BS EN 12953-3-2016 Shell boilers Design and calculation for pressure parts《火管锅炉 压力零件的设计和计算》.pdf

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1、BS EN 12953-3:2016Shell boilersPart 3: Design and calculation for pressurepartsBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS EN 12953-3:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 12953-3:2016. It supersedes BS EN 1

2、2953-3:2002 which is withdrawn.BSI, as a member of CEN, is obliged to publish EN 12953-3:2016 as a British Standard. However, attention is drawn to the fact that during the development of this European Standard, the UK committee voted against its approval as a European Standard.The UK committee is c

3、oncerned that subclause 10.2.11.3 introduces requirements that are too restrictive. In their opinion, the principles included in subclause 10.2.10.3 of BS EN 12953-3:2002 better reflect the design parameters currently used in the UK.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical

4、Committee PVE/2, Water Tube And Shell Boilers.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Stan

5、dards Institution 2016. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 84025 8ICS 27.060.30; 27.100Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 May

6、2016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 12953-3:2016EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 12953-3 May 2016 ICS 27.060.30; 27.100 Supersedes EN 12953-3:2002English Version Shell boilers - Part 3: Design and calculation for pressure parts Chaudires tub

7、es de fume - Partie 3: Conception et calcul des parties sous pression Growasserraumkessel - Teil 3: Konstruktion und Berechnung fr drucktragende Teile This European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 January 2016. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipul

8、ate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European St

9、andard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the n

10、ational standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,

11、Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any

12、means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 12953-3:2016 EBS EN 12953-3:2016EN 12953-3:2016 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword 5 1 Scope . 7 2 Normative references . 7 3 Terms and definitions 7 4 Symbols and abbreviations 8 5 General . 8 5.1 Boilers 8 5.2 Hot-water boilers . 8

13、5.3 Main welds 8 5.4 Weld factor . 9 5.5 Thermal design of furnaces tubes 9 5.5.1 Design conditions . 9 5.5.2 Furnace dimensions . 11 5.5.3 Heat input 11 5.5.4 Additional operating conditions 12 5.6 Dimensions of pressure parts . 12 5.7 Determination of pressures 12 5.7.1 Maximum allowable pressure

14、12 5.7.2 Calculation pressure 12 5.7.3 Safety valves set pressure 12 5.7.4 Hydrostatic test pressure . 13 5.8 Allowances . 13 5.8.1 Allowance for material supply tolerances and forming processes . 13 5.8.2 Allowance for metal wastage 13 5.9 Additional material requirements for plates 13 5.10 Standar

15、dized fittings 14 5.11 Flanges 14 5.12 Design by analysis . 14 5.13 Economizer and superheater 14 6 Calculation temperature and nominal design stress . 14 6.1 Calculation temperature 14 6.2 Nominal design stress 15 7 Cylindrical shells . 15 7.1 Shell thickness 15 7.1.1 Requirements . 15 7.1.2 Requir

16、ed wall thickness including allowances 16 7.2 Basic calculation subjected to internal pressure 16 7.3 Boiler supports and lifting lugs 16 8 Openings and branches in cylindrical shells . 16 8.1 General 16 8.1.1 Introduction 16 8.1.2 Requirements for the reinforcement of openings in shells . 16 8.1.3

17、Effective lengths lrsfor calculation of efficiencies and of compensations. 18 8.1.4 Condition of isolated openings . 22 8.1.5 Requirements for design of branches 22 8.1.6 Requirements for design of reinforcing pads . 22 8.1.7 General requirements for calculation of cross-sectional and pressure-loade

18、d areas . 23 8.2 Efficiency factor, alternative calculation method, maximum diameter of an un-reinforced opening . 23 BS EN 12953-3:2016EN 12953-3:2016 (E) 3 8.2.1 General 23 8.2.2 Allowable efficiency and maximum diameter of an unreinforced opening . 24 8.2.3 Isolated openings . 24 8.2.4 Adjacent o

19、penings . 25 8.3 Design of openings and branches in shells (efficiency and reinforcement) 25 8.3.1 Symbols and abbreviations 25 8.3.2 Requirements for application . 26 8.3.3 Design of isolated openings and branch connections 30 8.3.4 Design of adjacent openings and branch connections . 32 9 Ends 33

20、9.1 Unstayed dished heads without openings 33 9.1.1 Unstayed dished heads under internal pressure . 33 9.1.2 Limiting conditions . 33 9.1.3 Unstayed dished heads under external pressure 35 9.2 Flat unstayed removable closures . 36 9.3 Unstayed flat plates. 37 10 Supported flat plates, stays and stif

21、feners . 38 10.1 Breathing space for flat plates 38 10.2 Stayed flat surfaces . 40 10.2.1 General 40 10.2.2 Radius of flange 40 10.2.3 Point of support 40 10.2.4 Thickness 41 10.2.5 Values of constant C4. 44 10.2.6 Stays for wet back reversal chambers . 54 10.2.7 Stay tubes and bars . 56 10.2.8 Load

22、s on stay tubes and bar stays . 56 10.2.9 Gusset stays 56 10.2.10 Weld attachments . 58 10.2.11 Additional requirements for set-in end plates . 58 10.2.12 Girder stays supporting the flat section of a reversal chamber . 60 11 Design of isolated openings in boiler flat end plates 60 11.1 Unreinforced

23、 isolated openings . 60 11.2 Branch openings 60 11.3 Manholes, headholes and handholes 62 12 Unpierced tubes and tube plates . 63 12.1 Thickness of straight tubes subject to external pressure . 63 12.2 Thickness of straight tubes subject to internal pressure 64 12.3 Wall thickness and ovality of elb

24、ows and tube bends 64 12.3.1 General 64 12.3.2 Departure from circularity of the tube bends . 64 12.4 Smoke tubes. 66 12.5 Pitch of tubes . 70 12.6 Thickness of the tube plates within tube nests . 70 13 Furnaces tubes, furnace components and reversal chambers of cylindrical form subject to external

25、pressure . 71 13.1 Furnaces tubes 71 13.1.1 Plain furnaces tubes . 71 13.1.2 Corrugated furnaces tubes . 71 13.1.3 Safety factors . 72 13.1.4 Furnace components 72 13.1.5 Reversal chambers 72 13.2 Calculation length of composite furnaces tubes . 73 13.3 Tolerances of furnaces tubes. 74 13.4 Stiffene

26、rs . 74 BS EN 12953-3:2016EN 12953-3:2016 (E) 4 13.4.1 General 74 13.4.2 Stiffener sections made from bar or plate . 75 13.4.3 Stiffeners located within the zone of peak heat flux 75 13.4.4 Bowling hoops 75 14 Access and inspection openings 78 14.1 General requirements . 78 14.2 Types and minimum di

27、mensions of access and inspection openings 79 14.3 Minimum gasket bearing width and clearance for access and inspection doors 81 14.4 Access and inspection openings in flat plates . 81 14.5 Requirements for entry area into boilers with a shell outside diameter greater than 1 400 mm 81 14.6 Accessibi

28、lity and arrangement of entry and inspection openings 81 Annex A (informative) Calculation form for “Walker”-type reverse curve sections or corrugations 82 Annex B (normative) Furnace calculation temperature 84 B.1 Calculation of the maximum and the middle furnace wall temperature 84 Annex C (inform

29、ative) Calculation of tube plate temperatures 87 C.1 General 87 C.2 Symbols . 87 C.3 Calculation method . 88 C.3.1 Radiation coefficients 88 C.3.2 Convection coefficients . 92 C.3.3 Weighted average gas-side heat transfer coefficient . 95 C.3.4 Tube plate thermal conductance . 97 C.3.5 Water side he

30、at transfer . 98 C.3.6 Tube plate temperatures 98 C.4 Example of a calculation carried out using the method given in C.3 101 C.4.1 Design data assumed . 101 C.4.2 Calculation of radiation coefficient 102 C.4.3 Calculation of convection coefficients . 102 C.4.4 Calculation of weighted average gas-sid

31、e heat transfer coefficient . 102 C.4.5 Calculation of tube plate thermal conductance 102 C.4.6 Calculation of tube plate temperatures 103 Annex D (normative) Economizer and superheater with water tube design connected to the shell boiler . 104 D.1 General 104 D.2 Design of economizer and superheate

32、r connected to shell boilers 104 Annex E (informative) Significant technical changes between this European Standard and the previous edition . 106 Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2014/68/EU aimed to be covered . 107 Bi

33、bliography 108 BS EN 12953-3:2016EN 12953-3:2016 (E) 5 European foreword This document (EN 12953-3:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 269 “Shell and wa-ter-tube boilers”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standa

34、rd, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2016, and conflicting national standards shall be with-drawn at the latest by November 2016. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent right

35、s. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 12953-3:2002. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the Eu-ropean Free Trade Association, and supports essential requir

36、ements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. The informative Annex E lists the significant technical changes between this European Standard and the pre-vious edition. EN 12953, Shell boilers, consists of the f

37、ollowing parts: Part 1: General Part 2: Materials for pressure parts of boilers and accessories Part 3: Design and calculation for pressure parts Part 4: Workmanship and construction of pressure parts of the boiler Part 5: Inspection during construction, documentation and marking of pressure parts o

38、f the boiler Part 6: Requirements for equipment for the boiler Part 7: Requirements for firing systems for liquid and gaseous fuels for the boilers Part 8: Requirements for safeguards against excessive pressure Part 9: Requirements for limiting devices of the boiler and accessories Part 10: Requirem

39、ents for feedwater and boiler water quality Part 11: Acceptance tests Part 12: Requirements for grate firing systems for solid fuels for the boiler Part 13: Operating instructions (CR 12953) Part 14: Guideline for involvement of an inspection body independent of the manufacturer Although these parts

40、 can be obtained separately, it should be recognized that the parts are interdependent. As such, the design and manufacture of shell boilers requires the application of more than one part in order for the requirements of the standard to be satisfactorily fulfilled. BS EN 12953-3:2016EN 12953-3:2016

41、(E) 6 NOTE A “Boiler Helpdesk” has been established in CEN/TC 269 which may be contacted for any questions regard-ing the application of the European Standards series EN 12952 and EN 12953, see the following website: http:/www.boiler-helpdesk.din.de According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations,

42、 the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, La

43、tvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portu-gal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 12953-3:2016EN 12953-3:2016 (E) 7 1 Scope This Part of this European Standard specifies requirements for the design and calculatio

44、n of pressure parts of shell boilers as defined in EN 12953-1. For other components such as water tube walls reference should be made to EN 12952 series. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indis-pensable for its ap

45、plication. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1092-1:2007+A1:2013, Flanges and their joints Circular flanges for pipes, valves, fittings and accesso-ries, PN designated Par

46、t 1: Steel flanges EN 10160, Ultrasonic testing of steel flat product of thickness equal or greater than 6 mm (reflection method) EN 12952-3:2011, Water-tube boilers and auxiliary installations Part 3: Design and calculation for pressure parts of the boiler EN 12953-1:2012, Shell boilers Part 1: Gen

47、eral EN 12953-2:2012, Shell boilers Part 2: Materials for pressure parts of boilers and accessories EN 12953-4:2002, Shell boilers Part 4: Workmanship and construction of pressure parts of the boiler EN 12953-5, Shell boilers Part 5: Inspection during construction, documentation and marking of press

48、ure parts of the boiler EN 12953-6:2011, Shell Boilers Part 6: Requirements for equipment for the boiler EN 12953-10:2003, Shell boilers Part 10: Requirements for feedwater and boiler water quality EN 13445-3:2014, Unfired pressure vessels Part 3: Design 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of t

49、his document, the terms and definitions given in EN 12953-1:2012, EN 12953-6:2011 and the following apply. 3.1 branch nozzle, stub, stand pipe 3.2 cold start starting the boiler from ambient pressure at room temperature to normal operating condition 3.3 warm start starting the boiler from the hot stand-by condition 3.4 seam generic term for welded joints, welded seams or welds BS EN 12953-3:2016EN 12953-3:2016 (E) 8 4 Symbols and abbreviations For the purposes of this standard, the symbols given in EN 12953-1:2012, Table 1 sha