BS EN ISO 11272-2017 Soil quality Determination of dry bulk density《土壤质量 干散密度的测定》.pdf

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1、BS EN ISO 11272:2017Soil quality Determinationof dry bulk density (ISO11272:2017)BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS EN ISO 11272:2017 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 11272:2017. It supersedes B

2、S EN ISO 11272:2014 which iswithdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee EH/4, Soil quality.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provi

3、sions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2017.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017ISBN 978 0 580 92469 9 ICS 13.080.20 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was publis

4、hed under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2017.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 11272 March 2017 ICS 13.080.20 Supersedes EN ISO 11272:2014English Version Soil q

5、uality - Determination of dry bulk density (ISO 11272:2017) Qualit du sol - Dtermination de la masse volumique apparente sche (ISO 11272:2017) Bodenbeschaffenheit - Bestimmung der Trockenrohdichte (ISO 11272:2017) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 11 February 2017. CEN members are bound

6、to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-

7、CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has

8、 the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Lux

9、embourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1

10、000 Brussels 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 11272:2017 EBS EN ISO 11272:2017EN ISO 11272:2017 (E) 3 European foreword This document (EN ISO 11272:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190 “

11、Soil quality“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 444 “Test methods for environmental characterization of solid matrices” the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by en

12、dorsement, at the latest by September 2017, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2017. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible fo

13、r identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN ISO 11272:2014. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czec

14、h Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United

15、 Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 11272:2017 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 11272:2017 without any modification. BS EN ISO 11272:2017ISO 11272:2017(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Test procedures . 24.1 Core method 24.1.1 Prin

16、ciple 24.1.2 Apparatus . 24.1.3 Sampling and drying . 24.1.4 Calculation . 34.2 Excavation method 34.2.1 Principle 34.2.2 Apparatus . 34.2.3 Field procedure . 44.2.4 Laboratory procedure . 44.2.5 Calculation . 54.3 Substitute methods . 64.4 Clod method 74.4.1 Principle 74.4.2 Apparatus . 74.4.3 Proc

17、edure . 84.4.4 Calculation . 84.4.5 Unified reference temperature 95 Test report . 9Annex A (informative) Volume measurement using plastic balls .10Annex B (normative) Density of water at different temperatures .11Bibliography .14 ISO 2017 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS EN ISO 11272:2017ISO

18、11272:2017(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject f

19、or which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on

20、 all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted.

21、 This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying

22、any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience

23、of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical B

24、arriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .html.This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190, Soil quality, Subcommittee SC 3, Chemical methods and soil characteristics.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 11272:1998), which

25、 has been technically revised.iv ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 11272:2017ISO 11272:2017(E)IntroductionThe dry bulk density is used together with the particle density (see ISO 11508) for the calculation of the solids content and porosity of soil for the evaluation of soil structure and conver

26、sion of concentrations of substances in soil from mass/volume to mass/mass and vice versa. ISO 2017 All rights reserved vBS EN ISO 11272:2017BS EN ISO 11272:2017Soil quality Determination of dry bulk density1 ScopeThis document specifies three methods for the determination of dry bulk density of soi

27、ls calculated from the mass and the volume of a soil sample. The methods involve drying and weighing a soil sample, the volume of which is either known core method (see 4.1) or determined excavation method (see 4.2) and clod method (see 4.4).2 Normative referencesThe following documents are referred

28、 to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ASTM D1556, Standard test method f

29、or density and unit weight of soil in place by sand-cone methodASTM D2167, Standard test method for density and unit weight of soil in place by the rubber balloon methodASTM D4914, Standard test methods for density of soil and rock in place by the sand replacement method in a test pitASTM D5030, Sta

30、ndard test methods for density of soil and rock in place by the water replacement method in a test pitDIN 18125-2, Soil investigation and testing Determination of density of soil Part 2: Field tests3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.IS

31、O and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at h t t p :/ www .electropedia .org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at h t t p :/ www .iso .org/ obp3.1dry bulk densityratio of the oven-dry mass of the solids to

32、the volume of the soilNote 1 to entry: The bulk volume includes the volume of the solids and of the pore space.Note 2 to entry: The preferred SI unit of measurement is kilograms per cubic metre (kg m-3), but grams per cubic centimetre (g cm-3) is also very common. Note that x g cm-3= 1 000 x kg m-3.

33、INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11272:2017(E) ISO 2017 All rights reserved 1BS EN ISO 11272:2017ISO 11272:2017(E)4 Test procedures4.1 Core method4.1.1 PrincipleThis method is applicable to stoneless and slightly stony soils. Core samples of known volume are taken with a metal sampling tool. The sample is

34、 dried in an oven and weighed, and the dry bulk density is calculated.4.1.2 Apparatus4.1.2.1 Core sample holders, thin-walled metal cylinders with a volume of 100 cm3to 400 cm3, a steel cap for driving into the soil, and a driver.4.1.2.2 Oven, heated and ventilated, capable of maintaining a temperat

35、ure of (105 2) C.4.1.2.3 Desiccator, sealed chamber in which the air is kept dry with the aid of silica gel or other desiccant.4.1.2.4 Laboratory balance, capable of weighing to an accuracy of 1/1 000 of the measured value.4.1.3 Sampling and dryingPress or drive a core sample holder (4.1.2.1) of kno

36、wn volume without deflection and compaction into either a vertical or horizontal soil surface far enough to fill the sampler. Carefully remove the sample holder and its contents to preserve the natural structure, and trim the soil extending beyond each end of the sample holder with a straight-edged

37、knife or sharp spatula. The soil sample volume is thus equal to the volume of the sample holder. Take at least six core samples from each soil layer. Place the holders containing the samples in an oven (4.1.2.2) at 105 C until constant mass is reached.NOTE 1 In most cases, constant mass is reached a

38、fter 48 h drying.Remove the samples from the oven and allow them to cool in the desiccator (4.1.2.3). Weigh the samples on the balance (4.1.2.4) immediately after removal from the desiccator (mt). Control mass is reached when the differences in successive weighings of the cooled sample, at intervals

39、 of 4 h, do not exceed 0,01 % of the original mass of the sample.Swell/shrink soils (especially clays, muds and peats) change their bulk density with changing water content. Such soils should be sampled first in a moist state (i.e. field capacity); in addition, they should be sampled in a wetter sta

40、te (water saturation) and in a drier state (i.e. wilting point). If the dry soil is too hard to be sampled, the bulk density of the soil can be determined according to 4.3, and the total soil volume according to 4.2.3.NOTE 2 If bulk density (and water content) is the only parameter of interest, it i

41、s not necessary to keep the samples in their holders when taking them back to the laboratory. After the sample has been obtained and trimmed, the soil can be extracted from the holder, without loss, in order to be stored for transportation either in a metal box or in a heat-resistant plastic bag.It

42、is normally worthwhile to combine a measurement of the water content with a measurement of the bulk density; in that case it is necessary to transport the samples without allowing loss of water by evaporation, and to begin the laboratory operations by weighing the fresh sample.2 ISO 2017 All rights

43、reservedBS EN ISO 11272:2017ISO 11272:2017(E)4.1.4 CalculationThe dry bulk density is calculated using Formula (1) and Formula (2):b,sd=mV(1)mmmdts= (2)whereb,sis the bulk density, dry, in grams per cubic centimetre, g/cm3;mdis the mass of the sample dried at 105 C, in grams, g;V is the volume of th

44、e sample holder, in cubic centimetres, cm3;msis the mass of the empty sample holder, in grams, g;mtis the mass of the sample holder together with the soil sample dried at 105 C, in grams, g.4.2 Excavation method4.2.1 PrincipleBulk density is determined by excavating a quantity of soil, drying and we

45、ighing it, and determining the volume of the excavation by filling it with sand. This procedure is applicable to soils containing gravel and/or stones.4.2.2 Apparatus4.2.2.1 Earth-digging equipment, such as a spade, with a long sharp-edged straight blade.4.2.2.2 Sampling equipment, flat-bladed spade

46、, knife (for hard or stony soil), pick, spade chisel, hammer.4.2.2.3 Equipment for collecting and cleaning, such as plastic sheet, brush, heat-resistant plastic bags or canisters.4.2.2.4 Plastic film, thin, flexible, but stable.4.2.2.5 Equipment for spreading sand, including funnel with a gauging ro

47、d (the falling height beneath the funnel mouth should be 5 cm), graduated cylinder of 1 dm3capacity.4.2.2.6 Dry, graded sand of known volume, with a particle diameter between 500 m and 700 m.4.2.2.7 Balance, capable of weighing to an accuracy of 0,1 g.4.2.2.8 Oven, heated and ventilated, capable of

48、maintaining a temperature of (105 2) C.4.2.2.9 Vacuum desiccator with self-indicating desiccant.4.2.2.10 Sieve, with 2 mm apertures. ISO 2017 All rights reserved 3BS EN ISO 11272:2017ISO 11272:2017(E)4.2.2.11 Straight metal blade.4.2.3 Field procedureLevel off the soil surface with the straight meta

49、l blade (4.2.2.11) Figure 1 a). Dig a hole in the levelled soil having a representative content of larger gravel and stones according to visual inspection. Avoid compaction of the soil on the sides Figure 1 b). Put the excavated soil in bags (4.2.2.3) for laboratory analysis. Large nonporous stones such as granite pieces may be separated in the field, cleaned with a stiff brush, putting the fine material into the bags. Weigh the large nonporous stone(s) on a field balance and include it in the mass of gravel and st