[考研类试卷]英语专业(语言学)历年真题试卷汇编22及答案与解析.doc
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1、英语专业(语言学)历年真题试卷汇编 22 及答案与解析一、填空题1 According to G Leech, _meaning is the communicative value an expression has by virtue of what it refers to, over and above its purely conceptual content. (北二外 2006研)2 According to G Leech, _meaning refers to logic, cognitive, or denotative content. (北二外 2005 研)3 Acc
2、ording to G. Leech, _meaning refers to what is communicated of the feelings and attitudes of the speaker/writer. (北二外 2007 研)4 The theory of meaning which relates the meaning of a word to the thing it refers to, or stands for, is known as the_theory. (中山大学 2008 研)5 _is the technical name for the sam
3、eness relation. (北二外 2007 研)6 Terms like “apple“, “banana“ and “pear“ are_of the term “fruit“. (北二外 2007研)7 “Mary gave a book to Jack“ is synonymous with “Jack_a book from Mary.“ (北二外 2005 研)8 Terms like “rolling pin“ and “ladle“ are_of the term “kitchen implements.“ (北二外 2005 研)9 Antonyms like “hus
4、band“ v. “wife“ are_antonyms. (北二外 2003 研)10 Terms like “desk“ and “stool“ are_of the term “furniture“. (北二外 2003 研)11 _= PARANT(x, y) _ and_.二、判断题15 In the sentence “Money is often said to be the root of all evil“, “root“ is used in its conceptual meaning. (北二外 2007 研)(A)真(B)假16 After comparing “Th
5、ey stopped at the end of the corridor.“ with “At the end of the corridor, they stopped“, you may find some difference in meaning, and the difference can be interpreted in terms of collocative meaning. (北二外 2006 研)(A)真(B)假17 Conceptual meaning overlaps to a large extent with the notion of “reference“
6、. (北二外 2005 研)(A)真(B)假18 When you use your own sentence with a meaning other than the conceptual, the meaning is some- times referred to as speakers meaning, or contextual meaning. (大连外国语学院 2008 研)(A)真(B)假19 The theory of meaning which relates the meaning of a word to the thing it refers to, or stan
7、ds for, is known as the referential theory. (北二外 2006 研)(A)真(B)假20 Reference is one of the rarely used cohesive devices. (南开大学 2005 研)(A)真(B)假21 Odgen and Richards argue that the relation between a word and a thing it refers to is not direct. (南开大学 2004 研)(A)真(B)假22 “Tulip“, “rose“ and “violet“ are
8、all included in the notion of “flower“. Therefore they are superordinates of “flower“. (北二外 2006 研)(A)真(B)假23 The idea that the meaning of a sentence depends on the meanings of the constituent words and the way they are combined is usually known as the principle of COMPOSITIONALITY. (大连外国语学院 2008 研)
9、(A)真(B)假24 The two words borrow and lend are antonyms but the two sentences “Jan lent some money to Jack“ and “Jack borrowed some money from Jan“ are synonymous. (北二外2010 研)(A)真(B)假25 All the words in a language can be used to refer, but only some have senses. (北二外2010 研)(A)真(B)假三、单项选择题26 When the w
10、ord “root“ means “part of plant that keeps it firmly in the soil and absorbs water and food from the soil“, the meaning is_meaning. (北二外 2004 研)(A)connotative(B) conceptual(C) reflected27 _ deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world experience. (西安交大 2008
11、 研)(A)Reference(B) Concept(C) Semantics(D)Sense28 Which of the following is NOT included in G. Leechs seven types of meaning? (大连外国语学院 2008 研)(A)Connotative meaning.(B) Denotative meaning.(C) Conceptual meaning.29 According to C. Ogden and I. Richards,_is regarded as the crucial intermediary between
12、_and_. (西安外国语学院 2006 研)(A)symbol . referent . thought(B) referent . thought . symbol(C) thought . symbol . referent30 There are generally three kinds of sense relations recognized, sameness relation, oppositeness relation and inclusiveness relation. They are represented by_respectively. (大连外国语学院 200
13、8 研)(A)synonymy, antonymy, and hyponymy(B) synonymy, hyponymy, and antonymy(C) antonymy, synonymy, and hyponymy31 Bird and cuckoo have the sense relation of hyponymy. Which of the following pairs of words has the same sense relation? (对外经贸 2005 研)(A)Vowel and consonant(B) Mouth and tongue(C) Lexicon
14、 and word(D)Number and gender32 By componential analysis, BECOME (x, ( ALIVE(x) is an explanation of_.(西安外国语学院 2006 研)(A)die(B) dead(C) kill(D)killed33 The sense relationship between “John plays the piano“ and “John plays a musical instrument“ is _.(北二外 2004 研)(A)synonymy(B) antonymy(C) entailment34
15、 Which of the following are gradable antonyms?(A)good and bad(B) male and female(C) young and old(D)buy and sell35 Conceptual meaning is not_(A)affective(B) cognitive(C) logic(D)denotative36 When the truth of sentence (a) guarantees the truth of sentence (b), and the falsity of sentence (b) guarante
16、es the falsity of sentence (a) , we can say that_.(A)sentence (a) presupposes sentence (b)(B) sentence (a) entails sentence (b)(C) sentence (a) is inconsistent with sentence (b)(D)sentence (a) contradicts sentence (b)37 “Socrates is a man“ is a case of_.(A)two-place predicate(B) one-place predicate(
17、C) two-place argument(D)one-place argument四、简答题38 What is the referential theory of meaning? (北交大 2005 研)39 What are the three kinds of antonyms? (武汉大学 2004 研)40 What is your opinion on “true synonymy is non-existent“? (四川大学 2006 研)41 How would you describe the oddness of the following sentences, us
18、ing semantic features? (浙江大学 2004 研)(a) The television drank my water.(b) His dog writes poetry.42 Do you think there are true synonyms in English? Why? (厦门大学 2010 研)43 What is the difference between meaning, concept, connotation, and denotation?44 What is sense and what is reference? How are they r
19、elated?五、名词解释45 Conceptual meaning (四川大学 2010 研;武汉大学 2007 研;上海交大 2006 研)46 Contextual meaning (浙江大学 2005 研)47 Concatenation (四川大学 2006 研)48 Denotation (南开大学 2004 研)49 Semantic Triangle (大连外国语学院 2008 研)50 Lexical relations (上海交大 2006 研)51 Homonymy (上海交大 2007 研)52 Relational opposites (武汉大学 2005 研)53
20、Synonymy (西安交大 2008 研)54 Componential analysis (浙江大学 2005 研;北航 2008 研)55 Entailment (武汉大学 2006 研)56 Presupposition(武汉大学 2004 研)57 Polysemy (北外 2010 研)58 linguistic variable (北外 2011 研)六、举例说明题59 Please list and explain the 7 types of meaning recognized by G. Leech. (南开大学2004 研)60 The British linguist
21、 F. R. Palmer argues that “there is no absolute distinction between gradable antonyms and complementary antonyms.“ Do you believe so? Support your view with examples.(南开大学 2007 研)61 Words in our mental lexicon are known to be related to one another. Discuss the relationships between words, using exa
22、mples from the English language. (北外 2003 研)62 Categorize the following pairs: child - kid, alive - dead, big - small, husband - wife.63 How many semantic relations are there among sentences? Give examples.英语专业(语言学)历年真题试卷汇编 22 答案与解析一、填空题1 【正确答案】 Connotative【试题解析】 利奇认为内涵意义是指通过语言所指传达的意义,是位于纯粹的概念意义之上的。
23、2 【正确答案】 Conceptual【试题解析】 利奇认为概念意义是指逻辑的、认知的、外延的内容。3 【正确答案】 Affective【试题解析】 利奇认为感情意义是指所传达的关于说话人作者感情、态度方面的意义。4 【正确答案】 Referential【试题解析】 把词语意义跟它所指称或所代表的事物联系起来的理论,叫做指称理论。5 【正确答案】 Synonymy【试题解析】 同义关系是相同关系的专业术语,完全的同义关系是很少的。所谓的同义词都是依赖语境的,它们总是在这方面或那方面有所不同。6 【正确答案】 hyponyms【试题解析】 上下义关系是指意义内包关系或者说一种类和成员间的关系。题
24、中“苹果,香蕉,梨”都是“水果”的下义词。7 【正确答案】 received【试题解析】 参考“同义词”的定义。8 【正确答案】 hyponyms【试题解析】 “擀面杖”和“勺子”都属于“厨房用具”的下义词。9 【正确答案】 converse【试题解析】 反向反义关系是反义关系的一种特殊类型,典型地表现在两两相对的社会角色、亲属关系、时间和空间等方面;丈夫与妻子的关系属于此种反义关系。10 【正确答案】 (co-)hyponyms【试题解析】 在上下义关系中,一个坐标词通常有很多下义词。同类中的成员叫做同下义词。题中“桌子”和“凳子”都是“家具”的下义词。11 【正确答案】 fartherPA
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