[考研类试卷]考研英语(二)模拟试卷48及答案与解析.doc
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1、考研英语(二)模拟试卷 48 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 The Pew Foundation discovered in a recent【C1 】_that tensions over inequality in wealth now【C2】_tensions over race and immigration.
2、But income inequality isnt really the problem. A new upper class is the problem. And their wealth isnt what sets them【C3】_or creates so much【C4 】_toward them.Lets take a guycall him Hankwho built a successful auto-repair business and【C5】_it to 30 locations, and now his【C6】_in the business is worth $
3、100 million. He went to a second-tier state university, or maybe he didnt complete college at all. He grew up in a working-class or middle-class home and married a woman who didnt complete college, either. He now lives in a neighborhood with other rich people, but theyre mostly other people who got
4、rich the same way he did. He has a lot of money, but he doesnt have power or influence over national culture, politics or economy,【C7】_does he even have any particular influence over the culture, politics or economy of the city where he lives. Hes just rich.The new upper class is different. It consi
5、sts of the people who run the country. By “ the people who run the country,“ I mean a small【C8】_of peoplewell under 100,000, by a【C9 】_definitionwho are【C10】_for the films and television shows you watch, the news you see and read, the success(or failure)of the nations leading corporations and financ
6、ial institutions and the jurisprudence, legislation and regulations produced by government.What makes the new upper class new is that its members not only have power and influence but also increasingly【C11】_a common culture that【C12】_them from the rest of the country. Fifty years ago, the people who
7、 rose to the most influential positions overwhelmingly had Hanks kind of【C13】_, thoroughly【C14】_in the American mainstream. They have【C15】_tastes and preferences and seek out enclaves of others who share them. Their culture【C16 】_little with the lifestyle or the popular culture of the rest of the na
8、tion; in fact, members of the new upper class increasingly【 C17】_that mainstream lifestyle and culture. If this divide continues to widen, it will completely destroy【C18】_has made Americas national civic culture【C19】_: a fluid,【C20】_society where people from different backgrounds live side by side a
9、nd come together for the common good.1 【C1 】(A)toll(B) doll(C) poll(D)roll2 【C2 】(A)outweighs(B) outnumbers(C) outpaces(D)outgrows3 【C3 】(A)aside(B) apart(C) about(D)aboard4 【C4 】(A)hysteria(B) hospitality(C) hostility(D)hardship5 【C5 】(A)amplified(B) magnified(C) stretched(D)expanded6 【C6 】(A)inter
10、est(B) bond(C) stake(D)bonus7 【C7 】(A)either(B) nor(C) neither(D)none8 【C8 】(A)set(B) fraction(C) part(D)portion9 【C9 】(A)vigorous(B) rigorous(C) outrageous(D)conspicuous10 【C10 】(A)charging(B) responsible(C) obliging(D)presiding11 【C11 】(A)confess(B) concede(C) embrace(D)despise12 【C12 】(A)diffuse(
11、B) dismiss(C) distract(D)distinguish13 【C13 】(A)resource(B) source(C) origin(D)base14 【C14 】(A)grounded(B) immersed(C) submerged(D)absorbed15 【C15 】(A)evident(B) distinctive(C) apparent(D)obvious16 【C16 】(A)interferes(B) incorporates(C) interacts(D)instills17 【C17 】(A)look down upon(B) look out for(
12、C) look forward to(D)look up to18 【C18 】(A)that(B) all(C) what(D)those19 【C19 】(A)excessive(B) exclusive(C) exceptional(D)eccentric20 【C20 】(A)mobile(B) motive(C) modern(D)multiplyPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 poin
13、ts)20 Last week 8,400 British students about to enter university received an e-mail from the Student Loans Company(SLC), a government body, reminding them to complete their application forms. It came with an attachment that listed all 8,400 e-mail addresses. The outfit later issued a sheepish apolog
14、y and promised an “internal investigation“. At best, such data breaches make a small dent in a firms reputation and the whole thing blows over, as it did SLCs case; at worst, though, companies lose the trust of their customers and also have to pay large fines. Sony, an ailing Japanese electronics gi
15、ant, may never quite recover from breach last year, when hackers stole the personal details of over 100m customers.The explosion of data in recent years was always going to make data breaches more common, as two recent reports make clear. The first is an annual publication commissioned by Symantec,
16、a maker of security software, and carried out by the Ponemon Institute, a data-protection researcher, to look into the cost of data breaches in several countries. Now in its seventh year, the report had some good news for Americans. Calculating the costs of investigations, compensation, customer sup
17、port and projected loss of revenue, it found that the average cost to a company per breached record declined for the first time since the numbers are tracked. The figure dropped from $214 in 2010 to $194 in 2011, suggesting that companies had become better both at preventing and responding to breach
18、es.Europeans fared less well. The cost rose from 71 to 79($113 to $126)in Britain, from 98 to 122($ 130 to $ 162)in France and from 138 to 146 in privacy-conscious Germany. In all four countries, around two-thirds of all breaches were the result of technical faults and malicious attacks. But the rem
19、aining third was down to negligence. They could, in other words, never have happened.The second study goes some way to explaining why they did. Iron Mountain, a data-management company, commissioned PricewaterhouseCoopers, a consultancy, to assess the risk of information loss faced by mid-size Europ
20、ean companies based on their attitudes to managing data. The report looks at 600 businesses in six European countries across different sectors. It found that businesses tend to regard data protection issues as the responsibility of IT departments. More than half thought that technology can solve the
21、 problem. Only 1% of the businesses surveyed believed it concerned all employeesand thus required a change in behavior.Both reports conclude that is precisely what is needed. Symantecs study found a correlation between having a senior executive in charge of information security and lower costs of da
22、ta breaches. “ It has to start at the top,“ says Marc Duale, Iron Mountains head. The best solution need not be the most expensiveemployee-awareness programs and staff training can be more effective than pricey IT upgrades. Malicious attacks may be unavoidable but silly mistakes are unforgivable.21
23、According to Paragraph 1, the Student Loan Company_.(A)was attacked by hackers maliciously just like Sony(B) responded to the data disclosure in a more diplomatic way than Sony(C) recovered more quickly from the data disclosure scandal than Sony(D)incurred heavier financial losses from data breach c
24、ase than Sony22 The first report probes into the problem of data breach by_.(A)calculating the capital that companies pour into preventing data breach(B) assessing the risk of information loss faced by different companies(C) identifying the factors that contribute to data breach(D)computing the loss
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