2019中考英语二轮复习语法突破十一动词的时态与语态考点剖析（讲义，五四制）.doc

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1、1五四语法十一 动词的时态与语态语法考点剖析中考需要掌握的时态 和语态分别是：一般现在时及其被动语态、一般过去时及其被动语态、一般将来时及其被动语态、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、含情态动词的被动语态。考点一 动词的时态1一般现在时。表示经常性、习惯性的动作，常与 often, usually, always 等时间状语连用，表示客观真理。She often works at the weekend.她经常在周末工作。There are four seasons in a year.一年有四季。2一般过去时。表示过去发生的动作；be 动词的一般过去时为 was, were，实义动词的一般

2、过去时为动词的过去式。常与 just now, yesterday, last week, ago 等表示过去时间的状语连用。Who did you see at the meeting yesterday？昨天的会议上你看见了谁？3一般将来时。由“shall/will动词原形”构成，shall 用于第一人称，will 用于各种人称；此外还有“be going to动词原形”的形式。常与 tomorrow, next week 等表示将来的时间状语连用。I am going to stay for a week.我打算待一个星期。Look at the dark clouds. It is g

3、oing to rain.看那乌云，要下雨了。be going to do 表示将来是指事先经过考虑的打算或有迹象表明要发生某事。4现在进行时。由 “am/is/are现在分词”构成，表示现在 正在发生的事情或近期一直在做的事情。句中常有 now, look, listen 等标志词。Look! A bird is flying in the sky.看！一只鸟在天上飞。She is teaching at a night school now.现在她在一所夜校教学。5过去进行时。由“was/were现在分词”构成，表示过去某一时间正在发生的事情或过去某段时间一直在做的事情。常与 this t

4、ime yesterday, “when过去动作”等时间状语连用。She was watching TV at this time yesterday.昨天这个时候她正在看电视。They were waiting for you last night.昨晚他们一直在等你。6现在完成时。2由“have/has过去分词”构成，表示过去某时发生的动作一直延续到现在或过去的动作对现在 有影响。标志词有 since, for, already, yet, so far 等。I have lived in London since 10 years ago.自从 10 年前我就一直在伦敦居住。They h

5、ave lost the match.他们已经输了比赛。当句中有“How long.？/since./for.”等时间状语时，句中动词要用延续性动词。非延续性动词与延续性动词的转换如下：buyhave borrowkeep leavebe awaydiebe dead becomebe come tobe inbeginbe on stopbe overopen/closebe open/closedleave地点be away from地点joinbe in/a member of单项选择1(2018山东莱芜中考)Could you help me clean the floor, Bob?

6、Wait a moment. I for some information about the World Cup.Asearch B have searchedCam searching D was searching2(2018上海中考)Michael in a school in Yunnan from February to June next year.Ateach BtaughtCwill teach Dwas teaching3(2018湖北黄冈中考)Your new watch is so nice! When did you buy it?In April. I it for

7、 two months.Ahave had BhadChave bought Dbought考点二 被动语态被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。1主动变被动结构图：3变 换 步 骤 主 动 结 构 宾 语 变 为 主 语将 谓 语 动 词 改 为 be 过 去 分 词将 主 动 结 构 的 主 语 改 为 by短 语 ， 放 在 谓 语 动 词 后 )及物动词有被动语态，不及物动词必须带有介词才可以有被动语态。2各种时态的被动语态构成：语态 构成 例句一般现在时的被动语态am/is/are过去分词This machine is made in China.这台机器是中国制造的。一般过去时的被动语态

8、were/was过去分词Jim was told to come early.吉姆被告知要早到。 一般将来时的被动语 态will/shallbe过去分词The bridge will be finished in a month.这座桥将在一个月后竣工。现在进行时的被动语态am/is/are being过去分词The flowers are being watered by the workers.工人们正在浇花。现在完成时的被动语态have/has been过去分词My car has been repaired for a week.我的车修 了有一个星期了。过去进行时的被动语态was/w

9、ere being 过去分词The trees were being cut down yesterday afternoon.昨天下午人们正在砍树。过去完成时的被动语态had been过去分词By the time we got there, the fire had been put out.我们到时，火已经被扑灭了。过去将来时的被动语态should/would be过去分词They said the work would be finished on time.他们说将会按时完成工作。4情态动词的被动语态can/may/must/should 等be过去分词Your homework s

10、hould be done on time.你应该按时完成作业。单项选择1(2018山东莱芜中考)Laiwu has developed a lot in the last few years.Yes. And the highspeed rail in 2020.Acompletes Bis c ompletedCwill be completed Dwill complete2(2018吉林长春中考)We Chinese by the touching documentary Amazing China.Aencourage BencouragesCare encouraged Dare encouraging5参考答案考点一13 CCA考点二12 CC