[考研类试卷]考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷145及答案与解析.doc
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1、考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷 145 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 Wolves have been disappearing mysteriously in Sweden. Between 1999 and 2009, 18 of the animalsor about 17% of the individuals that researchers have acti
2、vely followedhave gone missing; the global positioning system(GPS)collars used to track them suddenly blinked off, and the wolves never reemerged. Researchers suspected poaching, but its been hard to determine how much of a toll such clandestine kills have taken. Now, by using a new mathematical ana
3、lysis, scientists have estimated that poaching accounts for half the deaths of Scandinavian wolves, potentially stymieing the rare predators recovery.As recently as the 1970s, not a single wolf lived in Norway or Sweden, says Guillaume Cha-pron, a conservation scientist at the Swedish University of
4、Agricultural Sciences in Riddarhyttan and a co-author of the new study. DNA evidence has shown that those carnivores living in the region today descend from a single male-female pair that made the treacherous trek from Finland in the early 1980s and a second male that arrived in 1991. Packs have gro
5、wn steadily from those three founders; in 2009, Sweden and Norway were home to 263 wolves.To keep an eye on their numbers, Scandinavian researchers fitted 104 wolves with GPS collars between 1999 and 2009. When a GPS blip goes dead, conservationists with the Scandinavian Wolf Project SKANDULV go loo
6、king. Some teams circle wolf territories in helicopters, whereas others set out on skis or snowmobiles to follow tracks and locate scat for DNA testing. If these extensive searches turn up nothing, as happened with 18 wolves that disappeared over the past 10 years, Chapron and his colleagues suspect
7、 foul play. “We cannot find any other mortality cause that would destroy the wolf and the radio-tracking collar other than poaching,“ he says.But bodies still havent turned up for any of the lost wolves. Chapron suspects that poachers disposed of their remains and the GPS collars to cover up the cri
8、mes. So instead, the researchers turned to ecology to show the extent of poaching in Scandinavia. Chapron and his colleagues projected how fast the Scandinavian wolf packs should have grown between 1999 and 2009. Had wolves died only from known causesillnesses, speeding cars, and a few cases of conf
9、irmed poachingnumbers would have grown from 74 animals to nearly 700. But in 2009, researchers counted fewer than 300 wolves in Sweden and Norway.Poachers didnt kill 400 wolves directly but took out an unknown number of males and females that wouldve otherwise been able to breed and multiply. “You c
10、annot really explain the population counts,“ Chapron says. “You need an extra source of mortality. “ In other words, hidden poaching.Regardless of the motive, illegal kills account for about 50% of total wolf deaths in Scandinavia, Chapron and colleagues estimate. In two-thirds of those cases, poach
11、ers seem to be killing and ditching the evidence without anyone knowing. Such “cryptic poaching“ takes a whopping toll on the population, and its one that has gone unrecognized until now.1 In Swedish researchers opinion, poaching has caused(A)a serious damage of GPS tracking function.(B) a potential
12、 threat to wolves thriving.(C) the direct invention of a mathematical analysis.(D)a sharp decrease in the number of wolves.2 When did the first group of wolves in Norway and Sweden come into being?(A)In the early 1970s.(B) In the early 1980s.(C) In the early 1990s.(D)In the early 21st century.3 Why
13、does Chapron come to the conclusion that poaching causes the mysterious death of wolves?(A)Because DNA evidence suggests human involvement in the killing of wolves.(B) Because Chapron and his colleagues have tracked down the murdering site.(C) Because extensive researches have shown the evidence of
14、poaching.(D)Because only poaching could not just kill the wolf but destroy the GPS collar.4 According to the ecology method, the growth of Scandinavian wolves(A)has failed to attain the estimated number.(B) has been severely affected by various reasons.(C) has been underestimated during the past dec
15、ade.(D)has helped researchers to locate the extent of poaching.5 The severe result of poaching is that(A)it leads to a difficulty in counting the exact number of wolves.(B) it has caused a shrinkage in wolves reproducing ability.(C) it makes it difficult in explaining why wolves decline.(D)it has ca
16、used an unbalance rate between male wolves and female ones.5 The Persian Gulf may be flush with money from oil, but it is desperate for food. Many of the richest countries in the region, including Saudi Arabia, are handicapped by a dry, unforgiving climate and a shortage of farmland; thus they must
17、import more than 60 percent of their annual food supply. Existing water stores are expected to be exhausted in 30 years, and yet, food demand is growing. Population growth in the region is more than double the world average, the prices of some staples are up more than 30 percent this year, and civil
18、 unrest is mounting.It is, in short, a daunting situation, and conventional responses appear inadequate. Continuing to rely on food from other countries, many government leaders believe, is not only risky but shortsighted in an era of tight trade restrictions and projections of even higher prices. A
19、nd so officials have begun laying the groundwork for a new approach: buying or renting farmland in other countriessometimes thousands of miles away.In recent weeks, officials and businessmen from Saudi Arabia have met with representatives of Thailand and South Africa to talk about buying farmland. T
20、he United Arab Emirates has looked at arable land in Sudan, Egypt, and Yemen and is pursuing a $3 billion deal in Pakistan with several private companies to build large corporate farms for growing rice, wheat, sugar cane, and fruits. Abu Dhabi has reportedly signed a deal with Sudan to develop 70,00
21、0 acres there.Looking to Asia. The Persian Gulf states have been the most aggressive in these pursuits, but they are not alone. In April, the president of South Korea, Lee Myung-Bak, expressed interest in renting farmland in eastern Russia or Southeast Asia. Chinese firms, many with close government
22、 ties, have recently pursued deals in the Philippines and Africa and are rumored to be eyeing land in Australia.Even individual farmers from the United States and Australia have started looking in larger numbers to overseas farmland, particularly in South America. “ We have certainly seen an increas
23、e here,“ says Andy Duff, a Rabobank International analyst based in Brazil. “There are the investors who see land as the root of all commodities and believe land may be an interesting investment, and we have also seen bona fide farmers who are looking to expand their operations from other parts of th
24、e world. “Globally, farmland is disappearing at an alarming rate. According to estimates, approximately 50 million acres vanish each year to urbanization, population growth, and economic and industrial development. In Iraq, where the Tigris and Euphrates rivers have nourished river-banks since the s
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