BS ISO 14104-2017 Gears Surface temper etch inspection after grinding chemical method《齿轮 磨削后表面回火腐蚀检验 化学方法》.pdf

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1、BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06Gears - Surface temper etch inspection after grinding, chemical methodBS ISO 14104:2017National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO 14104:2017. It supersedes BS ISO 14104:2014 which is withdraw

2、n.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee MC/5, Gears, to Subcommittee MCE/5/-/14, Gears-materials.A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary

3、provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2017 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017ISBN 978 0 580 92853 6ICS 21.200Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was publis

4、hed under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2017.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affected BRITISH STANDARDBS ISO 14104:2017 ISO 2017Gears Surface temper etch inspection after grinding, chemical methodEngrenages Contrle par attaque chimiq

5、ue des zones surchauffes lors de la rectificationINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO14104Third edition2017-04-15Reference numberISO 14104:2017(E)BS ISO 14104:2017ISO 14104:2017(E)ii ISO 2017 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2017, Published in SwitzerlandAll rights reserved. Unless otherwise

6、 specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below

7、 or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCh. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, SwitzerlandTel. +41 22 749 01 11Fax +41 22 749 09 47copyrightiso.orgwww.iso.orgBS ISO 14104:2017ISO 14104:2017(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 T

8、erms and definitions . 14 Apparatus . 14.1 Container materials. . 14.2 Inspection area. 14.3 Cleaner. . 24.5 Grey scale reference. 25 Reagents 26 Procedure. 36.1 General . 36.2 Cleaning . 46.3 Etching . 67 Inspection criteria 77.1 Visual appearance and classification . 77.2 Surface hardness effects

9、. 88 Temper etch discoloration removal . 89 Rework of surface-tempered parts . 810 Operator qualification 811 Maintenance and control . 812 Safety and environmental precautions 1413 Specifications and documentation .1513.1 Specifications. 1513.2 Documentation 15Bibliography .16 ISO 2017 All rights r

10、eserved iiiContents PageBS ISO 14104:2017ISO 14104:2017(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committee

11、s. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the Inter

12、national Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the diff

13、erent types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shal

14、l not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is

15、 information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organizat

16、ion (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 60, Gears, Subcommittee SC 2, Gear capacity calculation.This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 14104:2014)

17、, which has been technically revised. The changes of the corrected version have been incorporated as well as adoptions in the cleaning method of etching procedures shown in Tables 2 and 3.iv ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS ISO 14104:2017ISO 14104:2017(E)IntroductionThis document explains the material

18、s and procedures necessary to determine, evaluate and describe localized overheating on ground surfaces. A system to describe and classify the indications produced during this inspection is included. However, specific acceptance or rejection criteria are not contained.An industry-wide survey was con

19、ducted to establish common solutions in time that were acceptable to the greatest number of users. The safety and environmental precautions were included therein for those not familiar with storage, handling, use and disposal of concentrated acids, alkalis and solvents. These precautions, however, d

20、o not supersede the latest applicable requirements. ISO 2017 All rights reserved vBS ISO 14104:2017This page deliberately left blankGears - Surface temper etch inspection after grinding, chemical method1 ScopeThis document specifies procedures and requirements for the detection and classification of

21、 localized overheating on ground surfaces by chemical etch methods.The process described in this document is typically used on ground surfaces; however, it is also useful for the detection of surface anomalies that result from post-heat treatment machining such as hard turning, milling and edge brea

22、king (deburring) processes. Surface metallurgical anomalies caused by carburization or decarburization are also readily detectable with this process.Some methods which have been used in the past are no longer recommended. Specifications are intended to be changed to use the methods in this document.

23、 These etching methods are more sensitive to changes in surface hardness than most hardness testing methods.This document applies to steel parts such as gears, shafts, splines and bearings. It is not applicable to nitrided parts and stainless steels.NOTE This process, although at times called “nital

24、 etch”, is not intended to be confused with other processes also known as “nital etch”.The surface temper etch procedure is performed after grinding and before additional finishing operations such as superfinishing, shot peening and honing.2 Normative referencesThere are no normative references in t

25、his document.3 Terms and definitionsNo terms and definitions are listed in this document.ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at http:/www.electropedia.org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:/ww

26、w.iso.org/obp4 Apparatus4.1 Container materials.Container materials shall not react with the solutions contained, nor damage the parts to be processed. All containers should be labelled with the solution contained and covered when not in use. Containers should be labelled according to local regulati

27、ons.4.2 Inspection area.The area to be inspected shall be sufficiently illuminated to be free of shadows and reflections. A minimum light intensity of 2 200 lx (200 foot candles) at the inspection level is recommended.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14104:2017(E) ISO 2017 All rights reserved 1BS ISO 1410

28、4:2017ISO 14104:2017(E)4.3 Cleaner.An alkaline cleaner, vapour degreaser, solvent wash or equivalent cleaning process shall be used.4.4 Timing device.A suitable timing device shall be used for the uniform processing of all parts in a group.4.5 Grey scale reference.A suitable grey scale reference sho

29、uld be used, such as Tiffen Color Separation Guide and Gray Scale Q13 (small) or Q14 (large)1).Figure 1 is an example of a suitable grey scale reference. Use of a sample part with known indications to exhibit surface tempering is also recommended.Figure 1 is an approximate reproduction of a commerci

30、ally available grey scale. The reproduction shown in this image is not accurate due to variance in graphic reproduction quality and is provided for reference only. It shall not be used for inspection in conformity with this document.The grey scale card should be replaced at regular intervals.Figure

31、1 Gray scale card (reprinted with the permission of The Tiffen Company)5 ReagentsAll chemicals shall be technical grade or better.5.1 Cleaning materials, which ensure removal of all dirt, grit, grease and oil, to obtain a “water break”-free surface. A “water break”-free surface is one which maintain

32、s a continuous water film for a minimum period of 15 s after having been rinsed in clean water at a temperature below 40 C.5.2 Nitric acid.See Tables 2 and 3.5.3 Hydrochloric acid.See Tables 2 and 3.1) Tiffen Gray Scale is the trade name of a product supplied by Tiffen. This information is given for

33、 the convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of the product named. Equivalent products may be used if they can be shown to lead to the same results.2 ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS ISO 14104:2017ISO 14104:2017(E)5.4 Alcohol, methanol or denatured ethanol,

34、clean and free of contaminants such as oil.5.5 Water, clean and free of contaminants. Distilled water preferred, but not required.5.6 Alkaline solution, a solution such as 4 % to 6 % sodium hydroxide in water with a minimum pH value of 10 or equivalent.5.7 Rust-preventive oil, suitable for displacin

35、g water and which does not mask the results of etching.6 Procedure6.1 GeneralAs shown in Figure 2, clean the part first (see 6.2 and Table 1) then etch it using one of the procedures shown in either Table 2 or Table 3, whichever is appropriate for the type of steel being inspected. Unless otherwise

36、specified, selection of the specific procedure shall be at the suppliers option.Table 1 Examples of cleaning methodsType of contaminant Method of cleaningDyes and inks Alcohol, methyl ethyl ketone or equivalentOil and grease Vapour degreasingSoaps Alkaline cleaner (60 C to 80 C) or ultrasonic cleane

37、r ISO 2017 All rights reserved 3BS ISO 14104:2017ISO 14104:2017(E)Figure 2 Procedure flow chart6.2 CleaningProper cleaning is mandatory for parts to be etched and inspected. Satisfactory cleaning will be evidenced by the absence of “water breaks” on the clean parts after immersion in water. The clea

38、ning procedure shall be chosen by the supplier. The exact method depends on the type of contaminant present. Table 1 lists contaminants and corresponding methods of cleaning in common use.Additional processes can be required to remove residues from the parts prior to etching. Thorough cleaning of pa

39、rts prior to etching is imperative in order to obtain good results. Improper cleaning will result in non-uniform discoloration and staining which can lead to difficult interpretation of etching results. A typical (recommended) cleaning procedure consists of the following: vapour degreasing or solven

40、t cleaning; abrasive cleaning: select particle size, media and blasting procedure to maintain surface finish and dimensions; avoid damage and handle parts with clean white gloves; alkaline or ultrasonic clean;4 ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS ISO 14104:2017ISO 14104:2017(E) rinsing in water and exami

41、ning for water breaks after cleaning. If water break occurs, re-clean and re-examine for water break until water break free.Table 2 Type 2 etchingStepaProcess SolutionbRecommended timecRemarks1Nitric acid etchdGrey scale Tank 7(M) to 11, Swab 7(M) to 15Nitric acid, 1,5 % to 5 % (by volume):Exact tim

42、e to develop black oxide film will vary; time should be established and reproduced. in alcohol 30 s to 60 s in water 10 s to 30 s2 Rinse Water or alcohol As required Removes acid3 Alcohol dipeAlcohol Dip Removes water4BleachdGrey scale Tank 6 to 10, Swab 2 to 10Hydrochloric acid, 2 % to 6 % (by volu

43、me):Part should be immersed for a sufficient time to cause a uniform brownish-grey colour on the part; exact bleaching time should be established by test and reproduced. in alcohol30 s to 60 s in water5 Rinse Water As required Removes acid6Neutralize Alkali solution with pH of 10 minimum10 s to 60 s

44、 Agitate parts while immersed7 Rinse Water As required Removes caustic solvents8 Dryf,gAlcohol or hot water Dip and dry Removes water9Oil Rust-preventive As required Prevents corrosion and aids in colour contrastTable 3 Type 3 etchingStepaProcess SolutionbRecommended timecRemarks1Hydrochloric acid c

45、leandHydrochloric acid, 2 % to 6 % (by volume):Exact time to be established by test in alcohol 1,5 min to 3,5 min in water 30 s to 60 s2 Rinse Water or alcohol As required Removes acid3 Alcohol dipeAlcohol Dip Removes water4Nitric acid etchdGrey scale 11 to 15Nitric acid, 1,5 % to 5 % (by volume):Ex

46、act time to develop black oxide film will vary; time should be established and reproduced. in alcohol 1,5 min to 3,5 min in water 30 s to 60 s5 Rinse Water or alcohol As required Removes acid6 Alcohol dipeAlcohol Dip Removes water7Bleachd,eGrey scale 2 to 6Hydrochloric acid, 2 % to 6 % (by volume):P

47、art should be immersed for a sufficient time to cause a uniform brownish-grey colour on the part; exact bleaching time should be established by test and reproduced. in alcohol 1,5 min to 3,5 min in water 30 s to 60 s8 Rinse Water As required Removes acid9Neutralize Alkali solution with pH of 10 mini

48、mum10 s to 60 s Agitate parts while immersed ISO 2017 All rights reserved 5BS ISO 14104:2017ISO 14104:2017(E)StepaProcess SolutionbRecommended timecRemarks10 Rinse Water As required Removes caustic solvents11 Dryf,gAlcohol or hot water Dip and dry Removes water12Oil Rust-preventive As required Preve

49、nts corrosion and aids in colour contrast6.3 EtchingUse of a suitable grey scale reference is recommended to quantify the interpretation of temper indications. Figure 1 is an example of a commercially available grey scale reference. Use of a sample part with known indications to exhibit surface tempering is also recommended. The use of a grey scale card is required in order to achieve the goal of improved reproducibility of results over time and between inspectors or laboratories, independent of the specific proces