BS ISO 18512-2008 Soil quality Guidance on long and short term storage of soil samples《土质 土壤样品长和短期储存指南》.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARDBS ISO 18512:2007Soil quality Guidance on long and short term storage of soil samplesICS 13.080.05g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43

2、g55g3g47g36g58BS ISO 18512:2007This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 29 February 2008 BSI 2008ISBN 978 0 580 54121 6National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 18512:2007.The UK participation in its prepar

3、ation was entrusted to Technical Committee EH/4, Soil quality.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.C

4、ompliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsReference numberISO 18512:2007(E)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO18512First edition2007-08-15Soil quality Guidance on long and short term storage of soil samples Qual

5、it du sol Lignes directrices relatives au stockage des chantillons de sol long et court termes BS ISO 18512:2007ii iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 3 4 General comments on soil storage. 3 5 Change in soil properties during st

6、orage 4 6 Storage conditions . 4 6.1 General. 4 6.2 Light . 4 6.3 Temperature 4 6.4 Humidity. 4 6.5 Accessibility, security, documentation and quality control. 5 6.6 Duration of storage. 5 6.7 Containers and quantity of sample stored. 5 6.8 Preparing the samples after storage 5 7 Stepwise scheme 6 8

7、 Step A: Consideration of need for further analysis and duration of storage. 6 9 Step B: Consideration of parameters currently relevant to the study 6 10 Step C: Consideration of parameters which may be of interest in the future 6 11 Step D: Consideration of how each of these parameters may be affec

8、ted by storage conditions 7 11.1 General. 7 11.2 Soil characteristics. 7 11.3 Chemical parameters 7 11.4 Biological tests . 10 12 Step E: Design of storage conditions required to avoid change in sample properties 11 13 Step F: Design of documentation and labelling scheme including sample management

9、11 14 Step G: Estimation of costs for storage and documentation and comparison of these costs with available or expected funding. 11 15 Test report . 12 Annex A (normative) Storage for soil samples . 13 Bibliography . 16 BS ISO 18512:2007iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardiz

10、ation) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be

11、 represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standar

12、ds are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an Intern

13、ational Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 18512 wa

14、s prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190, Soil quality, Subcommittee SC 2, Sampling. BS ISO 18512:2007vIntroduction Many soil investigation programmes require that soil samples be stored for future use. The choice of storage conditions may determine whether or not the samples will be suitable fo

15、r the intended future use. This International Standard gives guidance on choosing conditions for storage of soil samples. BS ISO 18512:2007blank1Soil quality Guidance on long and short term storage of soil samples 1 Scope This International Standard gives guidance on how to store and preserve soil s

16、amples for laboratory determinations and how to prepare them for analysis after storage. Special emphasis is given to maximum storage times as a function of different storage conditions. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.

17、 For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 15192:2006, Characterisation of waste and soil Determination of Chromium(VI) in solid material by alkaline digestion and ion chromatogra

18、phy with spectrophotometric detection ISO 10301, Water quality Determination of highly volatile halogenated hydrocarbons Gas-chromatographic methods ISO 10381-6, Soil quality Sampling Part 6: Guidance on the collection, handling and storage of soil under aerobic conditions for the assessment of micr

19、obiological processes, biomass and diversity in the laboratory ISO 10382, Soil quality Determination of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls Gas-chromatographic method with electron capture detection ISO 10390, Soil quality Determination of pH ISO 10694, Soil quality Determination

20、 of organic and total carbon after dry combustion (elementary analysis) ISO 11048, Soil quality Determination of water-soluble and acid-soluble sulfate ISO 11074, Soil quality Vocabulary ISO 11259, Soil quality Simplified soil description ISO 11261, Soil quality Determination of total nitrogen Modif

21、ied Kjeldahl method ISO 11263, Soil quality Determination of phosphorus Spectrometric determination of phosphorus soluble in sodium hydrogen carbonate solution ISO 11265, Soil quality Determination of the specific electrical conductivity ISO 11266, Soil quality Guidance on laboratory testing for bio

22、degradation of organic chemicals in soil under aerobic conditions BS ISO 18512:20072 ISO 11267, Soil quality Inhibition of reproduction of Collembola (Folsomia candida) by soil pollutants ISO 11268-1, Soil quality Effects of pollutants on earthworms (Eisenia fetida) Part 1: Determination of acute to

23、xicity using artificial soil substrate ISO 11268-2, Soil quality Effects of pollutants on earthworms (Eisenia fetida) Part 2: Determination of effects on reproduction ISO 11466, Soil quality Extraction of trace elements soluble in aqua regia ISO 13877, Soil quality Determination of polynuclear aroma

24、tic hydrocarbons Method using high-performance liquid chromatography ISO 13878, Soil quality Determination of total nitrogen content by dry combustion (“elemental analysis”) ISO 14154, Soil quality Determination of some selected chlorophenols Gas-chromatographic method with electron-capture detectio

25、n ISO 14238, Soil quality Biological methods Determination of nitrogen mineralization and nitrification in soils and the influence of chemicals on these processes ISO 14240-1, Soil quality Determination of soil microbial biomass Part 1: Substrate-induced respiration method ISO 14240-2, Soil quality

26、Determination of soil microbial biomass Part 2: Fumigation-extraction method ISO 14255, Soil quality Determination of nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and total soluble nitrogen in air-dry soils using calcium chloride solution as extractant ISO/TS 14256-1, Soil quality Determination of nitrate, n

27、itrite and ammonium in field-moist soils by extraction with potassium chloride solution Part 1: Manual method ISO 14507, Soil quality Pretreatment of samples for determination of organic contaminants ISO 15009, Soil quality Gas chromatographic determination of the content of volatile aromatic hydroc

28、arbons, naphthalene and volatile halogenated hydrocarbons Purge-and-trap method with thermal desorption ISO 15473, Soil quality Guidance on laboratory testing for biodegradation of organic chemicals in soil under anaerobic conditions ISO 15685, Soil quality Determination of potential nitrification a

29、nd inhibition of nitrification Rapid test by ammonium oxidation ISO 15799, Soil quality Guidance on the ecotoxicological characterization of soils and soil materials ISO 15903, Soil quality Format for recording soil and site information ISO 15952, Soil quality Effects of pollutants on juvenile land

30、snails (Helicidae) Determination of the effects on growth by soil contamination ISO 16072, Soil quality Laboratory methods for determination of microbial soil respiration ISO 16387, Soil quality Effects of pollutants on Enchytraeidae (Enchytraeus sp.) Determination of effects on reproduction and sur

31、vival ISO 16703, Soil quality Determination of content of hydrocarbon in the range C10 to C40 by gas chromatography BS ISO 18512:20073ISO 17155, Soil quality Determination of abundance and activity of soil microflora using respiration curves ISO 20963, Soil quality Effects of pollutants on insect la

32、rvae (Oxythyrea funesta) Determination of acute toxicity ISO 22030, Soil quality Biological methods Chronic toxicity in higher plants ISO 22155, Soil quality Gas chromatographic quantitative determination of volatile aromatic and halogenated hydrocarbons and selected ethers Static headspace method I

33、SO 23753-1, Soil quality Determination of dehydrogenase activity in soils Part 1: Method using triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) ISO 23753-2, Soil quality Determination of dehydrogenase activity in soils Part 2: Method using iodotetrazolium chloride (INT) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes o

34、f this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 11074 and ISO 11259 apply. In this International Standard, the term “refrigeration” refers to a temperature of 4 C 2 C. The term “freezing” refers to a temperature lower than 18 C. 4 General comments on soil storage Many studies involve the col

35、lection of soil samples in the field, followed by laboratory determination of various properties of the collected samples. In general, the samples are taken at the site being investigated, mixed or otherwise treated at the site, packed in containers and then transported to the laboratory. Upon arriv

36、al at the laboratory, the samples may again be treated before being sent for analysis. Some samples may be stored directly for later analysis. After analysis, the remaining part of the samples may be discarded or stored. The samples are stored when there is a need for further analysis, either becaus

37、e there is a need for checking parameters already determined or there is a need for making additional determinations in the future. In practice, there are two main situations in which sample storage is relevant. Routine testing of soil samples, e.g. by environmental laboratories, where soil samples

38、typically are stored for a few weeks after sampling in order to carry out some additional tests, or in order to confirm results found earlier. Situations in which samples have to be stored for a long period, sometimes over decades, e.g. monitoring programs, reference materials, or research programs

39、in which degradability is tested. Both these situations fall within the scope of this International Standard. The conditions for storage should be selected carefully at all stages, from the point of taking the sample onwards. As an unexpected delay in transport may occur, this guidance should be app

40、lied even if the planned transportation time is short. Examples of storage conditions to be considered are light, temperature, humidity, accessibility, duration of storage, type of container and amount of sample to be stored. Documentation of the samples and the storage conditions is also important.

41、 Risk and security problems should be considered. Well-designed storage conditions are particularly important in large-scale studies, such as monitoring, where the number of samples may become quite large over the years. Incorrectly chosen storage conditions may lead to high costs and may render the

42、 samples unfit for future use. The effect of storage on biodiversity has been considered only with respect to microbiological diversity. Radioactive change caused by loss or gain of radioactive matter should be considered in connection with the respective compounds. Radioactive decay is generally no

43、t affected by storage and is not treated in this International Standard. BS ISO 18512:20074 5 Change in soil properties during storage It is helpful to consider the principal biological, chemical and physical phenomena that may cause changes in the samples: change in water content; biological activi

44、ty; evaporation or precipitation of volatile substances; chemical reactions with the atmosphere; reactions with the sample container. Unacceptable changes in soil parameters may occur if these phenomena are not controlled by a proper choice of storage conditions. However, controlling all these pheno

45、mena in all samples for a long period of time may turn out to be very costly or impossible. It is therefore important to design the storage conditions to fit the objectives of the study. It is worth noting that some parameters, for example, the contents of some volatile substances, may not be measur

46、able after storage, regardless of storage conditions. In such cases, serious consideration for the future need for data on such parameters should be given at the outset, and the analysis program adapted accordingly. 6 Storage conditions 6.1 General This clause contains a list of storage conditions t

47、hat shall be determined when designing the storage programme. 6.2 Light Light conditions affect the content of some substances, particularly organics. This should be considered and taken care of, e.g. by using brown glass bottles or keeping the samples in total darkness. 6.3 Temperature The choice o

48、f temperature is always very important as the temperature affects the biological activity in the samples. Temperature is therefore a major factor in the design of a storage facility. In some cases, room temperature will be appropriate but, in many cases, refrigeration or freezing may be required to

49、reduce the biological activity. In very special cases, the temperature of liquid nitrogen will be required. The need for storage of a few samples at 80 C or a lower temperature should be considered, e.g. storage of higher quality reference samples at 80 C or at a lower temperature, in order to demonstrate whether or not samples stored at low temperatures are stable. 6.4 Humidity Moisture will induce microbiological activity or ch