[考研类试卷]英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编88及答案与解析.doc

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1、英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编 88 及答案与解析英译汉1 A fully-automatic factory, as we are able to envisage it today, takes the form of a complete factory with only a few skilled engineers to keep it in running order and a control committee to decide on the broad outline of the production plan. The details of the production

2、 plan will be decided by a computer which receives all the information necessary for the efficient running of a business. This machine will process the information fed to it and pass on the results both to the control committee and to a second large special-purpose computer acting as the central pro

3、duction controller.2 The sciences are differentiated precisely on the basis of the particular contradictions inherent in their respective objects of study. Thus the contradiction peculiar to a certain field of phenomena constitutes the object of study for a specific branch of science. For example, p

4、ositive and negative numbers in mathematics; action and reaction in mechanics; positive and negative electricity in physics; dissociation and combination in chemistry; forces of production and relations of production, classes and class struggle, in social science; offence and defence in military sci

5、ence; idealism and materialism , the metaphysical outlook and the dialectical outlook, in philosophy; and so onall these are the objects of study of different branches of science precisely because each branch has its own particular contradiction and particular essence.3 Almost 40 years ago, when Lyn

6、don Johnson declared war on poverty, a family with a car and a Dutch Colonial in the suburbs felt prosperous and, in the face of the presidents call to action, magnanimous. Poverty seemed far away, in the shanties of the South or the worst pockets of urban blight. Today that same family may well fee

7、l impoverished, overwhelmed by credit-card debt, a second mortgage and the cost of the stuff that has become the backbone of American life. When the middle class feels poor, the poor have little chance for change, or even recognition. Does anyone think twice about the woman who turns down the spread

8、 on the hotel bed?4 The stages of a writer s professional life are marked not by a name on all office door, but by a name in ink. There was the morning when my father came home carrying a stack of Sunday papers because my byline was on page one, and the evening that I persuaded a security guard to h

9、and over an early edition, still warm from the presses, with my first column. But there s nothing to compare to the day when someone hands over a hardcover book with your name on the cover. I m just not sure the moment would have had the same grandeur had my work been downloaded instead into an e-re

10、ader.Reading is not simply an intellectual pursuit but an emotional and spiritual one. That s why it survives. There are still millions of people who like the paper version, at least for now. And if that changeswell, what is a book, really? Is it its body, or its soul?5 Laughlin acknowledges that “a

11、 lot of responsible people“ are worried about atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels. This has, he says, “the potential“ to modify the weather by raising average temperatures several degrees centigrade and that governments have taken “ significant, although ineffectiv

12、e,“ steps to slow the warming. “ On the scales of time relevant to itself, the earth doesn t care about any of these governments or their legislation. “Someday, all the fossil fuels that used to be in the ground will be burned. After that, in about a millennium, the earth will dissolve most of the r

13、esulting carbon dioxide into the oceans. The dissolving will leave the concentration in the atmosphere only slightly higher than today s. Then “ over tens of millennia, or perhaps hundreds“ the earth will transfer the excess carbon dioxide into its rocks, “eventually returning levels in the sea and

14、air to what they were before humans arrived on the scene. “ This will take an eternity as humans reckon, but a blink in geologic time.英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编 88 答案与解析英译汉1 【正确答案】 全自动化工厂，就我们目前能预见到的而言，是一种完全配套的工厂，仅需几位熟练的工程师来维持它的正常运行，并加上一个管理委员会对生产计划的大轮廓作出决定。具体的生产计划将由一台能接收所有有效信息以保证商业正常运营的计算机来决定。该计算机对所接收到的信息进行加工处理之

15、后，再把它传递给管理委员会和另一台相当于中央生产控制器具备特殊效能的计算机。2 【正确答案】 科学研究的不同，体现在即使是在一门独立学科的研究之下，其内在也存在很多特殊的矛盾性。因此，某一现象的领域存在的特有矛盾构成了一门具体学科的研究对象。例如，数学领域的正数与负数，机械学中的作用与反作用，物理学中的阴电与阳电，化学中的化分与化合，社会科学中的生产力与生产关系、阶级和阶级的互相斗争，军事学中的攻击与防御，哲学中的唯心论与唯物论、形而上学观与辩证法观等等，都是因为每一学科具有特殊的矛盾和特殊的本质，才构成了不同学科的研究对象。3 【正确答案】 大约四十年前，当林登约翰逊向贫穷宣战时，那些在郊区

16、有车有房的富裕家庭，多响应总统的呼吁，慷慨解囊。那时，贫穷似乎只存在于遥远的南部下等的小酒馆和城区大多不景气的场所。如今，即使那些有车有房的人也会感到自己很穷，因为他们饱受信贷、次贷和物价的困扰，而这些恰是美国社会经济的命脉。如果连中产阶级都感到贫穷的话，那些穷人改变现状的机会就微乎其微，甚至压根就得不到注意。试想，有谁会去注意那个在酒店里铺床的女服务员呢?4 【正确答案】 作家写作生涯的各个阶段不是体现在办公室的门牌上，而是体现在油印的名字之中。依然记得父亲拎回一堆周末报纸的那个早上，那上面第一版有我的名字，以及我从保安处要来出版社新出的余温未散的报纸的那个晚上，那是我第一次发表专栏。但对我

17、一个联邦快递员来说，这些都不足以与有人将封面上印有我名字的精装书交给我的那天相比。但若我的作品是被下载到电子阅读器上，我不太确定那一刻是否会同样重要。阅读不仅是对知识的追求，更是一种情感和精神诉求，因而，它幸存了。仍然有很多人热爱纸质书籍，至少目前如此，但如果这一点改变了，那么什么是书呢?难道这是它的主体，或灵魂吗?5 【正确答案】 克劳林承认，有许多负责任的人们对大气层二氧化碳浓度感到担忧。他说，这有可能使全球平均温度升高数度从而改变天气，各国政府采取了重大但不是很有效的措施来推迟全球变暖。克劳林称：“就地球的时间度量而言，地球并不关心任何政府或法律。”总有一天，所有埋藏在地下的化石燃料都将会被烧尽。在那之后，大约一千年之内，地球会将产生的大部分二氧化碳溶解到海洋里。这样一来，大气层中二氧化碳的浓度只比现在稍微高一些。之后，“过几万年甚至几十万年，” 地球会把多余的二氧化碳转移到岩石中。“ 最终，海洋和大气中二氧化碳的浓度又回到了人类出现之前的水平。” 按照人类的估算，这个过程将需要一段漫长的时间，但是在地质时期这只是一瞬间。