EN 12464-2-2014 en Light and lighting - Lighting of work places - Part 2 Outdoor work places《照明设备 工作场所照明 第二部分 室外工作场所》.pdf

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1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 12464-2:2014Light and lighting Lighting of work placesPart 2: Outdoor work placesBS EN 12464-2:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 12464-2:2014. It supersedes BS EN 12464-2:2007 which is withdrawn.The UK participat

2、ion in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee EL/1, Light and lighting applications.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are respo

3、nsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2014.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 82655 9ICS 91.160.20Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standar

4、ds Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2014.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS EN 12464-2:2014EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 12464-2 January 2014 ICS 91.160.20 Supersedes EN 12464-2:2007English Version Light and lighting - Light

5、ing of work places - Part 2: Outdoor work places Lumire et clairage - clairage des lieux de travail - Partie 2: Lieux de travail extrieurs Licht und Beleuchtung - Beleuchtung von Arbeitssttten - Teil 2: Arbeitspltze im Freien This European Standard was approved by CEN on 7 December 2013. CEN members

6、 are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application

7、to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management

8、 Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lit

9、huania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17,

10、B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 12464-2:2014 EBS EN 12464-2:2014EN 12464-2:2014 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 Introduction . 4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions . 5 4 L

11、ighting design criteria . 5 4.1 Luminous environment . 5 4.2 Luminance distribution . 6 4.3 Illuminance . 6 4.3.1 General 6 4.3.2 Illuminance on the task area . 6 4.3.3 Illuminance of surroundings 7 4.3.4 Illuminance grid . 8 4.3.5 Uniformity and diversity 8 4.4 Glare 9 4.4.1 General 9 4.4.2 Glare r

12、ating . 9 4.4.3 Veiling reflections and reflected glare . 10 4.5 Obtrusive light 10 4.6 Directional lighting 11 4.6.1 General 11 4.6.2 Modelling 11 4.6.3 Directional lighting of visual tasks 11 4.7 Colour aspects . 11 4.7.1 General 11 4.7.2 Colour appearance 12 4.7.3 Colour rendering 12 4.8 Flicker

13、and stroboscopic effects 12 4.9 Maintenance factor (MF) . 12 4.10 Energy considerations 13 4.11 Sustainability 13 5 Schedule of lighting requirements . 13 5.1 General 13 5.2 Composition of the Tables 5.1 to 5.15 below 14 5.3 The schedule of areas, tasks and activities 14 5.4 Lighting requirements fo

14、r areas, tasks and activities . 15 6 Verification procedures . 21 6.1 General 21 6.2 Illuminance . 21 6.3 Glare Rating 21 6.4 Colour Rendering Index and colour appearance . 21 6.5 Obtrusive light 21 6.6 Maintenance schedule 21 Annex A (informative) Adeviations 22 Bibliography 23 Index of areas, task

15、s and activities . 24 BS EN 12464-2:2014EN 12464-2:2014 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 12464-2:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 169 “Light and lighting”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by

16、 publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2014. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC

17、shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 12464-2:2007. Significant changes between this document and EN 12464-2:2007 are: a) the terms and definitions were deleted to avoid duplication with EN 12665; b) symbols were aligned with EN 1266

18、5; c) Figure 1 was corrected; d) 4.4.2 “Glare rating”, the reflectance has a default value of = 0,15; e) 4.7.3 “colour rendering”, aligned with EN 12464-1; f) 4.10 “energy considerations”, aligned with EN 12464-1 and extended; g) subclause 5.1, insertion of requirements regarding routine cleaning of

19、 work spaces; h) Table 5.1 “General requirements for areas and for cleaning at outdoor work places”, title changed and new activity added; i) Table 5.12 “Railways and tramways”, updated and extended; j) Clause 6 “Verification procedures”, revised and harmonized with EN 12464-1. EN 12464, Light and l

20、ighting - Lighting of work places consists of the following parts: Part 1: Indoor work places Part 2: Outdoor work places According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium

21、, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerla

22、nd, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 12464-2:2014EN 12464-2:2014 (E) 4 Introduction To enable people to perform outdoor visual tasks efficiently and accurately, especially during the night, adequate and appropriate lighting should be provided. The degree of visibility and comfort required in a w

23、ide range of outdoor work places is governed by the type and duration of activity. This standard specifies requirements for lighting of tasks in most outdoor work places and their associated areas in terms of quantity and quality of illumination. In addition recommendations are given for good lighti

24、ng practice. It is important that all clauses of the standard are followed although the specific requirements are tabulated in the schedule of lighting requirements (see Clause 5). BS EN 12464-2:2014EN 12464-2:2014 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies lighting requirements for outdoor work

25、 places, which meet the needs for visual comfort and performance. All usual visual tasks are considered. This European Standard is not applicable for emergency lighting; see EN 1838 and EN 13032-3. This European Standard does not specify lighting requirements with respect to the safety and health of

26、 workers at work and has not been prepared in the field of application of Article 153 of the EC treaty, although the lighting requirements, as specified in this standard, usually fulfil safety needs. Lighting requirements with respect to the safety and health of workers at work may be contained in D

27、irectives based on Article 153 of the EC treaty, in national legislation of member states implementing these directives or in other national legislation of member states. This European Standard neither provides specific solutions, nor restricts the designers freedom from exploring new techniques nor

28、 restricts the use of innovative equipment. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of

29、the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 12665:2011, Light and lighting - Basic terms and criteria for specifying lighting requirements EN 13201-2, Road lighting - Part 2: Performance requirements EN 13201-3, Road lighting - Part 3: Calculation of performance ISO 3864-1, Graphi

30、cal symbols - Safety colours and safety signs - Part 1: Design principles for safety signs and safety markings 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 12665:2011 apply. 4 Lighting design criteria 4.1 Luminous environment For good lighting prac

31、tice it is essential that, in addition to the required illuminance, other qualitative and quantitative needs are satisfied. Lighting requirements are determined by the satisfaction of three basic human needs: visual comfort, where the workers have a feeling of well-being; in an indirect way also con

32、tributing to a high productivity level, visual performance, where the workers are able to perform their visual tasks, even under difficult circumstances and during longer periods, safety. Main parameters determining the luminous environment are: luminance distribution, BS EN 12464-2:2014EN 12464-2:2

33、014 (E) 6 illuminance, glare, directionality of light, colour rendering and colour appearance of the light, flicker. Values for illuminance and its uniformity, discomfort glare and colour rendering index are given in Clause 5; other parameters are described in Clause 4. NOTE Intentionally improved a

34、nd designed luminous environment, glare-free illumination, good colour rendering, high contrast markings and optical and tactile guiding systems can improve visibility and sense of direction and locality. See CIE 196:2011. In addition to the lighting, there are other visual ergonomic parameters whic

35、h influence visual performance, such as: the intrinsic task properties (size, shape, position, colour and reflectance properties of detail and background), ophthalmic capacity of the person (visual acuity, depth perception, colour perception), Attention to these factors can enhance visual performanc

36、e without the need for higher illuminance. 4.2 Luminance distribution The luminance distribution in the visual field controls the adaptation level of the eyes, which affects task visibility. A well balanced luminance distribution is needed to increase: visual acuity (sharpness of vision), contrast s

37、ensitivity (discrimination of small relative luminance differences), efficiency of the ocular functions (such as accommodation, convergence, pupillary contraction, eye movements). The luminance distribution in the visual field also affects visual comfort. Sudden changes in luminance should be avoide

38、d. 4.3 Illuminance 4.3.1 General The illuminance and its distribution on the task area and the surrounding area have a great impact on how quickly, safely and comfortably a person perceives and carries out the visual task. All values of illuminances specified in this standard are maintained illumina

39、nces and will provide for visual comfort, visual performance and safety needs. All illuminance average and uniformity values are dependent upon the grid definition (see 4.3.4). 4.3.2 Illuminance on the task area The values given in Clause 5 are maintained illuminances over the task area on the refer

40、ence surface, which may be horizontal, vertical or inclined. The average illuminance for each task shall not fall below the value given in Clause 5, regardless of the age and condition of the installation. BS EN 12464-2:2014EN 12464-2:2014 (E) 7 The values are valid for normal visual conditions and

41、take into account the following factors: psycho-physiological aspects such as visual comfort and well-being, requirements for visual tasks, visual ergonomics, practical experience, safety, economy. The value of illuminance may be adjusted by at least one step in the scale of illuminances (see below)

42、, if the visual conditions differ from the normal assumptions. A factor of approximately 1,5 represents the smallest significant difference in subjective effect of illuminance. The recommended scale of illuminance (in lx) is: 5 10 15 20 30 50 75 100 150 200 300 500 750 1 000 1 500 2 000 The required

43、 maintained illuminance should be increased, when: visual work is critical, visual task or worker is moving, errors are costly to rectify, accuracy or higher productivity is of great importance, the visual capacity of the worker is below normal, task details are of unusually small size or low contra

44、st, the task is undertaken for an unusually long time. The required maintained illuminance may be decreased when: task details are of an unusually large size or high contrast, the task is undertaken for an unusually short time or on only rare occasions. 4.3.3 Illuminance of surroundings The illumina

45、nce of surrounding areas shall be related to the illuminance of the task area and should provide a well-balanced luminance distribution in the visual field. Large spatial variations in illuminances around the task area may lead to visual stress and discomfort. The illuminance of the surrounding area

46、s may be lower than the task illuminance but shall be not less than the values given in Table 1. The surrounding area should be a band with a width of at least 2 m around the task area within the visual field. BS EN 12464-2:2014EN 12464-2:2014 (E) 8 Table 1 Relationship of illuminances of surroundin

47、g areas to task area Task illuminance lx Illuminance of surrounding areas lx 500 300 200 150 50 mE 100 50 100 75 50 30 20 no specification In addition to the task illuminance the lighting shall provide adequate adaptation luminance in accordance with 4.2. 4.3.4 Illuminance grid A grid system shall b

48、e created for the task and surrounding areas to indicate the points at which the illuminance values are calculated and verified. Grids approximating a square are preferred, the ratio of length to width of a grid cell shall be kept between 0,5 and 2 (see also EN 12193). The maximum grid size shall be

49、: dplog105 0,2 = (1) where d is the longer dimension of the area, in m, if the ratio of the longer to the shorter side is less than 2, otherwise d is the shorter dimension of the area; and p is the maximum grid cell size in m. The value of p should be that p 10 m. NOTE Formula (1) (coming from CIE x005:1992) has been derived under the assumption that p is proportional to d10log , where: p = 0,2 m for d = 1 m; p = 1 m for d = 10 m; p = 5 m for d = 100 m. 4.3.5 Uniformity