[考研类试卷]考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷168及答案与解析.doc
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1、考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷 168 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 Europe is following the Dutch lead and taking the green movement to the manufacturers of white goods and electronics. A spate of legislation emerging fr
2、om Brussels aims ultimately to hold manufacturers responsible for the fate of their products along after theyve left store shelves or car showrooms. Theyre being told they must ensure that as much as 85 percent of their products is recycled or reused, and the remainder disposed of in environmentally
3、 sound ways.Something surely needs to be done. In recent decades consumers have grown used to an ever-speedier turnover of hardware. A computer built in the 1960s lasted 10 years on average; now they are scrapped in just four. In the past more than 9 0 percent of this detritus had been buried in lan
4、dfills. Europes junk heap of electronic goods now weighs 6 million tons and will double in 12 years. All this waste is taking an obvious toll on the planet.Even at this early stage in Europes recycling experiment, though, the new laws have already caused unintended problems. Some European countries
5、have been caught wholly unprepared. Because of the new regulations, waste sites and incinerators throughout Europe are being inundated with hardware. Recycling facilities now coming online face a backlog of six months. Another problem: replacing bad but essential materials. The EU will soon ban the
6、use of the lead, a hazardous substance thats been used for decades to solder circuit boards. Electronics companies are struggling to find alternatives. “This could be a much bigger challenge for us than the waste-disposal regulations,“ says Michelle ONeill, a Hewlett-Packard lobbyist in Brussels.Bus
7、iness leaders also warn of excessive costs. “Society and the politicians have another objective here: to move costs onto industry,“ says Viktor Sundberg, European-affairs director of Swedish manufacturer Electrolux. Inevitably some of those costs will trickle down to the consumer. And theres the sti
8、cky problem of assigning responsibility. Is one manufacturer liable for recycling the products of a former rival that has gone out of business? Should carmakers pay for dismembering vehicles built years before the directive took effect? Europe hasnt worked out these issues.The new recycling laws may
9、 not cost as much as one might think. Many of the new targets are only incrementally tougher than existing ones. Carmakers, for instance, will in five years have to recycle or reuse 80 percent, by weight, of their old cars. But in the more ecoconscious northern states, they already voluntarily recyc
10、le 60 percent. That may be why manufacturers have greeted the new rules meekly. Ford claims that its latest Fiesta hatchback, newly built for the European market, is already 85 percent recyclable. Thats a powerful image for the new ecofriendly manufacturing, provided Europes medicine works without t
11、oo many side effects.1 The author says “something surely needs to be done“ because(A)the environment has already been seriously polluted.(B) some products are replaced at a faster rate than before.(C) Europe doesnt have enough place to bury the discarded goods.(D)some electronic goods will not decay
12、 if they are buried.2 The word “inundate“(Line 4, Paragraph 3)probably means(A)overwhelm.(B) destroy.(C) flood.(D)pollute.3 What disturbs electronics companies most according to Michelle ONeill?(A)The production of recycling facilities falls far short of demand.(B) The destruction of electronic prod
13、ucts will cost a lot of money.(C) The waste-disposal process involves advanced technology.(D)Some essential materials have to be replaced.4 We learn from the passage that(A)manufacturers are reluctant to spend a large sum of money on recycling their products.(B) manufacturers will shoulder a larger
14、proportion of the costs of recycling.(C) innovative European laws dont define clearly how to assign the responsibility.(D)innovative European laws are not applicable in many developing countries.5 What is the authors attitude towards achieving the targets set up in the laws?(A)Confident.(B) Pessimis
15、tic.(C) Suspicious.(D)Indifferent.5 What do consumers really want? Thats a question market researchers would love to answer. But since people dont always say what they think, marketeers would need direct access to consumers thoughts to get the truth.Now, in a way, that is possible. At the “Mind of t
16、he Market“ laboratory at Harvard Business School, researchers are looking inside shoppers skulls to develop more effective advertisements and marketing pitches. Using imaging techniques that measure blood flow to various parts of the brain, the Harvard team hopes to predict how consumers will react
17、to particular products and to discover the most effective ways to present information. Stephen Kosslyn, a professor of psychology at Harvard, and business school professor Gerald Zaltman, oversee the lab. “The goal is not to manipulate peoples preferences,“ says Kosslyn, “just to speak to their actu
18、al desires. “ The groups findings, though still preliminary, could radically change how firms develop and market new products.The Harvard group use positron emission tomography(PET)scans to monitor the brain activity. These PET scans, along with other non-invasive imaging techniques, enable research
19、ers to see which parts of the brain are active during specific tasks(such as remembering a word). Correlations have been found between blood flow to specific areas and future behavior. Because of this, Harvard researchers believe the scans can also predict future purchasing patterns. According to an
20、 unpublished paper the group produced, “It is possible to use these techniques to predict not only whether people will remember and have specific emotional reactions to certain materials, but also whether they will be inclined to want those materials months later. “The Harvard group is now moving in
21、to the next stage of experiments. They will explore how people remember advertisements as part of an effort to predict how they will react to a product after having seen an ad. The researchers believe that once key areas of the brain are identified, scans on about two dozen volunteers will be enough
22、 to draw conclusions about the reactions of specific segments of the population. Large corporationsincluding Coca Cola, General Motors, and Hallmarkhave already signed up to fund further investigations.For their financial support, these firms gain access to the experiments but cannot control them. I
23、f Kosslyn and Zaltman and their team really can read the mind of the market, then consumers may find it even harder to get those advertising jingles out of their heads.6 Harvard researchers use scientific technology in the experiments because they(A)dont believe the surveys done by the marketeers ca
24、n reveal the truth.(B) want to find a direct way to predict future purchasing patterns in different markets.(C) want to find out how the ads influence peoples brain activity and emotional responses.(D)expect their experiments to alter the marketing strategies of products.7 Which of the following is
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