[考研类试卷]英语专业语言学(综合)模拟试卷7及答案与解析.doc
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1、英语专业语言学(综合)模拟试卷 7 及答案与解析一、简答题1 Distinguish between synchronic and diachronic linguistics.2 A wolf is able to express subtle gradations of emotion by different positions of the ears, the lips, and the tail. There are eleven postures of the tail that express such emotions as self-confidence, Confident
2、 threat, lack of tension, uncertain threat, depression, defensiveness, active submission, and complete submission. This system seems to be complex. Suppose there were a thousand different emotions that the wolf could express in this way. Would you then say a wolf had a language similar to mans? If n
3、ot, why not?3 What is the test most often used for determining phonemes in a language? Illustrate how the test works with examples.4 Whats the difference between an open and a closed syllable?4 For each group of sounds listed below, state the phonetic feature or features which they share. Example; p
4、 b m Feature; bilabial, stop, consonant5 gptdkb6 uu: 6 Name the single feature that distinguishes the following pairs of sounds.7 : 8 p : f9 I : e10 b : m11 s : 12 s : 12 The following sets of minimal pairs show that English p and b contrast in initial, medial and final positions.Initial Medial Fina
5、lpit/bit rapid/rabid cap/cabFind similar sets of minimal pairs for each pair of consonants given;13 k-g14 m-n15 b-v16 b-m17 P-f17 The English data below provide examples of stress placement on certain verbs. ABCappear adapt astonishcollide collapse considererase elect imaginecarouse observe determin
6、ecorrode torment promise18 Describe in words the stress placement on these verbs. Make sure you refer to syllable structure in your statement.19 Provide syllable representations of the words collide, elect, and consider in order to illustrate your conctusion about stress placement in these forms.20
7、Which of the following forms are possible words of English?mboodcoofp(3)sprokeworpzfrailktleemflukebsarn21 Consider the following words and finish two tasks:For each word, determine whether it is simple or compound.Circle all of the bound morphemes. Underline all of the roots, fly reuse spiteful pre
8、plandesks triumphed suite optionalityuntie delight fastest prettiertree justly deform mistreatdislike payment disobey premature英语专业语言学(综合)模拟试卷 7 答案与解析一、简答题1 【正确答案】 Language can be studied at a given point in time or over time. When we study language at one particular time, it is called synchronic li
9、nguistics. When we study language developments through time, it is called diachronic linguistics. Synchronic linguistics focuses on the state of language at any point on history while diachronic linguistics focuses on the differences in two or more than two states of language over decades or centuri
10、es.【知识模块】 简答题2 【正确答案】 No, we can not say a wolf has a language similar to that of men even though there were a thousand different emotions that the wolf could express with his positions of body parts. There are two reasons for that;First, language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used only for
11、 human communication. The primary medium for human communication is sound, so the kind of communication system composed by positions of body parts are different from human language fundamentally.Second, language has design features which are lack in animals communication systems. For example, langua
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