[考研类试卷]考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷219及答案与解析.doc
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1、考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷 219 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 Men are generally better than women on tests of spatial ability, such as mentally rotating an object through three dimensions or finding their way aroun
2、d in a new environment. But a new study suggests that under some circumstances a womans way of navigating is probably more efficient.Luis Pacheco-Cobos of the National Autonomous University of Mexico andhis colleagues discovered this by following mushroom gatherers from a village in the state of Tla
3、xcala for two rainy seasons. Two researchers, each fitted with GPS navigation devices and heart-rate monitors, followed different gatherers on different days. They recorded the weight of the mushrooms each gatherer collected and where they visited. The GPS data allowed a map to be made of the routes
4、 taken and the heart-rate measurements provided an estimate of the amount of energy expended during their travels.The results, to be published in Evolution and Human Behaviour, show that the men and women collected on average about the same weight of mushrooms. But the men travelled farther, climbed
5、 higher and used a lot more energy70% more than the women. The men did not move any faster, but they searched for spots with lots of mushrooms. The women made many more stops, apparently satisfied with, or perhaps better at finding, patches of fewer mushrooms.Previous work has shown that men tend to
6、 navigate by creating mental maps of a territory and then imagining their position on the maps. Women are more likely to remember their routes using landmarks. The study lends support to the idea that male and female navigational skills were honed differently by evolution for different tasks. Modern
7、-day hunter-gatherers divide labor, so that men tend to do more hunting and women more gathering. It seems likely that early humans did much the same thing.The theory is that the male strategy is the most useful for hunting prey; chasing an antelope, say, would mean running a long way over a winding
8、 route. But having killed his prey, the hunter would want to make a beeline for home rather than retrace his steps exactly. Women, by contrast, would be better off remembering landmarks and retracing the paths to the most productive patches of plants.The research suggests that in certain circumstanc
9、es women are better at navigating than men, which might lend some comfort to a man desperately searching for an item in a supermarket while his exasperated wife methodically moves around the aisles filling the shopping trolley. He is simply not cut out for the job, evolutionarily speaking.1 The word
10、 “navigating“ (Para 1) most probably means _.(A)voyaging(B) guiding(C) piloting(D)maneuvering2 GPS navigation devices and heart-rate monitors were chosen for the research most probably because they can _.(A)reflect the routes and the amount of used energy(B) record the overall weight of the mushroom
11、s gathered(C) estimate the time and energy consumed during travels(D)provide the gatherers with different maps of routes3 The result of the experiment indicated that women gatherers _.(A)knew how to regain energy(B) were good at remembering landmarks(C) were easily content(D)travelled more efficient
12、ly4 By referring to evolution, the author intends to show that _.(A)men and women are different in spatial conception and ability(B) males are born with the hunters mentality and females the gatherers(C) different ways of navigation can date back to the ancient times(D)early humans have decided the
13、division of labor for men and women5 We can infer from the supermarket scene depicted in the last paragraph that man _.(A)is always impatient when shopping with his wife(B) may not be the right type for finding items(C) may be suitable to do this routine job(D)is sometimes unable to navigate correct
14、ly5 For the past five years, Dr. Stephen Post has been funding research projects that test how altruism (selflessness), compassion, and giving affect peoples lives and well-being. As head of the Institute for Research on Unlimited Love(IRUL), at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, he has s
15、ponsored more than 50 studies by scientists from 54 major universities. In a wide range of disciplinesfrom public health to human development to neuroscience, sociology, and evolutionary biologythe studies have demonstrated that love and caring expressed in doing good for others lead people to have
16、healthier, happier, and even longer lives.IRUL research is part of a significant shift under way within key scientific disciplines from focusing just on the deficit or disease model of human nature to studying the positive, virtuous, and thriving aspects. In the process, the research is broadening t
17、he understanding of what contributes to health and longevity. Even some in evolutionary biology, a field long known for proclaiming “the selfish gene,“ are on board.“A lot of my colleagues view it very positively,“ says David Sloan Wilson, a prominent evolutionary biologist famous for his work on “g
18、roup selection.“ Dr.Wilson has studied how altruistic teenagers fare within differing social environmentssituations where they thrive and others where they are under great stressas well as group altruism. He praises the institute for identifying and supporting “a neglected set of subjects“ for resea
19、rch.Research on people diagnosed with various illnesseswhether it be HIV/AIDS, multiple sclerosis, or alcoholism-revealed that those patients involved in counseling or otherwise serving others show greater improvement in their own health. Volunteerism studies have demonstrated such positive results
20、that some people have called for doctors to prescribe volunteer activities. Post emphasizes, however, that its not just the activity itself, but the feelings behind the acts that benefit those taking part.Numerous studies on the brain have provided images that confirm the “helpers high“the warm glow
21、 that people feel from helping activities. But Post doesnt conclude that its the selfish pursuit of that high that spurs people to be givers. “Its not just from the chemicals. There is this neurological activity in the human body,“ he says, “but I think there is a spiritual presence that enlivens an
22、d elevates this kind of natural substrate.“ The institute will then turn very practical, Post says, taking all that has been learned about love and seeing “how it can be applied in interventions to make the world a better place.“6 According to the first two paragraphs, we know that IRUL research _.(
23、A)has been conducted by Dr. Post and scientists from other 54 universities(B) aims to find out what contributes to healthier, happier, and longer lives(C) has shown altruistic love results in a healthier and happier life(D)studies how altruistic teenagers get along in various social environments7 In
24、 the eyes of Dr. Wilson, IRUL research _.(A)initiates an important change(B) develops evolutionary biology(C) is positive and evolutionary(D)is praiseworthy for its efforts8 The examples of the patients are cited in Paragraph 4 to show that_.(A)people are helping others in order to improve their own
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- 考研 试卷 英语 阅读 模拟 219 答案 解析 DOC
