BS ISO 8058-1999 Air cargo Insulated containers Thermal efficiency requirements《航空货运 隔热集装箱 热效率要求》.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARD AEROSPACE SERIES BS ISO 8058:1999 Air cargo Insulated containers Thermal efficiency requirements ICS55.180.30BSISO8058:1999 This BritishStandard, having been prepared under the directionof the Engineering SectorCommittee, was publishedunder the authorityofthe Standards Committee and

2、comes intoeffecton 15August1999 BSI03-2000 ISBN 0 580 32857 0 National foreword This BritishStandard reproduces verbatim ISO8058:1999 and implements it as the UK national standard. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee ACE/57, Aircraft cargo systems and ground

3、equipment, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and

4、promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The BritishStandards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under th

5、e section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct applic

6、ation. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi andii, theISO title page, pagesii toiv, pages1 to8 and abackcover. This standard has been updated (see copyright

7、date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBSISO8058:1999 BSI 03-2000 i Contents Page National foreword Inside front cover Foreword iii Text of ISO8058 1ii blankBSI

8、SO8058:1999 ii BSI 03-2000 Contents Page Foreword iii Introduction 1 1 Scope 1 2 Normative reference 1 3 Design considerations 1 4 Pressurization 2 4.1 General conditions 2 4.2 Pressure equalization 2 4.3 Blow-out panel 2 5 Airtightness tests 2 6 Thermal test 3 7 Markings 6 Annex A (informative) Tem

9、perature measurement conversion table 8 Figure 1 Outside air temperature measurement points 4 Figure 2 Inside air temperature measurement points 5 Table 1 3 Table 2 3 Table 3 3 Table A.1 8BSISO8058:1999 BSI 03-2000 iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide

10、federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that c

11、ommittee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by th

12、e technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least75% of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO8058 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC20, Aircraft and space vehicles, Subcommittee

13、 SC9, Air cargo and ground equipment. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO8058:1985), which has been technically revised. Annex A of this International Standard is for information only.iv blankBSISO8058:1999 BSI 03-2000 1 Introduction This International Standard specifies

14、thermal efficiency requirements for air cargo insulated containers of all sizes. This International Standard does not in any way cancel or reduce the status of the specifications which determine airworthiness, industry, ground handling or any other characteristics of the units. In preparing this Int

15、ernational Standard for compatibility and guidance purposes, the requirements of ISO1496-2:1996, Series1 freight containers Specification and testing Part2:Thermal containers, have been taken into account as far as procedures for measuring the thermal efficiency are concerned. 1 Scope This Internati

16、onal Standard specifies the minimum operational requirements for thermal efficiency to ensure that perishable cargoes in insulated standard airborne containers are kept in prime condition during the ground handling and air transportation cycle for a maximum period of36h. It is applicable to all insu

17、lated air cargo containers irrespective of their size and designation. It does not provide details concerning refrigerated or heated containers and/or the methods and equipment used to obtain the required thermal effect, such as cryogenic, gaseous or liquid fluids, or mechanical compressors/heaters.

18、 NOTE 1The term “perishable cargo” refers, for example, to dairy produce, fruit, vegetables, flowers, frozen foods, meat, fish, etc., requiring maintenance of specific temperature ranges during door-to-door transportation involving air transport. NOTE 2It should be noted that throughout this documen

19、t environmental (atmospheric) temperatures are expressed in commercial values of degrees Celsius/Fahrenheit( C/ F) and technical (scientific) temperatures are expressed in the International Standard measure, kelvin (K). A temperature conversion table is given for convenience in Annex A. 2 Normative

20、reference The following standard contains provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publication, the edition indicated was valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International

21、Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the standard indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO11242:1996, Aircraft Pressure equalization requirements for cargo containers. 3 Design

22、considerations 3.1 In the design of the container, careful consideration shall be given to the contribution of conduction, convection, radiation and air leakage to the overall thermal efficiency of the unit. At the same time, an optimum balance between insulation, structure, cost and weight shall be

23、 a constant design goal. 3.2 The overall temperature range for perishable commodities may be anywhere between+20C(+68 F) and25C( 13 F) during the transport cycle. 3.2.1 During this period of door-to-door transportation, the container may be subjected to outside ambient temperature with extremes of+4

24、5C(+113 F) and50C(58 F) and a relative humidity of up to100%. 3.2.2 For design purposes, the container shall perform its protective function within an outside temperature variation, %T, within the range of temperature exposure extremes stated in3.2.1, of53C(95 F) so as to allow for temperature drops

25、 and rises occurring between origin and destination in the air transport cycle. 3.3 Although no specific test is specified in clause6 for thermal radiation, consideration should be given to commonly encountered environments wherein radiant energy exchange can be minimized. 3.4 The container shall be

26、 free of sharp corners and/or crevices which might collect dirt, spillage or odours. No pockets shall exist in the cargo loading space that cannot be reached by conventional cleaning methods. 3.5 The construction shall be such that spillage collects during the transport cycle but runs off during flu

27、shing and/or washing. Adequate provision shall be made to ensure that cleaning water can satisfactorily drain from the inside of the container. 3.6 Materials used for the container structure, the interior surfaces and the insulation shall absorb neither moisture nor odours and shall not be functiona

28、lly affected by daily washing.BSISO8058:1999 2 BSI 03-2000 3.6.1 Methods of washing shall include flushing using a pressure hose at689kPa (100lbf/in 2 ),343K temperature and strong detergents. Washing may also be carried out by steam cleaning at383K. 3.6.2 When washed, the container shall not requir

29、e the use of odour-neutralizing chemicals. 3.6.3 The container shall withstand freezing temperatures while wet immediately following washing. All valves, seals, doors and controls shall remain operative. 3.6.4 Material used on the inside of the container, thus potentially coming in contact with food

30、s and/or pharmaceutical goods, shall be neutral to these cargoes and shall meet applicable sanitary standards. 4 Pressurization 4.1 General conditions Containers shall be closed at differing terminal altitudes. The critical condition shall be at sea level. Operationally, the container could be subje

31、cted to either internal positive or negative pressure. Careful attention to the design of equalization devices (if any) and all seals is important in the control of air leakage heat transfer. 4.2 Pressure equalization Further to4.1, if the design of door seals is not adequate to relieve pressure, a

32、pressure equalization device should be installed for two-way equalization. This pressure relief device should be set to operate at3,45kPa to6,89kPa(0,5lbf/in 2to1lbf/in 2 ) pressure differentials. 4.3 Blow-out panel To compensate for the unique exposure to rapid decompression of a container transpor

33、ted by air, a blow-out panel, or equivalent device, conforming to ISO11242:1996,6.3, shall be provided. It shall be installed in such a manner that it will not damage aircraft structure or systems or cause injury in the event of its operation. NOTEThe decompression parameter is based on an event las

34、ting1s, involving an ambient pressure change from81kPa(11,8lbf/in 2 ) to15kPa(2,14lbf/in 2 ). 5 Airtightness tests 5.1 The container shall be subjected to tests to determine the air leakage rate. These shall be carried out after completion of the applicable operational or limit load tests (if any) r

35、equired in other specifications related to the specific container involved. 5.2 The temperature inside and outside the container shall be stabilized within3K of each other and shall both be within the range of288K to298K. The container shall be empty and in its normal operational condition with the

36、access doors closed in the normal manner. Any drain openings shall be closed. 5.3 Air shall be introduced through an accurate metering device and a suitable manometer shall be connected to the container by a leakproof connection. The manometer shall not be part of the air supply system. The flow-mea

37、suring device shall be accurate to 3% of the measured flow rate, and the manometer on the container shall be accurate to5%. 5.4 Air shall be admitted to the container to raise its internal pressure to0,25kPa 0,01kPa (0,036lbf/in 2 0,0015lbf/in 2 ) and the air supply regulated to maintain this pressu

38、re. 5.4.1 The air leakage rate, expressed in standard atmospheric conditions, should be no more than the values given in Table 1, i.e.40% of the internal volume per hour. If the measured air leakage is equal to or less than the values given in Table 1, the heat transfer results determined in the the

39、rmal test (see clause6) shall be reported without correction for air leakage. 5.4.2 If the measured air leakage exceeds the values in Table 1, but is no more than the values given in Table 2, then the U values measured in the thermal test shall be increased by the correction values given in Table 3.

40、 5.5 The air pressure shall be increased to between3,45kPa and6,89kPa(0,5lbf/in 2to1lbf/in 2 ) internal pressure. The pressure relief device, or door seal expulsion, shall operate within the positive differential range of3,45kPa to6,89kPa(0,5lbf/in 2to1lbf/in 2 ). 5.6 Upon completion of the tests de

41、scribed in5.2 to5.5, there shall be no permanent deformation and the container shall be fully operational. Closures, seals and pressure equalization device shall be intact and functional. BSISO8058:1999 BSI 03-2000 3 Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 6 Thermal test 6.1 The test is performed to establish the o

42、verall heat transfer rate, U, (see6.5) and thermal transmission factor, K, (see6.1.4) of the container. The container shall be tested in the exact configuration intended for use. Any options or component configuration alternatives shall be tested in a separate test and appropriately specified, when

43、applicable, in the container performance data on the marking plate described in clause7. 6.1.1 The U factor applies to only one type of container, and allows the user to easily determine the thermal transfer rate by multiplying the factor by the temperature differential between inside and outside th

44、e container. The K factor allows comparison of the insulation performance of a variety of containers with different sizes and contours. 6.1.2 The heat leakage shall be expressed by the total heat transfer rate, U , which is given by the formula 6.1.3 The mean wall temperature, , shall be expressed i

45、n kelvin; by convention: Size of container m 3 4,53 5,09 7,08 10,05 8,49 to12,74 17,69 16,99 32,16 ft 3 160 180 250 355 300 to450 625 600 1136 Typical units LD-3 LD-1 LD-5 LD-9 Igloos 96 125 10ft 20ft Air leakage rate m 3 /h 1,8 2 2,8 4 3,4 to5 7,1 6,8 12,8 ft 3 /h 64 72 100 142 120 to180 250 240 45

46、5 Size of container m 3 4,53 5,09 7,08 10,05 8,49 to12,74 17,69 16,99 32,16 ft 3 160 180 250 355 300 to450 625 600 1136 Typical units LD-3 LD-1 LD-5 LD-9 Igloos 96 125 10ft 20ft Air leakage rate m 3 /h 3,6 4 5,6 8 6,8 to10 14,2 13,6 25,6 ft 3 /h 128 144 200 284 240 to360 500 480 910 Size of containe

47、r m 3 4,53 5,09 7,08 10,05 8,49 to12,74 17,69 16,99 32,16 ft 3 160 180 250 355 300 to450 625 600 1136 Typical units LD-3 LD-1 LD-5 LD-9 Igloos 96 125 10ft 20ft Correction W/K 0,15 0,16 0,24 0,32 0,28 to0,44 0,6 0,56 1,24 where U is the total heat transfer rate, in watts per kelvin a ; Q is the power

48、 dissipated or absorbed by the operation of internal heaters and fans or internal cooling units, in watts; e is the average outside temperature, in kelvin, which shall be the arithmetic mean of the temperatures recorded at the end of each test interval (see6.4.7) and measured100mm from the walls, at

49、 least at the12 points specified in6.3.2 and shown in Figure 1; i is the average inside temperature, in kelvin; which shall be the arithmetic mean of the temperatures recorded at the end of each test interval (see6.4.7) and measured100mm from the walls, at least at the12 points specified in6.3.1 and shown in Figure 2. a 1W/K=0,556W/F=0,860 kcal/(h C)=1,895 Btu/(h F)BSISO8058:1999 4 BSI 03-2000 Figure 1 Outside air temperature measurement pointsBSISO8058:1999 BSI 03-2000 5 6.1.4 The coefficient of heat transfer, K, express