3.1.2.5.5 Any unscheduled furnace disassemblies. 3.1.2.6 Final Melt Cycle Any of the following melting discrepancies shall disqualify the heat for applications requiring this specification. 3.1.2.6.1 Any loss of va

40、cuum exceeding the limits of 3.1.2.2. 3.1.2.6.2 Any water leak into the ingot chamber during the melting period. Minor discoloration due to pinhole water leaks may be removed by grinding. Ingot shall be considered acceptable only if chemical analysis of alloy removed from the leak area after grindin

41、g indicates absence of contamination. 3.1.2.6.3 Any power interruption lasting longer than 30 seconds during the melting cycle. SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS2380G Page 5 of 31 3.1.2.7 Hot Topping During final melting, ingots shall be hot topped according to an established procedure with defined limits that

42、shall be continuously monitored and recorded. The melting discrepancy restrictions of 3.1.2.6.2 and 3.1.2.6.3 shall apply during hot topping. If one or more of the defined limits are exceeded during the hot topping operation, the corresponding portion of the ingot shall be discarded and the balance

43、shall be considered acceptable only if chemical analysis or other tests show the ingot to be free of contamination or other detrimental defects. 3.1.2.8 Furnace Cleaning The furnace shall be inspected and cleaned in accordance with an established schedule and procedure. 3.2 Stock for Forging or Extr

44、uding Billet, bar, and slabs for forging and extruding shall be manufactured from ingot produced as in 3.1. Limits shall be established for ingot conversion procedures that will produce stock conforming to the following requirements; these limits shall be continuously monitored and recorded. Deviati

45、ons from established parameters for the control factors for ingot conversion procedures of 4.4.2.1.2 shall be reported to purchaser of the stock and approval obtained before the stock may be considered acceptable. 3.2.1 Macrostructure and Defects 3.2.1.1 Unmagnified visual examination magnification

46、of transverse sections of stock for forging or extrusions, etched in an ammonium bifluoride etch solution of 68 g/gallon (18 g/L) of NH4HF2 at room temperature, or in accordance with AMS2643, or other etching procedure agreed upon by purchaser and producer, for sufficient time to develop a well-defi

47、ned macrostructure, shall show no imperfections, such as unhealed pipe, cracks, porosity, laps, folds, pitted areas, segregation, or inclusions, detrimental to usage of the stock. A processing tree ring structure is permitted provided there is no chemical segregation outside of the composition limit

48、s and microstructure of the tree ring pattern is acceptable. Additional etching procedures, such as AMS2642 etch anodize, may be used when agreed upon by purchaser and producer. 3.2.1.2 Macro-Grain Structure The macro-grain structure shall be equal to or better (lower number) than the levels shown i

49、n Tables 1 and 2. Visual standards for macro-grain structure are shown in Figures 1 through 10. Table 1 - Macro-grain structure standards, forging and extruding stock, rounds Nominal Diameter Inches Nominal Diameter Millimeters Macro-Grain Structure Level Ti-6AI-4V, Ti-6AI-6V-2Sn Ti-6AI-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo Macro-Grain Structure Level Other Alloys Up to 2.0, incl Up to 51, incl 20 20 Over 2.0 to 6.0, incl Over 51 to 152, incl 30 30 Over 6.0 t