BS ISO 22538-6-2010 Space systems Oxygen safety Facility planning and implementation《航天系统 氧气安全 设备规划与实施》.pdf

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1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS ISO 22538-6:2010Space systems OxygensafetyPart 6: Facility planning and implementationBS ISO 22538-6:2010 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK impl

2、ementation of ISO 22538-6:2010.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee ACE/68, Space systems and operations.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necess

3、aryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2010ISBN 978 0 580 53677 9ICS 49.140Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee

4、 on 31 August 2010.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO 22538-6:2010Reference numberISO 22538-6:2010(E)ISO 2010INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO22538-6First edition2010-08-01Space systems Oxygen safety Part 6: Facility planning and implementation Systmes spatiaux Scurit des systmes d

5、oxygne Partie 6: Planification et mise en oeuvre des quipements BS ISO 22538-6:2010ISO 22538-6:2010(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are em

6、bedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobes licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporate

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8、oblem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2010 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, inc

9、luding photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Publi

10、shed in Switzerland ii ISO 2010 All rights reservedBS ISO 22538-6:2010ISO 22538-6:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword .v Introductionvi 1 Scope1 2 Normative references1 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms1 3.1 Terms and definitions .1 3.2 Abbreviated terms .1 4 Plan

11、ning and implementation 2 4.1 Planning2 4.2 Environmental review .2 4.3 Vapour cloud dispersion 2 4.4 Fire/explosive protection2 4.5 Quantity-distance relationships.2 4.6 Facility design guidelines.2 5 Hazards and reviews.3 5.1 Hazards.3 5.2 Hazards analysis .4 6 Storage systems4 6.1 Bulk oxygen sys

12、tem4 6.2 GOX location4 6.3 Barriers.5 6.4 Mechanical devices, instruments and operating procedures.5 6.5 LOX location 5 6.6 Storage tanks and impounding areas .5 7 Storage vessels .5 8 Fire protection systems for oxygen-enriched environments .6 8.1 General .6 8.2 Fire-extinguishing systems6 8.3 Fire

13、-extinguishing agents.6 9 Barricades 7 9.1 Need7 9.2 Liquid or vapour travel7 9.3 Storage vessels .7 9.4 Types 7 9.5 Studies and test results7 9.6 Pumps.8 9.7 Location of pressure vessels.8 10 Quantity-distance guidelines for bulk liquid oxygen storage.8 10.1 Criteria 8 10.2 Compatibility groups.8 1

14、0.3 Quantity-distance tables.8 10.4 Incompatible storage 8 10.5 Explosive equivalent.8 10.6 Inhabited buildings and public traffic routes .9 11 Quantity distance guidelines for bulk gaseous oxygen storage9 11.1 General guidelines 9 BS ISO 22538-6:2010ISO 22538-6:2010(E) iv ISO 2010 All rights reserv

15、ed11.2 Protective structures.10 12 Oxygen detection.10 12.1 Decision making 10 12.2 Oxygen detection and monitoring system10 12.3 Approval .11 12.4 Planning requirements11 12.5 Location requirements 11 13 Venting and disposal systems .12 13.1 Liquid oxygen disposal.12 13.2 Gaseous oxygen (vapour) ve

16、nting.12 Annex A (informative) Tables.14 Bibliography 19 BS ISO 22538-6:2010ISO 22538-6:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved vForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing Internatio

17、nal Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO

18、, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical com

19、mittees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the

20、possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 22538-6 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 20, Aircraft and space vehicles, Subcommittee SC 14, Space systems and o

21、perations. ISO 22538 consists of the following parts, under the general title Space systems Oxygen safety: Part 1: Design of oxygen systems and components Part 2: Selection of metallic materials for oxygen systems and components Part 3: Selection of non-metallic materials for oxygen systems and comp

22、onents Part 4: Hazards analyses for oxygen systems and components Part 5: Operational and emergency procedures Part 6: Facility planning and implementation BS ISO 22538-6:2010ISO 22538-6:2010(E) vi ISO 2010 All rights reservedIntroduction This part of ISO 22538 describes a process to ensure the prot

23、ection and safety of personnel and equipment associated with oxygen systems and components. BS ISO 22538-6:2010INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22538-6:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 1Space systems Oxygen safety Part 6: Facility planning and implementation 1 Scope This part of ISO 22538 describes a

24、process to ensure the protection and safety of personnel and equipment associated with oxygen systems and components. This part of ISO 22538 applies to ground support equipment, launch vehicles and spacecraft. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the applic

25、ation of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 22538-5, Space systems Oxygen safety Part 5: Operational and emergency procedures 3 Terms, definitions and abbre

26、viated terms 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 22538-5 and the following apply. 3.1.1 revetment facing of masonry for protecting an embankment 3.2 Abbreviated terms GOX gaseous oxygen LOX liquid oxygen NPSP net positive suction pressu

27、re NTP normal temperature and pressure TNT trinitrotoluene BS ISO 22538-6:2010ISO 22538-6:2010(E) 2 ISO 2010 All rights reserved4 Planning and implementation 4.1 Planning Because of the hazards associated with oxygen and oxygen-enriched air, planning for the protection and safety of personnel facili

28、ties and equipment shall start at the initial facility design stages. 4.2 Environmental review An environmental review of liquid oxygen (LOX) and gaseous oxygen (GOX) facilities shall include an understanding of potential environmental effects and how they can be effectively controlled. Situations d

29、uring transportation, storage, transfer, testing and vaporization, where life, health, environment and property may be exposed to substantial hazards, shall be considered. The probability of events occurring and causing spills, the nature of the spills and the risks of fires and explosions shall be

30、included in the evaluation. 4.3 Vapour cloud dispersion Vapour cloud dispersion studies shall be performed, taking into account evaporation rates, cold vapour stability, spill sizes and ground conditions. These studies include the effects of ignition under various stages of developing oxygen-enriche

31、d air-fuel mixtures. 4.4 Fire/explosive protection Various techniques and methods have been developed to provide protection against fires and explosions: a) containers sufficiently strong to withstand explosions; b) venting methods to prevent vessel failures; c) sufficient clearances and separations

32、 between oxygen containers and incompatible materials, storage tanks, plant equipment, buildings and property lines, so that any accident or malfunction has a minimum effect on facility personnel and public safety: these may include protective enclosures such as barricades or cell enclosures; d) ign

33、ition and flame prevention techniques. 4.5 Quantity-distance relationships Quantity-distance relationships are intended as a basic guide in choosing sites and separation distances. Quantity-distance criteria for bulk oxygen storage facilities are intended to provide protection from external fire exp

34、osure. Quantity-distance criteria for oxygen-fuel systems, however, are intended to reduce the effects of fire, explosion, fragmentation and detonation, by keeping the hazard source at a safe distance from people and facilities. 4.6 Facility design guidelines Some general facility design guidelines

35、for oxygen facilities are as follows: a) with a view to managing fires, provide an automatic remote shut-off to isolate critical components from all bulk oxygen supplies; water spray systems shall be provided; b) locate oxygen systems a safe distance from heat or radiation sources; c) limit ignition

36、 sources and provide lightning protection in the form of lightning rods, aerial cable and suitably connected ground rods in all preparation, storage and use areas; all equipment in buildings shall be interconnected and grounded to prevent inducing sparks between equipment during lightning strikes; B

37、S ISO 22538-6:2010ISO 22538-6:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 3d) provide an isolation valve outside of a building that has oxygen lines to close off the oxygen supply; e) anticipate indirect oxygen exposure that may result from system failures; f) avoid venting into confined spaces; g) use the

38、 fewest number of joints possible for piping; h) locate instrumentation and controls so that the system can be inspected, serviced and operated without preventing a hazard to personnel; lighting shall be provided for equipment inspection and safe personnel movement; i) provide sufficient clearance f

39、or vehicles in structures over roads, driveways and accesses: roads, curves and driveways shall have sufficient width and radius to accommodate required vehicles; access shall be provided for the operation and maintenance of safety and control equipment; two exit routes shall be provided from all bu

40、ildings and test cells; j) consideration shall be given to the effect of an oxygen system location, use, size and criticality on the cost of cleaning and inspection procedures (see ISO 14952). 5 Hazards and reviews 5.1 Hazards 5.1.1 Compressor and pump malfunctions Many compressor and pump malfuncti

41、ons have resulted in ignition and fire. The best available materials of construction are often not completely compatible with oxygen and will burn under certain conditions. Problems with centrifugal pumps have included sufficient friction between the rotating parts and the casing to cause ignition,

42、bearing failures and fires. Lubrication also presents problems. Bearing friction tends to vaporize LOX with subsequent failures. Pumps with LOX-lubricated bearings shall maintain liquid at the bearing to prevent friction. Sufficient net positive suction pressure (NPSP) shall be maintained to prevent

43、 cavitation. Consideration shall be given to the installation of a cavitation sensor or downstream thermocouple with anti-shutdown capability to enhance safety. Shaft seals exposed to the atmosphere may condense water and cause pump failures because of ice formation. Installing a purge envelope arou

44、nd this area may prevent this damage from occurring. Pump systems shall have suction screens or filters to keep out particles and to maintain the required cleanliness. The clearance between rotating and stationary parts shall be sufficient to eliminate catching of materials. Suitable devices (strain

45、ers or filters) for arresting contaminants shall be fitted in the intake and discharge lines. The mesh gauge of the strainer or filter shall be smaller than the smallest clearances between impeller and casing. The filter and screen sizes in oxygen systems shall be specified by the engineering or saf

46、ety personnel. The pumps, bearings, seals and screens shall be designed, engineered and cleaned specifically for LOX service. 5.1.2 Liquid oxygen and gaseous oxygen system failure Regulator, valve and mechanical device malfunctions can cause fires and explosions. Piping and valves in vaporization sy

47、stems may fail, causing injury and low-temperature exposures. Combustion of materials in oxygen may occur, resulting in extensive damage from fires and explosions. Valves and high-pressure regulators may fail, usually from improper operation or the presence of foreign materials. Adiabatic compressio

48、n may cause sufficiently high temperatures to ignite soft goods or foreign materials. Regulators shall be placed in operation correctly, and all fittings and connections shall be cleaned for oxygen service. Components of oxygen systems shall be tested for safety and performance. The use of proper ma

49、terials and suitable filters and screens, cleanliness, avoidance of galling in valves and quality control will limit system failures. Piping manifolds shall be sized to prevent excessive back pressure. BS ISO 22538-6:2010ISO 22538-6:2010(E) 4 ISO 2010 All rights reserved5.1.3 Test cell entrances Every entrance into an operating test cell shall be considered dangerous. Authorized personnel shall enter only after conditions within the cell have been determined to be safe. Test cells and buildings in which combu