EN 15930-2010 en Fibres - Elasticity of fibres - Test methods《纤维 纤维的弹性 试验方法》.pdf

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1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 15930:2010Fibres Elasticity of fibres Test methodsBS EN 15930:2010 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 15930:2010.The UK p

2、articipation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee TCI/24, Physical testing of textiles.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are

3、responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2010ISBN 978 0 580 66784 8ICS 59.060.01Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 December 2010.Amendments issu

4、ed since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 15930:2010EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 15930 September 2010 ICS 59.060.01 English Version Fibres - Elasticity of fibres - Test methods Fibres - Elasticit des fibres - Mthodes dessais Fasern - Elastizitt von Fasern - Prfung This Euro

5、pean Standard was approved by CEN on 7 August 2010. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references con

6、cerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its

7、own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Lat

8、via, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Bruss

9、els 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15930:2010: EBS EN 15930:2010EN 15930:2010 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 31 Scope 42 Normative references 43 Terms and definitions .44 Principle 55 Apparatus .56 Atmosphere of

10、 conditioning and testing 67 Sampling .68 Preparation of the test specimens .69 Procedure .710 Calculation and expression of the results . 1111 Test report . 12Annex A (normative) “Elastic“ qualification of fibres . 14Bibliography . 15BS EN 15930:2010EN 15930:2010 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15

11、930:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 248 “Textiles and textile products”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2011,

12、and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2011. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Acc

13、ording to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, I

14、taly, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. BS EN 15930:2010EN 15930:2010 (E) 4 1 Scope This test method covers the determination of the elasticity of fibres and may lead to classif

15、ication of the fibre as elastic fibre (see Annex A). It is applicable to single man-made crimped and uncrimped fibres. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated r

16、eferences, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 12751, Textiles Sampling of fibres, yarns and fabrics for testing EN ISO 139, Textiles Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing (ISO 139:2005) EN ISO 1973, Textile fibres Determination of linear

17、density Gravimetric method and vibroscope method (ISO 1973:1995) EN ISO 7500-1, Metallic materials Verification of static uniaxial testing machines Part 1: Tension/compression testing machines Verification and calibration of the force-measuring system (ISO 7500-1:2004) 3 Terms and definitions For th

18、e purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 elasticity property of a fibre by virtue of which it tends to recover its original size and shape immediately after the removal of the force causing deformation 3.2 linear density mass per unit length of an essentially linea

19、r structure 3.3 constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) testing machine tensile testing machine provided with one clamp, which is virtually stationary, and another clamp, which moves with a constant speed throughout the test, the entire testing system being virtually free from deflection 3.4 gauge length d

20、istance between the two effective clamping or holding points of a testing device 3.5 initial length length of the test specimen between the two effective clamping or holding points at the required pretension, before testing BS EN 15930:2010EN 15930:2010 (E) 5 3.6 extension increase in length of a te

21、st specimen expressed in units of length e.g. millimetres 3.7 elongation ratio of the extension of the test specimen to its initial length, expressed as a percentage 3.8 maximum force force recorded in Newton at the position when a test specimen is taken to a fixed extension 3.9 cycle process whereb

22、y a fibre is taken from the gauge length to fixed extension or elongation and returned to gauge length 3.10 elastic recovery recovered elongation expressed as a percentage of the specified elongation 3.11 permanent deformation ratio of un-recovered extension of the test specimen after cycling to its

23、 initial length, expressed as a percentage 3.12 force decay loss of force measured over time when a test specimen is stretched to a specified elongation or extension and held at this position for a given time period 4 Principle The measurements are performed on an individual fibre. A fibre is cycled

24、 between the gauge length and a specified elongation at a constant rate for an agreed number of cycles. The fibre can be maintained at the specified elongation or at the gauge length for a specific period of time. Its elasticity is determined by measuring certain physical characteristics. 5 Apparatu

25、s 5.1 Pretension device Pretension device able to apply (0,010 0,005) cN/tex on the individual test specimen. NOTE Pretension may be applied using masses with discontinuous values (e.g. adhesive paper or clips) or using a high-resolution load cells. 5.2 Tensile testing machine The constant-rate-of-e

26、xtension (CRE) testing machine shall conform to the following. a) The tensile testing machine shall be provided with the means for indicating or recording the force and elongation values when cycling between gauge length and either a fixed load or fixed extension. Under conditions of use, the accura

27、cy of the apparatus shall be at least class 1 of EN ISO 7500-1. The error of BS EN 15930:2010EN 15930:2010 (E) 6 the indicated or recorded maximum force at any point in the range in which the machine is used shall not exceed 1 %, and the error of the indicated or recorded jaw separation shall not ex

28、ceed 1 mm. b) If recording of force or elongation is obtained by means of data acquisition boards and software, the frequency of data collection shall be at least eight per second. c) The machine shall be capable of constant rates of extension from (20,0 0,5) mm/min to (50,0 0,5) mm/min. d) The mach

29、ine shall be capable of variable gauge length settings from (20,0 0,5) mm to (50,0 0,5) mm. e) The clamping or holding devices shall be positioned with the centre in line with the applied force. The jaws shall be capable of holding the test specimen without allowing it to slip and designed so that t

30、hey do not cut or otherwise weaken the test specimen. 6 Atmosphere of conditioning and testing Samples shall be conditioned in a tension free state for at least 16 h in the standard atmosphere according to EN ISO 139. Testing shall be performed in this standard atmosphere. 7 Sampling The sampling of

31、 the fibres to be tested from staple fibres, from yarns or from fabrics shall be according to EN 12751. 8 Preparation of the test specimens 8.1 Preparation from staples In order to isolate one fibre first open very carefully the sample in a direction perpendicular to the local fibre orientation, tak

32、ing care to apply the force at two points sufficiently distant to allow free fibre movements necessary to disentangle the fibre mass. In the middle of the small web thus created extract one fibre by using tweezers. There shall be no resistance. If there is any entanglement, first open this entanglem

33、ent by pulling the fibres sideways before extracting. Avoid stretching a fibre, even lightly, by drawing it by one of its ends. Once separated, the fibre can be pinched at one of its ends for handling. 8.2 Preparation from yarns For all types of yarns (e.g. monofilament or fused multifilament alone,

34、 fused multifilament in core spun e.g. elastane -, multifilament, etc.), take randomly at least five lengths (approx. 20 cm) from the yarn package. BS EN 15930:2010EN 15930:2010 (E) 7 8.3 Preparation from fabrics For all types of fabric, remove at least five threads (approx. 20 cm) in the production

35、 direction (i.e. warp direction for woven fabric, wales direction for knitted fabric) and/or in the perpendicular production direction (i.e. weft direction for woven fabric and courses direction for knitted fabric). 9 Procedure 9.1 Determination of the linear density Determine the linear density tes

36、ting according to EN ISO 1973 using only the gravimetric method. NOTE In the case of crimped fibres, the crimp should be removed in order to determine the length. 9.2 Number of results for determination of the elasticity properties Determine at least five results. 9.3 Determination of the pretension

37、 Based on the determination of the linear density, calculate the pretension force to be applied using a pretension of 0,01 cN/tex. When applicable (in the case of the use of discontinuous values of pretension masses), choose the nearest pretension mass to fix onto the fibre in vertical position. 9.4

38、 Determination of the elasticity 9.4.1 General Set the gauge length to 50 mm. If it cannot be achieved, then set to 20 mm. Set the testing speed at 100 % of the gauge length/minute (i.e. 50 mm/min for gauge length 50 mm). Zero the load cell with the grips in position and the jaw faces closed, prior

39、to testing. NOTE See Figure 1 for illustration of the elongation-force curve and the position of the pretension point. BS EN 15930:2010EN 15930:2010 (E) 8 Key 1 extension (mm) axis 2 force (cN) axis 3 pretension (cN) 4 EspecFigure 1 Example of force/elongation curve 9.4.2 Determination of the elasti

40、city with exercising 9.4.2.1 Description of the cycles The fibre is extended at a constant rate to a specified elongation and is maintained for a specified time, then the fibre is relaxed to the initial length and maintained for the same specified time. This cycle is applied again 2 times (Figure 2

41、illustrates the cycles by the curve extension in function of time). A 4thload cycle is applied past the specified pretension in order to determine the recovery extension Erec(Figure 3 illustrates this point). If the force decay is required, the 3rdcycle is taken into account for the calculation (Fig

42、ure 4 illustrates this determination). BS EN 15930:2010EN 15930:2010 (E) 9 Key 1 time (s) axis 2 extension (mm) axis 3 F14 F25 point “P“ Figure 2 Curve extension in function of the time BS EN 15930:2010EN 15930:2010 (E) 10 Key 1 extension (mm) axis 2 force (cN) axis 3 1stcycle (beginning) 4 4thcycle

43、 (beginning) 5 pretension 6 point “P“ 7 initial length 8 ErecFigure 3 Determination of the extension (regarding Point “P“ at the pretension force) on the 4thcycle BS EN 15930:2010EN 15930:2010 (E) 11 Key 1 time (s) axis 2 force (cN) axis 3 F14 F25 specified times (s) 6 force decay Figure 4 Determina

44、tion of the force decay at the 3rdcycle 9.4.2.2 Setting of the testing parameters Set the following testing parameters: specified elongation at 50 % (i.e. for a gauge length of 50 mm, specified elongation of 50 % represents 25 mm); specified time at 60 s; specified pretension at 0,01 cN/tex. 10 Calc

45、ulation and expression of the results 10.1 Calculation of the elastic recovery Elastic recovery is calculated according to the following formula: BS EN 15930:2010EN 15930:2010 (E) 12 100EEERecovery Elasticspecrecspec= , expressed in percentage, where Especis the specified extension of the fibre, exp

46、ressed in mm, Erecis the extension determined at the specified pretension on the 4thcycle (recovery extension), expressed in mm. Based on the individual values, calculate the arithmetic mean value and the standard deviation. 10.2 Calculation of the permanent deformation Permanent deformation is calc

47、ulated according to the following formula: 100LEn DeformatioPermanent initrec= , expressed in percentage, where, Erecis the extension determined at the specified pretension on the 4thcycle (recovery extension), expressed in mm, Linitis the initial length at the specified pretension on the 1stcycle,

48、expressed in mm. Based on the individual values, calculate the arithmetic mean value and the standard deviation. 10.3 Calculation of the force decay (optional) Force decay is calculated according to the following formula: 100FFFDecay Force121= , expressed in percentage, where, F1is the first force a

49、t the maximum extension on the 3rdcycle (measured at 1 s after the beginning of the 3rdcycle), expressed in cN, F2is the last force at the maximum extension on the 3rdcycle (measured at 1s before the end of the specified time of the 3rdcycle), expressed in cN. Based on the individual values, calculate the arithmetic mean value and the standard deviation. 11 Test report The test report shall include the following information: a) Reference to this standard; b) All details necess