BS EN 10228-2-2016 Non-destructive testing of steel forgings Penetrant testing《钢锻件无损检验 渗透检验》.pdf

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1、BS EN 10228-2:2016Non-destructive testing of steelforgingsPart 2: Penetrant testingBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS EN 10228-2:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 10228-2:2016.It supersedes BS E

2、N 10228-2:1998 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee ISE/111, Steel Castings and Forgings.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the nec

3、essaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 80530 1ICS 77.040.20; 77.140.85Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British S

4、tandard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2016.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 10228-2:2016EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 10228-2 June 2016 ICS 77.040.20; 77.140.85 Supersedes EN 10228-2:1998Eng

5、lish Version Non-destructive testing of steel forgings - Part 2: Penetrant testing Essais non destructifs des pices forges en acier - Partie 2 : Contrle par ressuage Zerstrungsfreie Prfung von Schmiedestcken aus Stahl - Teil 2: Eindringprfung This European Standard was approved by CEN on 3 October 2

6、015. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained

7、 on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CE

8、NELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, It

9、aly, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey andUnited Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Ave

10、nue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 10228-2:2016 EBS EN 10228-2:2016EN 10228-2:2016 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Terms and definition

11、s . 4 4 Items for agreement . 4 5 Test procedure . 5 5.1 General 5 5.2 Description 5 5.3 Content 5 6 Personnel qualification . 6 7 Testing system 6 7.1 Testing products 6 7.2 Equipment . 6 7.3 Function test . 6 8 Stage of manufacture . 6 9 Surface condition 6 10 Coverage . 7 11 Penetrant testing pro

12、cess 7 12 Viewing . 7 12.1 General 7 12.2 Viewing conditions . 7 13 Classification of indications 7 14 Recording and acceptance criteria . 9 15 Removal of defects . 10 16 Cleaning . 10 17 Test report 11 Annex A (informative) Significant technical changes to the version EN 10228-2:1998 12 BS EN 10228

13、-2:2016EN 10228-2:2016 (E) 3 European foreword This document (EN 10228-2:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee ECISS/TC 111 “Steel castings and forgings”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publicatio

14、n of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2016 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2016. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shal

15、l not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 10228-2:1998. Annex A provides the significant technical changes to the previous version EN 10228-2:1998. EN 10228 consists of the following parts under the general title Non-destructive testing of s

16、teel forgings: Part 1: Magnetic particle inspection; Part 2: Penetrant testing; Part 3: Ultrasonic testing of ferritic or martensitic steel forgings; Part 4: Ultrasonic testing of austenitic and austenitic-ferritic stainless steel forgings. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the nati

17、onal standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lit

18、huania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 10228-2:2016EN 10228-2:2016 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard describes techniques and acceptance criteria to be used for the penetrant t

19、esting of steel forgings. The method described is used for the detection of surface discontinuities. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cite

20、d applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 3059, Non-destructive testing Penetrant testing and magnetic particle testing Viewing conditions (ISO 3059) EN ISO 3452-1, Non-destructive testing Penetrant testing Part 1: Gen

21、eral principles (ISO 3452-1) EN ISO 3452-2, Non-destructive testing Penetrant testing Part 2: Testing of penetrant materials (ISO 3452-2) EN ISO 3452-4, Non-destructive testing Penetrant testing Part 4: Equipment (ISO 3452-4) EN ISO 9712, Non-destructive testing Qualification and certification of ND

22、T personnel (ISO 9712) EN ISO 12706:2009, Non-destructive testing Penetrant testing Vocabulary (ISO 12706:2009) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12706:2009 apply. 4 Items for agreement The following aspects concerning penetrant test

23、ing shall be agreed between the purchaser and the supplier at the time of enquiry and order: a) the manufacturing stage(s) at which penetrant testing shall be performed (see Clause 8); b) the areas to be examined; c) whether testing shall be performed with colour contrast or fluorescent penetrants (

24、see 7.1); d) the quality class required, or the quality classes and surfaces areas to which they apply (see Clause 14); e) the applicable recording and acceptance criteria if different from those detailed in Table 2; f) whether the test shall be conducted in the presence of the purchaser or his repr

25、esentative; g) whether a written procedure shall be submitted for approval by the purchaser. (see Clause 5); BS EN 10228-2:2016EN 10228-2:2016 (E) 5 5 Test procedure 5.1 General Penetrant testing shall be performed in accordance with a written test procedure. Where specified in the enquiry or order,

26、 the written procedure shall be submitted to the purchaser for approval prior to the test. 5.2 Description The written procedure shall be one of the following: a) a product specification; b) a procedure written specifically for the application; c) this part of EN 10228 may be used if it is accompani

27、ed by testing details specific to the application. 5.3 Content The written procedure shall contain the following details as minimum requirements: a) description of the forgings to be tested; b) reference documents; c) qualification of testing personnel; d) stage of manufacture at which the test is c

28、arried out; e) area(s) specified in terms of the applicable quality classes; f) type of penetrant testing products used: penetrant, remover, emulsifier, developer; g) surface conditions required; h) viewing conditions; i) description of pre-testing cleaning and drying, including cleaning materials u

29、sed and minimum time allowed for drying; j) description of penetrant application, including application temperature and penetration time; k) description of excess penetrant removal and of drying before developer application; l) description of developer application, including development time; m) met

30、hod of marking or recording indications; n) acceptance criteria; o) whether post-cleaning is required; if so, a description of the method; p) test report. BS EN 10228-2:2016EN 10228-2:2016 (E) 6 6 Personnel qualification Personnel shall be qualified in accordance with EN ISO 9712. 7 Testing system 7

31、.1 Testing products Penetrant testing products (penetrant, emulsifier, remover and developer) shall conform to EN ISO 3452-1. The combination of penetrant testing products to be used shall meet the following requirements: a) they shall conform to EN ISO 3452-1; b) they shall be compatible with the m

32、aterial to be tested (see EN ISO 3452-1 for guidance); c) they shall enable the applicable recording level (see Table 2) to be achieved (see EN ISO 3452-1 for the determination of sensitivity levels). 7.2 Equipment The equipment used shall conform to EN ISO 3452-4. The following equipment may be use

33、d: a) spray gun or aerosol spray; b) immersion tank; c) electrostatic spray gun. 7.3 Function test The sensitivity of the penetrant shall be determined in accordance with EN ISO 3452-2. The temperature of the forging should be checked to ensure that it is within the detection media manufacturers spe

34、cified temperature limits. 8 Stage of manufacture Where practicable, final acceptance testing shall be performed on the forging in its delivery conditions (see Clause 4). 9 Surface condition Surfaces to be tested shall be clean and free from scale, oil, grease, machining marks, paint and any other c

35、ontaminant which could adversely affect test sensitivity or the ability to interpret indications. The finish of surfaces to be tested shall conform to the requirements detailed in Table 1 for the applicable quality class. BS EN 10228-2:2016EN 10228-2:2016 (E) 7 Table 1 Surface condition Surface roug

36、hness parameter Ra*), in m Quality classesa1 2 3 4 Ra 12,5 X Ra 6,3 X X X X aX signifies the quality class that can be achieved for the specified surface finish. *) Ra = arithmetical mean deviation of the profile. 10 Coverage Where practicable, the test shall be performed in such a way that 100 % co

37、verage of the surface to be tested is achieved. 11 Penetrant testing process The penetrant testing process shall conform to EN ISO 3452-1. 12 Viewing 12.1 General Viewing shall start immediately after the developer is applied and shall continue periodically up to the completion of the development ti

38、me, when final assessment of indications shall be made. 12.2 Viewing conditions Viewing conditions shall be in accordance with EN ISO 3059: a) Colour contrast penetrants: The surface under testing shall be viewed under white light of at least 500 lx intensity on the surface. Glare and reflections sh

39、all be avoided. Lower illuminances may be agreed between purchaser and supplier. b) Fluorescent penetrants: Prior to the test at least 5 min shall be allowed for the operators eyes to become adapted to the reduced background lighting and the UV-A lamp shall be allowed to warm up for at least 5 min.

40、13 Classification of indications The following rules shall apply (see Figure 1): a) A linear indication shall be considered “isolated” when it is not aligned with any other linear indication, or when it is aligned with another linear indication, but separated from it by more than five times the leng

41、th of the longer of the two indications considered. BS EN 10228-2:2016EN 10228-2:2016 (E) 8 b) Interacting linear indications are two (or more) linear indications which are aligned, and shall be considered as one continuous length for the purpose of assessment if their separation is less than, or eq

42、ual to, five times the length of the longer of the two indications considered. The length of interacting indications is the length measured between the opposite ends of the two outer indications. c) The cumulative length of linear indications is the sum of the lengths of all linear indications detec

43、ted in the reference surface (i.e. 148 mm 105 mm, or = A6 format). NOTE A linear indication is an indication the length of which is greater than three times the width. d) A rounded indication is an indication the length of which is less than or equal to three times the width. e) False indications du

44、e to the geometry of the part (change of section or slot, etc.) or surface finish (scar or machining mark, etc.) shall not be taken into account. BS EN 10228-2:2016EN 10228-2:2016 (E) 9 Key 1 isolated indications 2 interacting indications 3 reference surface Reference surface = 148 mm 105 mm (i.e. A

45、6 format). d1= 15,2 mm, d2= 11,6 mm, d3= 63,5 mm, L1= 5,8 mm, L2= 3,6 mm, L3= 10,1 mm, L4= 7,9 mm, L5= 5,1mm, L6= 10,1 mm d15L3. L1, L2and L3= Individual lengths of interacting indications. Lg= Total length of interacting indications Lg= (L1+ d1) + (L2+ d2) + L3. L4, L5and L6= lengths of isolated in

46、dications. Lg+ L4+ L5+ L6= cumulative length of indications in reference surface. The total number of indications in the reference surface is 4 (as identified by Lg, L4, L5and L6), see Table 2. Figure 1 Classification of linear indications 14 Recording and acceptance criteria Four quality classes sh

47、all be applied to a forging or to parts of a forging. Quality class 4 is the most stringent, dictating the smallest recording level and the smallest acceptance standard. For forgings for general application supplied in the as-forged surface condition only, quality classes 1 and 2 are applicable. For

48、 closed die forgings, quality class 3 shall be the minimum requirement. BS EN 10228-2:2016EN 10228-2:2016 (E) 10 The applicable quality class(-es) shall be agreed between the purchaser and the supplier. Table 2 details recording levels and acceptance criteria to be applied for four quality classes.

49、Where agreed, recording levels and acceptance criteria different from those detailed in Table 2 may be used. Table 2 Quality classes, recording levels and acceptance criteria Parameter Quality class 1 2 3 4aRecording level (mm)b 7 3 3 1 Allowable length L of isolated linear indications and allowable length Lgof interacting indications (mm)b 20 8 4 2 Allowable cumulative length of linear indications in the reference surface (mm)b 75 36 24 5 Allowable size of isolated rounded indications (mm)b 30 12