BS 5502-72-1992 Buildings and structures for agriculture - Code of practice for design and construction of controlled environment stores for vegetables fruit and flowers《农用建筑物和构筑物 .pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 5502-72: 1992 Buildings and structures for agriculture Part 72: Code of practice for design and construction of controlled environment stores for vegetables, fruit and flowersBS5502-72:1992 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Technical SectorBoar

2、d for Building and Civil Engineering (B/-), was published under the authority ofthe Standards Board and comesinto effect on 1April1992 BSI 09-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference B/549 Draft for comment 90/14589 DC ISBN 0 580 20558 4 Committees r

3、esponsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Technical Sector Board for Building and Civil Engineering (B/-) to Technical Committee B/549, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Cement Association British Commercial Glasshouse

4、Manufacturers Association British Precast Concrete Federation Ltd. British Veterinary Association Department of Agriculture Northern Ireland Farm and Rural Buildings Centre Farm Buildings Association Health and Safety Executive Institution of Civil Engineers Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Fo

5、od National Farmers Union Royal Institute of British Architects Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors Scottish Office (Agriculture and Fisheries Department) Silsoe Research Institute Steel Construction Institute Transport and General Workers Union Water Services Association of England and Wales A

6、mendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS5502-72:1992 BSI 09-1999 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 Definitions 1 3 General 1 4 Design, materials and construction 1 5 Store geometry 3 6 Environment 4 7 Services 12 8 Fire precautions,

7、safety, welfare and hygiene 12 9 Safety signs and notices 12 Index 13 Table 1 Cool stores: recommended insulation levels 2 Table 2 Atmospheric analysis for controlled atmosphere stores 3 Table 3 Fruit and vegetables: storage volumes 3 Table 4 Maximum values of heat production due to respiration in a

8、ir 5 Table 5 Fruit and vegetables: recommended storage conditions in air 6 Table 6 Apples and pears: recommended storage conditions in air 7 Table 7 Bulbs (planting stock): recommended storage conditions in air 7 Table 8 Cut flowers harvested June to November: recommended storageconditions in air 9

9、Table 9 Nursery stock: recommended storage conditions in air 9 Table 10 Soft fruit and vegetables: recommended storage conditionsundercontrolled atmosphere 9 Table 11 Apples and pears: recommended storage conditions under controlled atmosphere 10 Table 12 Fruit and vegetables: recommended cooling ti

10、mes 11 Table 13 Carbon dioxide production in air and under controlled atmosphere 11 Publication(s) referred to Inside back coverBS5502-72:1992 ii BSI 09-1999 Foreword This Part of BS5502has been prepared under the direction of the Technical Sector Board for Building and Civil Engineering. It compris

11、es a partial revision of BS5502-2.3:1981which is withdrawn. While BS5502is being revised and added to, the opportunity is being taken to restructure the standard into the following broad subject areas: Part 0: Introduction and consolidated index; Parts 10 and 19: Reference information and legislatio

12、n; Parts 20 to 39: General design; Parts 40 to 59: Livestock buildings; Parts 60 to 79: Crop buildings; Parts 80 to 99: Ancillary buildings. More specifically, the crop building series will comprise: Part 60: Code of practice for design and construction of buildings for mushrooms; Part 65: Code of p

13、ractice for design and construction of crop processing buildings; Part 66: Code of practice for design and construction of chitting houses; Part 70: Code of practice for design and construction of ventilated on floor stores for combinable crops; Part 71: Code of practice for design and construction

14、of ventilated stores for potatoes and onions; Part 72: Code of practice for design and construction of controlled environment stores for vegetables, fruit and flowers; Part 74: Code of practice for design and construction of bins and silos for combinable crops. A more detailed description of the new

15、 structure of BS5502is given in Part0. The object of introducing the new structure is to allow subject areas to be broadly characterized, and related subject matter, whether in the form of recommendations, guidance or supporting data, to be rationalized and brought together. It will also allow suffi

16、cient flexibility to enable BS5502to be expanded and developed in a logical way in the future. It has been assumed in the drafting of this Part of BS5502that the execution of its provisions is entrusted to appropriately qualified and experienced people, for whose guidance it has been prepared. A Bri

17、tish Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a fro

18、nt cover, an inside front cover, pagesiandii, pages1 to 14, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BS5502-72:1992 BSI 09-1999 1 1 Scop

19、e This Part of BS5502gives recommendations for the design and construction of buildings and structures for the storage of vegetables, fruit and flowers under controlled temperature, humidity and atmospheric conditions. NOTE1For recommendations on the design and construction of ventilated stores for

20、potatoes and onions see BS5502-71. NOTE2The titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover. 2 Definitions For the purposes of this British Standard, the definitions given in BS6100apply. 3 General 3.1 Storage 3.1.1 The storage life of fruit and vegetables

21、 is determined by respiration rates. To reduce the respiration rate and control ripening, produce should be cooled immediately after harvest and stored in an environment where temperature and relative humidity is controlled. Additional control that results in a higher quality crop can be exercised b

22、y controlling the atmosphere within the store. NOTERecommendations for storing produce using controlled or modified atmospheric storage conditions are confined to the limited range of crops where it is currently economically viable. 3.1.2 Rates of cooling and storage temperatures are controlled by t

23、he incorporation of refrigeration into forced air ventilation systems. In ambient cool stores, ventilation inlets and extract ductwork are arranged so that the air within the store can be recirculated and mixed with external air. In controlled atmosphere stores, the atmosphere is controlled by restr

24、icting the ventilation system to permit carbon dioxide levels to rise and oxygen levels to fall. These stores should be sealed to make them gas proof. 3.1.3 Efficiency will be determined by the store design, equipment, insulation and monitoring devices. 3.1.4 Heating can be required for use in treat

25、ment processes. 3.1.5 Weight loss can be reduced by controlling humidity levels. 3.2 Siting Consideration should be given to the siting of stores (see BS5502-20). In particular, consideration should be given to the following: a) the availability of services; b) ease of access for transport; c) integ

26、ration with grading and packing buildings. 3.3 Type of store 3.3.1 The design of controlled environment stores will be determined by the following factors: a) type of produce stored; b) storage duration; c) scale of the enterprise; d) handling method; e) alternative uses. A store can be a single fre

27、estanding unit or a block of units positioned within a building or externally. 3.3.2 Stores can be categorized into the following four types. a) Controlled atmosphere stores where the atmosphere as well as temperature and humidity are controlled. NOTEWhere lime is used as the scrubber medium to cont

28、rol the store atmosphere, storage for the lime is required within a sealed building or chamber in close proximity to the store. b) Conventional cool stores with systems for refrigeration. c) Ambient cool stores where refrigeration is provided but is ancillary to ventilation with ambient air. d) Jack

29、eted cool stores where the holding area is separated from the cooling air to enable higher atmospheric humidity to be maintained. The crop can be stored in bulk, in boxes, or in trays on pallets. 4 Design, materials and construction 4.1 General 4.1.1 The design, choice of materials and construction

30、of cool stores should be in accordance with BS5502-20,BS5502-21, BS5502-22,BS5502-23andBS5502-25. 4.1.2 Foundations, floors, walls and support structures should be designed and constructed to withstand loads from stored crops, equipment and machinery. 4.1.3 Structures should be designed to minimize

31、differential settlement, deflection and structural movement that could cause fracturing of surfaces and permit moisture ingress or infestation, so putting the stored product at risk. 4.1.4 Store interiors require cleaning after the storage period and this should be considered in the choice of materi

32、als. 4.1.5 Materials and treatments used in the construction should not impart odour or taint to the crop.BS5502-72:1992 2 BSI 09-1999 4.1.6 For controlled atmosphere stores, all surfaces of the store including doors, hatches and pipe or cable entries in the structure should be sealed against the pa

33、ssage of atmospheric gases. 4.1.7 All parts of the structure should be constructed in accordance with the recommendations given in BS8000. 4.2 Floors 4.2.1 Floors should be level with an even surface. Floors should be designed and constructed to withstand loads from the crop, (boxes or bulk), and dy

34、namic loads from transport and equipment. The surface should be hard wearing, capable of being cleaned and not susceptible to cracking or crazing. Adamp-proof membrane should be provided to prevent moisture ingress. Thermal and shrinkage movement should be minimized by the correct placing of constru

35、ction, expansion and contraction joints. 4.2.2 Where provided, ventilation ducts below floor level should be constructed to resist soil pressure and the passage of moisture. Covers should be designed to withstand loads from the crop and vehicles. 4.2.3 Insulation should be considered. NOTEPerimeter

36、insulation is more cost effective than whole slab insulation except when temperatures at or below0 C are likely to be maintained. 4.2.4 In controlled atmosphere stores, gas proofing should be by trowel applied coating. Care should be taken to repair any damaged or suspect areas prior to store loadin

37、g to maintain a seal. The junction between floor and walls should be sealed. 4.3 Walls 4.3.1 Walling systems should provide thermal insulation, protect the crop from the weather and contain the bulk crop. The structural integrity of the wall should be maintained at all times and surcharging only per

38、mitted when the walling has been designed to withstand such forces. 4.3.2 In ambient cool stores, louvred outlets and inlets should be provided where required for ventilation. 4.3.3 In controlled atmosphere stores, the walls should be gas proof. 4.4 Roof and upper wall cladding The roof and upper wa

39、ll cladding should be weatherproof. 4.5 Ceilings 4.5.1 Ceilings may be the roof structure, may be suspended from the roof structure or may be self supporting from the walls of the store. They should be insulated. 4.5.2 In controlled atmosphere stores, the ceiling should be gas proof. Junctions betwe

40、en walls and ceiling should be sealed. 4.5.3 Natural light should be excluded. 4.6 Doors 4.6.1 Door openings should be large enough for access and to enable loading and unloading but no larger than necessary in order to avoid heat entry or atmosphere loss, where applicable. The number of doors shoul

41、d be kept to a minimum. 4.6.2 Doors should be insulated and should have an internal finish equivalent to that of the walls. 4.6.3 In cool stores, personnel doors can be required for inspection. 4.6.4 In controlled atmosphere stores, to achieve and maintain a gas proof seal, consideration should be g

42、iven to the design of the door threshold, relative to the door and its sealing and locking method. Hatches for inspection purposes should be provided in the door and ceiling. They should be at least750mm square, sealable and lockable and finished in the same way as the door. 4.6.5 The position of do

43、ors should be determined by the loading pattern. External access areas should slope away from the doorway. 4.7 Thermal insulation 4.7.1 Stores should be insulated. The insulation should be continuous over all wall and ceiling surfaces, including air intake and exhaust vents when in recirculation mod

44、e for ambient cool stores and the scrubber chambers for controlled atmosphere stores. Recommended insulation levels are given inTable 1. Table 1 Cool stores: recommended insulation levels 4.7.2 Insulation material should be protected from impact damage, should not harbour pests and should be durable

45、 for the intended life of the store. Thermal bridging of insulation should be avoided. Store operating temperature Maximum thermal transmittance C Walls/ceiling or roof Floor a W/(m 2 K) W/(m 2 K) Above 4.5 0.6 N/A 3.5 to 4.5 0.45 N/A Below 3.5 0.35 0.6 Below 3.5 where critical limits of 0.5are esse

46、ntial 0.25 0.4 a N/A = not applicable within this temperature range.BS5502-72:1992 BSI 09-1999 3 4.7.3 Moisture penetration into the insulation reduces its efficiency. Vapour checks should be provided due to the high humidities maintained in stores. Vapour checks may be required to both faces of the

47、 insulation depending on storage conditions. 4.7.4 Joints in the vapour checks should be lapped and sealed, and nailed fixings should be taped. 4.8 Sealing for controlled atmosphere stores 4.8.1 Controlled atmosphere stores should be fully gas sealed. 4.8.2 Sealing should be impermeable to carbon di

48、oxide, oxygen and other gases, unaffected by ambient temperature changes, odourless and have a resistance to mechanical damage. 4.8.3 Surface sealants should be smooth, free of projections and applied in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. Sheet materials should have a minimum50mm lap, b

49、e sealed and fully fixed. 4.8.4 Service entries should be through purpose-made plates with screwed fittings, sealed and insulated in the same way as the structure. 4.8.5 All doors and access panels should be gas tight. 4.8.6 The quality of gas sealing should be such that a pressure of178Pa created inside the chamber should not fall below125Pa within the test time. The test time is given inTable 2 for differing atmospheric conditions. Table 2 Atmospheric analysis for controlled atmosphere stores 5 Store geometry 5.