[考研类试卷]考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷223及答案与解析.doc
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1、考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷 223 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 With Japans welfare system buckling under the demands of an ageing society, the worlds oldest man apologized yesterday for his longevity.As Tomoji Tanab
2、e, 111, received his certificate from Guinness World Records, the former engineer, who never touches alcohol, said that his feat of survival was nothing special. “I have been around too long,“ he joked, “I amsorry.“ Mr. Tanabe added his customary explanation of how he has managed to reach such a rip
3、e old age: “Not drinking alcohol is the best formula for keeping myself healthy,“ he said.Other residents of his village attributed Mr. Tanabes long life to a diet that consists chiefly of vegetables and very little fried food. His explanation fuels a continuing mystery about the ideal formula for l
4、ongevityas each new holder of the title is crowned, each attributes his or her success to diets, lifestyles and habits that differ widely. Some have said that fresh air is the key, others have been heavy smokers. Some have taken vigorous exercise, others have sworn by periods of inactivity.The Mayor
5、 of Miyakonojo, the village where Mr. Tanabe lives with his family, presented the certificate to its famous resident after nearly five months of birthdate verification by the Guinness World Records team. Mr. Tanabe unofficially inherited the title when its previous record-holder, Emiliano Mer-cado d
6、el Toro, of Puerto Rico, died in January, aged 115.The crowning of Mr. Tanabe, who was born in the southern island of Kyushi in 1895, brings the desired “double trophy“ back to Japan. Yone Minagawa, who lives in the same area, is 114 and holds the title of worlds oldest woman.Japans population of th
7、e centenarians is the largest in the world. Most of the 28,000 Japanese who have made it beyond 100 are women and the highest concentration of the very elderly is in the southern part. The area around Hiroshima and the island of Okinawa are especially rich in former “worlds oldest“ title holders. Th
8、e number of centenarians has risen 160-fold since records began in the 1960s. Although Japan is proud of its record-breaking longevity, the success of Mr. Tanabe comes as the country is running short of ideas for how to solve its ageing crisis. With the fertility rate still at record lows, governmen
9、t and private sector efforts to stimulate the birthrate have met with little success. As the number of children decreases, the future welfare burden for working-age Japanese may become intolerably large.1 The word “buckling“ (Para, 1) most probably means _.(A)shrinking(B) collapsing(C) expanding(D)d
10、iminishing2 According to Mr. Tanabe, what contributes to his longevity?(A)A specially designed diet.(B) The fresh air in southern Japan.(C) An alcohol-free diet.(D)A mysterious reason.3 The statement “bring the desired double trophy back to Japan“ (Para. 4) most probably implies that_.(A)the worlds
11、oldest woman is also Japanese(B) Mr. Tanabe is happy to have been crowned the worlds oldest man(C) Japan feels proud to have the largest number of the centenarians(D)once the worlds oldest man and woman were Japanese4 It is suggested in the last paragraph that _.(A)women live a longer life than men
12、in Japan(B) the ageing problem is quite alarming in Japan(C) low birthrate has increased Japans welfare burden(D)measures to stimulate birthrate in Japan are successful5 Which of the following would be the best title for the text?(A)Longevity and Welfare System(B) The Worlds Oldest Man(C) Japan: An
13、Ageing Society(D)Physical Success, Welfare Burden5 How soon your performance will be rated may influence how well you do, according to a new study published in the journal Psychological Science. In the study, researchers Keri L. Kettle and Gerald Haubl from the University of Alberta set out to deter
14、mine whether the timing of feedback influences performance. Because earlier feedback means a more proximate possibility of disappointment,the researchers hypothesized that students told they would be learning their grade sooner would be more likely to perform well, compared with those who wouldnt fi
15、nd out their grade until later.Of 501 students taking a particular course, 271 agreed to participate in the study. All students were assigned a four minute oral presentation, which they had to deliver in front of about 10 classmates. Their performance was ranked on a scale of 1-10 by classmates, and
16、 the average of those scores made up their grade for the assignment. Prior to giving their oral presentation, study participants were asked to predict how well they would do, and were also told how soon they would learn their grade.The researchers found that study participants whod been told they wo
17、uld be given their scores earlier performed far better than those told theyd receive their scores later. Whats more, despite the fact that, on average, students who anticipated finding out how theyd done earlier significantly outperformed classmates who were given their scores later, they were more
18、likely to predict low marks for themselves. In contrast, those who were told they wouldnt learn their scores until later were more likely to predict very high markswhich they seldom actually went on to earn. As a control, the researchers also assessed the scores of the 230 students who had declined
19、to participate in the study. While students with the earliest feedback scored in the 60th percentile on average, and those with the latest feedback scored in the 40th percentile on average, those not included in the study (and whose feedback time hadnt been manipulated) consistently scored in the 50
20、th percentile.The findings suggest that “mere anticipation of more rapid feedback improves performance,“ the authors conclude, and that, interestingly, proximity of feedback influences predicted performance and actual performance differently. As the authors sum up: “People do best precisely when the
21、ir predictions about their own performance are least optimistic.“ The influence of feedback anticipation on performance has implications beyond the classroom as well, the researchers arguein the way that managers respond to employee work, for example, or maybe even how Mom and Dad size up how clean
22、that room is. The findings, Kettle and Haubl conclude, “have important practical implications for all individuals who are responsible for mentoring and for evaluating the performance of others.“6 According to Paragraph 1, researchers put forward such a hypothesis because _.(A)feedback and performanc
23、e are related(B) the timing of feedback affects performance(C) feedback may cause disappointment(D)feedback evaluates ones performance7 In paragraph 2, the author describes _(A)the experiment design(B) process of the experiment(C) participants and their tasks(D)evaluation of performance8 Participant
24、s who are told they will be given their scores earlier_.(A)underperform those who are told later(B) perform worse than they predict(C) are least optimistic at making prediction(D)seldom earn the marks they predict9 The significance of the findings lies in that _.(A)mere anticipation of more rapid fe
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