EN 2824-2011 en Aerospace series - Burning behaviour of non-metallic materials under the influence of radiating heat and flames - Determination of smoke density and gas components .pdf

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1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 2824:2011Aerospace series Burningbehaviour of non-metallicmaterials under the influenceof radiating heat and flames Determination of smokedensity and gas componentsin the s

2、moke of materials Test equipment apparatus andmediaBS EN 2824:2011 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 2824:2011.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee ACE/65, Non-metallic materials for aerospace purposes(excludi

3、ng textiles).A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2011ISBN 978 0 580 73666 7ICS 13.220.40; 49.025.

4、99Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2011.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 2824:2011EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EURO

5、PENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 2824 November 2011 ICS 13.220.40; 49.025.99 English Version Aerospace series - Burning behaviour of non-metallic materials under the influence of radiating heat and flames - Determination of smoke density and gas components in the smoke of materials - Test equipment apparatu

6、s and media Srie arospatiale - Comportement au feu des matriaux non-mtalliques sous laction de chaleur rayonnante et de flammes - Dtermination de la densit de fume et des composants des gaz de fume des matriaux - quipement, appareils et moyens dessai Luft- und Raumfahrt - Brandverhalten nichtmetalli

7、scher Werkstoffe unter Einwirkung von strahlender Wrme und Flammen - Bestimmung der Rauchdichte und der Rauchgaskomponenten von Werkstoffen - Prfeinrichtung Prfgerte und Prfmittel This European Standard was approved by CEN on 12 February 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Int

8、ernal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to an

9、y CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official v

10、ersions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia,

11、 Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for

12、CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 2824:2011: EBS EN 2824:2011EN 2824:2011 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Apparatus .4 3.1 General 4 3.2 Test chamber 5 3.3 Radiant heat furnace .5 3.4 Specimen holder 5 3.5 Photometric system 5 3.6 Radiometer .6 3.7 Thermocouple 6

13、3.8 Manometer for chamber pressure measurements .6 3.9 Burner .6 3.10 Gas sampling probes 6 3.11 Plastic bags for gas sampling 7 3.12 Vacuum chamber .7 3.13 Vacuum pump 7 3.14 Alternative gas sampling methods 7 3.15 Colorimetric tubes .7 3.16 Dosing pump 7 3.17 Ancillary equipment for wet analysis 7

14、 4 Cleaning of the test chamber .8 5 Specimens 8 5.1 Number of specimens .8 5.2 Conditioning .8 5.3 Dimensions and shape of specimens .8 5.4 Specimen mounting.8 BS EN 2824:2011EN 2824:2011 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 2824:2011) has been prepared by the Aerospace and Defence Industries Associati

15、on of Europe - Standardization (ASD-STAN). After enquiries and votes carried out in accordance with the rules of this Association, this Standard has received the approval of the National Associations and the Official Services of the member countries of ASD, prior to its presentation to CEN. This Eur

16、opean Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements o

17、f this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European

18、 Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the U

19、nited Kingdom. BS EN 2824:2011EN 2824:2011 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard defines the test equipment, apparatus and media required for determination of the smoke density according to EN 2825 and the concentration of the gas components in the smoke according to EN 2826 due to pyrolitic decompos

20、ition of solid materials and composite materials of up to 25 mm in thickness under the influence of radiant heat only or with simultaneous flame application. This test method applies exclusively to materials whose specific standard requires this type of test. It cannot be substituted for the statuto

21、ry tests required for a final specific use of the material concerned. NOTE The smoke gas density and the gas components in the smoke are determined according to the specific environmental and test conditions defined in this standard, in EN 2825 and EN 2826. No studies have been made up to now to det

22、ermine whether the results can be transferred to differing conditions, particularly to actual fire conditions. The inhalatory toxical risk and irritancy affect cannot be assessed by merely measuring the concentration of individual gas components in the smoke. 2 Normative references The following ref

23、erenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 2743, Aerospace series Fibre reinforced plastics Standard proce

24、dures for conditioning prior to testing unaged materials EN 2825, Aerospace series Burning behaviour of non metallic materials under the influence of radiating heat and flames Determination of smoke density EN 2826, Aerospace series Burning behaviour of non metallic materials under the influence of

25、radiating heat and flames Determination of gas components in the smoke ISO 2768-1, General tolerances Part 1: Tolerances for linear and angular dimensions without individual tolerance indications ISO 2768-2, General tolerances Part 2: Geometrical tolerances for features without individual tolerance

26、indications 3 Apparatus 3.1 General The test equipment comprises the test chamber described in 3.2, incorporating the devices specified in 3.3 to 3.9, as well as the ancillary equipment as detailed in 3.10 to 3.17. BS EN 2824:2011EN 2824:2011 (E) 5 3.2 Test chamber See Figure 1. The test chamber sha

27、ll be designed to provide inside dimensions of (914 610 914) mm 3 mm for width, depth, and height respectively. The interior surfaces shall consist of porcelain-enamelled metal or equivalent coated metal resistant to chemical attack and corrosion, and suitable for cleaning. Panels of 10 mm thickness

28、 of porcelain-enamelled steel (interior surface) laminated to a heat-resistant core and backed with corrosion-resistant steel (exterior surface) have been found suitable. Sealed windows shall be provided to accomodate a vertical photometric system. All other chamber penetrations shall also be sealed

29、. When all openings are closed, the chamber shall be capable of developing and maintaining positive pressure during the test period. In order to avoid an excessive increase of pressure in the chamber during testing an airtight safety disc is required, e. g. a sheet of aluminium foil of thickness not

30、 greater than 0,04 mm and a minimum area of 800 cm2shall be provided in an opening of the chamber floor. 3.3 Radiant heat furnace See Figure 2. The furnace shall be located according to Figure 3 equidistant from the front and back of the test chamber. The furnace control system shall maintain the re

31、quired irradiance level of (25,0 0,5) kW/m2on the specimen surface for 20 min under steady-state conditions with the chamber door closed (to be demonstrated in calibration). The control system shall consist of a variable transformer or an equivalent control device, and a voltmeter or other means for

32、 monitoring the electrical input. Where line voltage fluctuations exceed 2,5 %, a constant-voltage transformer is required to maintain the prescribed irradiance level. 3.4 Specimen holder Stops have to be provided to center the specimen accurately in front of the furnace. Figure 4 shows the construc

33、tion of the holder. Two wires have to be placed in front of the specimen. 3.5 Photometric system 3.5.1 The photometric system shall conform to Figure 5. The light path shall be oriented vertically to reduce influences resulting from stratification of the smoke generated by materials under test. The

34、system shall conform to 3.5.2 to 3.5.4. 3.5.2 The light source shall be a 6 V incandescent lamp, operated at a fixed voltage to provide a brightness temperature of (2 200 100) K. The light source shall be located in a sealed and light-tight box. This box shall contain the necessary optics to provide

35、 a collimated light beam of about 50 mm diameter passing vertically through the chamber. 3.5.3 A photomultiplier with a spectral sensitivity rating of S-4 and a dark current of less than 10-9A shall be used. For amplification, a multirange amplifier shall be used, suitable to measure continuously th

36、e relative light intensity in percentage transmission over at least five orders of magnitude. The system shall have a linear response with respect to transmittance and an accuracy of 3 % of the maximum reading on any range. A set of nine gelatin compensating filters varying from 0,1 to 0,9 neutral d

37、ensity is mounted in a number of one or more as required in the optical measuring system to provide for correction of light source or photomultiplier aging and reduction in light transmission through discoloured or abraded optical windows. A light-tight box located directly opposite the light source

38、 shall be provided to mount the photodetector housing and the associated optics. A glass window shall be used to isolate the photodetector and its optics from the chamber atmosphere. BS EN 2824:2011EN 2824:2011 (E) 6 3.5.4 In addition to the compensating filter as per 3.5.3, a neutral density filter

39、 ND-2 (grey filter) for extending the measuring range up to the optical density 6 is incorporated in the smoke density chamber. Where values of smoke density Ds 500 are measured, it may be necessary to provide a chamber window cover to prevent room light from being scattered into the photomultiplier

40、 and thus an incorrect higher transmission value. 3.6 Radiometer The radiometer according to Figure 6 for standardizing the output of the radiant heat furnace shall be of the circular foil type 1). It shall have a stainless steel reflective heat shield with an aperture of about 38 mm on the front an

41、d a finned cooler mounted on the rear, to which compressed air is supplied in order to maintain a constant radiometer body temperature of (93 3) C. The radiometer shall be connected directly to a recorder suitable for recording an irradiance signal of 25,0 kW/m2to an accuracy of 0,5 kW/m2. 3.7 Therm

42、ocouple A thermocouple shall be fixed to the centre of the inner surface of the chamber wall opposite the door. 3.8 Manometer for chamber pressure measurements A U-tube manometer with a range up to 1 490 Pa water column shall be provided according to Figure 7 in order to monitor chamber pressure and

43、 leakage. The pressure measurement point shall be mounted through a 25 mm diameter vent in the chamber. 3.9 Burner A six-tube burner as shown in Figure 8 shall be used for the flaming exposure test. The burner shall be centered in front of and parallel to the specimen holder. The orifices of the two

44、 horizontal tubes shall be centered at (6,4 1,5) mm above the lower opening of the specimen holder and at a distance of (6,4 1,5) mm from the face of the specimen surface. Provision shall be made to move the burner out of the above-described position during non-flaming exposures. The fuel used shall

45、 be propane with a purity of not less than 95 %. Filtered oil-free air and propane shall be fed through calibrated flowmeters and needle valves at (500 20) cm3/min for air and (50 3) cm3/min for propane and premixed prior to the entry into the burner (related to 23 C and 0,1 MPa). NOTE The flowmeter

46、s shall be calibrated at regular frequency. The burner is properly adjusted if the blue flame cone of the horizontal flames is approximately 6 mm long. 3.10 Gas sampling probes The gas sampling is carried out by means of three probes of about 5 mm inside diameter (see Figure 9) reaching into the geo

47、metrical center of the chamber. The distance between the three probes shall not exceed 12 mm. These probes shall be connected to the gas sampling supply lines by means of tube connectors provided at the top side of the test chamber. Lines not in use have to be shut. For direct measurement in the cha

48、mber, a rubber sleeve shall be provided to hold colorimetric test tubes on one of the polypropylene probes inside the chamber. 1) The operation is described by: Gardon R, “An instrument for the measurement of Intense Thermal Radiation“, Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 24, 1953, pp. 366-370. B

49、S EN 2824:2011EN 2824:2011 (E) 7 3.11 Plastic bags for gas sampling The sampling bags shall consist of a plastic film having a high chemical and mechanical resistance. The minimum volume shall be 10 dm3. The gas sampling bags have to be constructed for minimal gas diffusion and water vapour transmissibility so that the gas composition changes by diffusion are negligible. 3.12 Vacuum chamber Gas sampling shall be made in such a manner that the composition of the combustion gases will not be changed. A change in the gas c